疏果和套袋对金红苹果果实性状的影响

金红苹果是东北地区北部的苹果主栽品种 ,在辽宁、吉林、黑龙江和内蒙古等地均有分布 ,近年来 ,成功引种到山海关以南地区。金红苹果平均单果重 60 g左右 ,果实卵圆形 ,底色鲜黄 ,上覆紫红色晕 ,以口感甜、脆 ,即食性佳 ,而深受广大消费者喜爱。但进入盛果期后果实逐渐变小 ,而且桃小、李小等蛀果害虫危害严重 ,经济效益受到了很大影响。为此 ,我们进行了疏果、套袋试验 ,旨在探讨提高金红苹果单果重 ,改善果实经济性状的途径。试验地点在北华大学农业技术学院实习园艺场。试树为 4年生金红苹果 ;试验用塑膜袋由四川省惠阳膜袋公司提供。试…     

苹果增产菌对苹果霉心病的防治效果

于苹果幼芽萌动期、开花前１～２天、坐果期、幼果期、果实迅速膨大期和成熟前期喷施１０００倍液苹果增产菌。经对幼果心室、萼筒分离培养表明：处理后果实心室和萼筒的有害微生物群落比对照少。成熟期和贮藏期调查表明：成熟期霉心病发病率可降低３．０％～１０．０％，病情指数降低６．７％～３３．２％；贮藏１个月后发病率降低１０．０％～２２．３％，病情指数降低１５．６％～４３．３％。     

几种果袋对梨果实品质影响的试验

果实套袋可提高梨果品质。目前纸袋种类较多 ,效果、价格不一。为选择生产上适宜的果袋 ,1 999年进行了梨套袋效果比较试验。1　材料与方法　　试验在桐庐县桐庐镇大丰村进行 ,供试品种为生长健壮的六年生黄花梨 ,管理水平中上 ,长势强弱、树冠大小基本一致。供试纸袋有 :台湾产外黄内黑双层袋、外黄内白双层袋、黄色单层袋 ,规格为长 2 0ｃｍ、宽 1 5ｃｍ ;山东产外黄内黑双层袋、外黄内白双层袋、黄色单层袋 ,规格为长1 8.5ｃｍ、宽 1 5ｃｍ ;果农自制四层报纸袋、二层报纸袋 ,规格为长 1 9ｃｍ、宽 1 3ｃｍ ;不套袋为对照。　　每株选 4…     

玫瑰皇后李的果实品质分析

不折不扣皇后李若采收过早，果实成熟度不够，风味差；若采收过晚，成熟度过大，不耐贮运。通过对不同采收期果实单果重、着色指数、果肉硬度、可溶性固形物含量等指标的测定，证实了泰安地区最适采收期应在8月上中旬。     

苹果增产菌对桃树营养器官—叶片的影响

在桃树幼芽萌动期、幼果期和果实迅速膨大期各喷１次１０００倍苹果增产菌液，其效果明显好于只在萌芽期喷１次和幼芽萌动期、幼果期各喷１次（共两次）的效果，叶片鲜重提高１２．２６％～４９．６０％，单叶面积增加８．２６％～４５．５０％，叶绿素含量提高４．５３％～１５．９４％，从而增强桃树树势，对提高产量和果实品质起到良好的作用。     

反光膜应用对桃果实品质的影响

试验以湖景蜜露、锦绣黄桃、早露蟠桃果实为试材,探讨反光膜应用对3个品种桃可溶性固形物含量、单果重和中下部果实着色度的影响。结果表明:湖景蜜露、锦绣黄桃可溶性固形物含量处理比对照的平均值分别高出0.91%和1.38%,均达到了显著性差异水平;早露蟠桃处理达到了极显著差异水平,可见,设施大棚中早露蟠桃使用该技术效果更明显。早露蟠桃单果处理     

绿帅苹果优质栽培技术

绿帅是辽宁省果树所最新选育的早中熟绿色苹果新品种,2003年通过省级验收,登记号为辽登果[2003]94号.亲本为金冠实生,果实短圆锥形,果面黄绿色,平均单果重245克,去皮硬度8.1千克/平方厘米,可溶性固形物12.7%,可溶性糖10.89%,可滴定酸0.34%,维生素C含量39微克/克,风味甜酸,清香,爽口,果实8月上旬成熟,室温可存放15天.     

