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梨果实石细胞团的发育,分布及其对果实品质的影响 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
1997年对梨果实石细胞团的发育和分布进行了观察分析,供试品种43个。通过对苹果梨、南果梨、丰水梨,伏茄梨四个品种的石细胞团形成过程的观察,及43个梨品种的成熟果实中石细胞团大小和分布的观察测定发现,梨果实石细胞团的形成从花后15d左右开始,花后2个月内基本结束,梨果实中石细胞团分布一般以近果皮处和近果心处密度高、直径大,中层果肉中石细胞团密度低,直径小,果实中石细胞团直径较大,密度高的品种肉质较 相似文献
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长把梨是青海地产果树主栽品种中较为优良的地方梨品种,其果肉肉质细脆味甜,汁液较多,石细胞较少,深受当地百姓的喜爱.近年来,由于栽培管理粗放,果肉中石细胞较多,导致该品种品质逐渐退化.现随机选取不同立地条件下10株长把梨,采用冷冻法测定长把梨石细胞含量,进行不同处理间差异显著性比较,并结合口感粗细制定出长把梨石细胞的定量标准.结果表明:长把梨石细胞含量及相应肉质粗细可分为4个等级:石细胞含量1.62g/100g以上,肉质极粗;1.61~1.10,肉质粗;1.09~0.80,肉质中等;0.79以下,肉质较细. 相似文献
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砀山梨原产地与引种区果实品质的比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对砀山梨在原产地及其附近的4个引种区,砀山沙河、肖县黄口徐州和新沂的果实品质进行了研究,结果证明徐州产砀山梨糖含量为12.23%,略高于原产地(11.31%),水分含量在5个地区中基本相同为88.29%左右,但石细胞的大小及数量引种区与原产地则具显著性差异,其中原产地梨果肉中石细胞数量少,体积最小,而年地区所产梨实中的石细胞数量最多,体积较大,其它3个引种区的居中。这些结果表明土壤的性质、气候 相似文献
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砀山酥梨果实石细胞与薄壁细胞发育关系的解剖学研究 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
以砀山酥梨为材料, 对梨果实发育过程中石细胞形成、石细胞团增大及薄壁细胞膨大过程进行解剖学研究。结果表明: 梨石细胞先由果肉细胞壁不均匀加厚, 进而形成厚壁细胞。石细胞形成始于花后15 d, 此后一周内形成大量石细胞; 花后23 d, 石细胞聚簇, 石细胞团大量出现, 石细胞团直径增大;花后67 d, 石细胞团直径最大, 此时薄壁细胞以长条状和椭球状两种方式膨大。梨果实发育过程中, 石细胞含量先上升后下降, 花后51 d, 石细胞含量达18.95% , 以后石细胞含量下降。石细胞含量的下降是由于果实生长和薄壁细胞膨大引起的相对下降。 相似文献
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梨果实发育中果肉及种子钙和果胶含量的变化 总被引:16,自引:3,他引:16
:以果实耐贮性和质地有明显差异的‘黄花’和‘湘南’梨品种为试材,研究了果实发育过程中果肉与种子中Ca2 、总钙含量和果肉果胶含量的动态及其相互关系。结果表明:1)两品种果肉细胞中总钙和Ca2 含量在幼果发育前期较高,以后呈下降趋势,采收时黄花梨果肉中的总钙含量明显高于湘南梨;2)种子中总钙含量远高于果肉,随果实发育而逐渐上升,且黄花梨在7月中旬果实膨大期后上升加快直至采收,而湘南梨则在7月中旬后停止上升;种子中的Ca2 含量在后期均有一个迅速上升峰;3)原果胶含量在果实发育前期上升,中后期下降,后期黄花梨远低于湘南梨;而水溶性果胶呈逐渐上升的趋势,两品种较为接近。 相似文献
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目前,对梨果诸多性状的研究已取得了一定的进展,如梨果实中石细胞含量对果实品质相关性的研究,野生砂梨果实的某些品质性状及抗氧化性的比较分析,香梨杂种F1代的杂种后果实性状遗传研究。欧美国家对洋梨系统研究多,而我国对白梨和砂梨、洋梨、秋子梨系统品种均有研究,但是由于材料等原因,所得结论不尽一致,迄今关于同一梨品种在同一地区不同立地条件的果实性状表现还未见报道, 相似文献
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Beds of size-sorted stones forming stripes perpendicular to the contour are conspicuous on hillsides of the Columbia Plateau. Stripes occur on terrain ranging from 0° to about 30° in steepness, often beginning among Mima-type mounds on mesa tops and extending downward onto steep, unmounded slopes. Four mechanisms of their origin have been hypothesized: 1) water erosion, 2) solifluction and soil creep, 3) weathering of rock outcrops, and 4) tunneling by pocket gophers. We measured characteristics of five stripes on slopes of differing exposure and steepness. These stripes were 58–124 m long, and widths showed a maximum range of 0.55–3.70 m. Data on physical and biotic characteristics of the stripes suggest that pocket gopher tunneling is a basic mechanism of stripe formation on gentle slopes, and that this mechanism is augmented by outcrop weathering and colluvial dynamics on steeper slopes, with erosion playing a secondary role. 相似文献
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A protocol of multiplex RT-PCR in a one-tube system for the detection of the most common stone fruit trees viruses [e.g., plum pox virus (PPV), prune dwarf virus (PDV), and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV)], including the internal control of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5) gene are described here. The method specificity was tested on more than 80 different samples with various isolates and strains of the viruses. It showed that the targeted