春雪桃早期丰产栽培技术

2003年,从山东省果树研究所引进春雪桃,进行密植丰产栽培试验.试验园设在东平县彭集镇赵楼村.该地年均气温13.4℃,年降水量640mm,年日照2474.7小时,无霜期201天.     

砧木对苹果成熟期和品质的影响

砧木对苹果成熟期和品质的影响［美］Ｗ．Ｒ．Ａｕｔｉｏ为了深入了解砧木对嫁接品种果实成熟期和品质的影响，于１９８６年开始，历经４年，对８种砧木上的超红苹果进行了研究，取得了一些比较系统的结果。试验砧木有Ｏｔｔ３、Ｍ７ＥＭＬＡ、Ｍ９ＥＭＬＡ、Ｍ２６ＥＭＬ...     

“桃王”是怎样炼成的

近日,山东省蒙阴县第四届赛桃会吸引了该县大批种桃高手前来＂一试身手＂,进行了一场擂台大赛。本次赛桃会本着公正公开的原则,从单果重、色泽、光洁度、果形整齐度等外观特征及硬度、可溶性固形物含量、风味、口感等内质进行综合评定,从该县果农参赛样品中选出了八个大类400余份样品,经初选269份样品进入复赛,最终共评出95个奖项,其中桃王奖、风味皇后奖各1名、金奖16名、银奖30名、铜奖47名，进一步打响了该县果品品牌。     

磁化水对红星苹果贮藏品质影响的研究

用磁化水处理红星苹果，能明显地保持红星苹果果实在贮藏期的硬度和可溶性固形物的含量，对呼吸强度有明显的抑制作用，从而提高红星苹果贮藏品质，延长果实寿命。     

叶面喷肥与桃树良种果实品质相关分析研究

通过对桃树良种叶面喷施有机液肥旱地龙与大量元素肥料结果综合分析得出,采取综合叶面喷洒与单一喷洒均可提高桃果品质与产量,促进着色,与对照相比差异极显著。对果品色泽的测试分析得出,果实着红色是多因素综合作用的结果,所以采取多种栽培措施,促进着色在桃树栽培中具有重要的现实意义。     

不同骨干枝角度对桃树生长和果实品质的影响

以6年生‘沙红’和‘燕红’桃树为试材,研究不同骨干枝角度对桃树生长和果实品质的影响。结果表明:‘沙红’直立树和‘燕红’骨干枝倾斜30°的总枝量,中枝、短枝和花束状枝总和以及枝条生长量明显高于其他2个处理;同一部位,‘沙红’直立树和‘燕红’骨干枝倾斜30°的总枝量处于较高的水平,高于其他2个处理;同一方向,‘沙红’和‘燕红’3个处理均是平侧枝总枝量最高。同一部位,‘沙红’直立树和‘燕红’骨干枝倾斜30°的果实品质好于其他2个处理;同一方向,‘沙红’和‘燕红’3个处理的结果数均是平侧枝最多;‘沙红’直立树和‘燕红’骨干枝倾斜30°的果实品质和产量显著高于其他2个处理。因此,‘沙红’骨干枝适宜的倾斜角度为0°,而‘燕红’骨干枝适宜的倾斜角度为30°。     

采后玉露桃果实冷害发生与ROP基因的表达调控

以软溶质玉露桃果实为材料,于8℃、5℃、0℃和LTC(8℃锻炼3d再转到0℃贮藏)下贮藏30d后转至货架(20℃)2d,对各个处理果实的腐烂和冷害程度、果实品质变化规律以及ROP基因的表达模式进行了比较,以探讨ROP基因与低温胁迫的关系。结果表明,经5℃和0℃贮藏30d的玉露桃果实在货架期间褐变加重,经5℃处理的果实褐变最重,经0℃处理果实表现后熟障碍;经8℃贮藏30d以及后续2d货架期的果实不出现冷害症状,但果实腐烂严重;LTC处理果实经冷藏后在货架期后熟正常,且果实冷害和腐烂均被明显抑制。各处理桃果实在采后低温贮藏过程中总可溶性糖和总有机酸质量分数均趋下降,其中5℃处理果实总可溶性糖质量分数下降幅度最大。结合应用EST检索和RT-PCR克隆扩增,分离出桃ROP基因(PpROP)。实时定量PCR结果显示,PpROP在5℃下表达迅速增强,第5天达到高峰,其丰度明显高于其他处理,LTC处理使PpROP表达维持较低水平。     

树盘反光膜铺设时间长短对苹果品质的影响

以13年生红富士苹果为试材,探讨反光膜铺设时间长短对果实品质的影响。结果表明,果园地面铺设反光膜能显著提高苹果果实维生素C含量和着色程度,降低果实可滴定酸含量,且铺设时间越长效果越好;铺设反光膜能显著增加果实红色度,反光膜铺设时间20天时,果实着色效果最好。     

Effect of pruning intensity on peach yield and fruit quality

Light, medium and heavy pruning treatments were used with one unpruned as check (control) in Flordasun, Flordaking and Saharanpur Prabhat peaches. Fruit yield decreased with the increase in severity of pruning in Flordaking and Saharanpur Prabhat peaches, whereas, medium pruning treatment gave highest yield in Flordasun peach. Pulp weight, stone weight, pulp-stone ratio, ascorbic acid, sugar acid ratio and moisture content were not affected by pruning levels. However, fruit weight, size, TSS, sugar and acid content were significantly increased by pruning in Flordasun peach. Almost all the physico-chemical characters were significantly affected by pruning in Flordaking and Saharanpur Prabhat peaches, in which medium and heavy pruning treatments performed better, respectively.     

袋控缓释肥在北京山坡地桃园的应用效果初探

以6年生’华玉’桃树为试材,设置3个处理:习惯施肥处理、等价袋控缓释肥处理、推荐袋控缓释肥处理,比较了北京市山坡地桃园中3种施肥处理对桃果实产量、品质和树体生长的影响。结果表明:施用等价袋控缓释肥,比习惯施肥减少2/3的肥量,二者产量无显著差异;施用目标产量的推荐袋控缓释肥比习惯施肥成本降低了36.5%;施用袋控缓释肥,施肥次数比习惯施肥减少2次,省工节肥。建议在类似果园推广推荐袋控缓释肥。     

Response of watersprout growth to fruit load and intensity of dormant pruning in peach tree

Watersprout occurrence and growth were investigated over a two-year period in an early maturing peach cultivar (Alexandra) under different intensities of dormant pruning for fruited and defruited trees. A preliminary study focused on identifying the laws that determine the probability of presence and occurrence of watersprouts in relation to watersprout-bearing shoot (WBS) length. The increase in watersprout probability of presence and occurrence resulting from greater WBS length illustrated the high capacity of peach for sprouting. Watersprout lengths were measured, as well as the lengths of young shoots, one-year-old fruit-bearing shoots (FBSs) and older branches considered as WBS in order to evaluate total shoot growth within the tree. Watersprout number and total length tended to be higher under severe dormant pruning and in fruited trees than under light dormant pruning and in defruited trees. This stimulation of watersprout length appeared to compensate for the concomitant lower total length of young shoots, resulting in a constant overall vegetative growth rate for the whole tree. In the second year of the experiment, watersprouts were either removed by summer pruning or not in order to evaluate watersprout incidence on the rest of the tree. After light and severe watersprout removal (WSR), the annual diametrical growth of FBS tended to be higher and lower, respectively, compared to trees not submitted to summer pruning. Light WSR might favour light interception in the centre of the canopy, thus improving assimilate production and allocation to FBS, whereas severe WSR could prevent carbohydrate export from watersprouts to FBS. Under our conditions, the limit at which WSR intensity became detrimental for FBS diametrical growth appeared to be after approximately 75% of the watersprouts were removed. Severe WSR appeared likely to improve fruit diameter, whereas it had no significant impact on the percentage of soluble solids.     

化学物质打破桃休眠的效应初探

以油桃品种华光和寿星桃为试材，应用石灰氮、氰胺、苯基噻二唑基脲、赤霉素、6－苄基腺嘌呤、硝酸钾进行打破桃休眠的试验。结果表明，石灰氮破眠效果最佳，可使中芽提早萌发13－14天，花芽提早7天萌芽，提早开花7－13天，且萌芽率显著提高，其余供试药剂也有不同程度的破眠效应，只是效率较低，使用破眠剂的时期和浓度不同，效果也异。休眠芽中可溶性糖含量增加，淀粉含量下降，是解除休眠的标志。