viruses produced the expected amplicons, whereas all other related viruses produced only the nad5 internal control amplicon. The method sensitivity was evaluated by comparing it with Simplex RT-PCR with the same primers; no significant differences in detection limits were recorded. Furthermore, the competitiveness of the primers in the assay was tested by serial RNA dilutions of samples with mixed and single infections. The least competitive was the internal control nad5 gene primer pair; therefore, there is a reduced risk of false negatives as all the other primers tend to be more efficient in the given primer cocktail than in the primers for internal control. 相似文献
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利用远缘杂交创造核果类果树新种质的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以桃、杏、李、樱桃、杏梅等果树的 1 4个品种为亲本 ,3年来共进行了 80余个组合的远缘杂交试验 ,探讨了核果类果树远缘杂交的亲和性 ,并对远缘杂种幼胚进行了胚抢救。结果表明 ,铃铛花期授粉的坐果率显著高于初花期授粉 ;同一杂交组合 ,正反交坐果率差异显著 ,母本对远缘杂交亲和性影响很大 ,选择自交亲和或自然坐果率高的种或品种做母本容易克服远缘杂交的不亲和性 ;适宜场强的静电场、He -Ne激光处理及60 Coγ射线与He -Ne激光联合处理花粉 ,均能显著提高花粉离体萌芽率 ,用上述处理的花粉进行的远缘杂交坐果率也明显高于对照 ;60 Coγ射线单独处理则降低了花粉离体萌芽率 ,远缘杂交的坐果率也低于对照 ;对远缘杂种幼胚及时地进行胚抢救 ,并诱导形成多丛芽 ,是克服核果类果树远缘杂种不育性的有效方法。研究并筛选出了李、樱桃胚萌发与生长、多丛芽诱导与增殖以及生根培养等最佳培养基配方。目前已将欧洲甜樱桃×中国樱桃、大石早生李×泰安巴旦水杏及凯特杏×总统李等一批核果类果树远缘杂种定植于露地 ,其中欧洲甜樱桃与中国樱桃的种间杂种是国内外首次获得 相似文献
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叶绿体atpB-rbcL序列分析在核果类果树系统发育研究中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为重建核果类果树的系统发育,选择桃、李、梅、杏、樱桃各4~5个主要种或变种,共24个基因型,测定了其叶绿体非编码区atpB-rbcL序列。以桂樱为外种群,用PAUP软件计算数据集的得分,Modeltest筛选最佳模型和参数,Mega计算遗传距离、变异,最大简约法构建系统发育树。结果表明,1)atpB-rbcL在核果类果树各组间分子进化速率不同,差异公布不均衡;2)樱桃较其他核果类果树原始;李、梅、杏亲缘关系较近,梅、杏关系最近。核果类果树是一个单系群,由一个共同的祖先沿着2个方向进化,一枝进化为樱桃,另一枝沿不同的途径产生桃、李、梅、杏等核果类果树。 相似文献
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Yongping Cai Guoqing Li Jingquan Nie Yi Lin Fan Nie Jinyun Zhang Yiliu Xu 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
Pear stone cell content is one of key determinants of fruit quality. Stone cells form by the deposition of lignin on primary cell walls, following secondary thickening of cell walls. Studies of the structure and metabolic pathway of pear lignin are rare. Stone cell and lignin content in the pulp of Pyrus bretschneideri cv. Dangshan Su were determined during fruit development. Lignin was extracted, purified and analyzed by ultraviolet (UV) light, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Intermediates of lignin biosynthesis were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that lignin content increases initially and decreases afterwards during fruit development, peaking twice at day 47 and day 63 after flowering. The lignin peaks precede both peaks of stone cell content (day 51 after flowering) and at the point at which sclereids reach their maximum diameter (day 67 after flowering). The milled wood lignin in pulp was identified as guaiacyl-syringyl-lignin by spectroscopic analyses. In the FTIR spectra, the peak intensity ratio of A1269/A1227 was 1.25. HPLC analyses detected cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid, but not caffeic acid or ferulic acid. In conclusion, during pear fruit development, lignin is first biosynthesized, and subsequently deposited on cell walls to form stone cells and sclereids. The biosynthesis of guaiacyl-syringyl- lignin in pear pulp may involve a phenylpropane-type metabolic pathway from phenylalanine to cinnamic acid and acyl-CoA ester, as pear pulp lignin contains more guaiacyl units than syringyl units. 相似文献
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石细胞是影响梨果实品质的关键因素之一,钙与石细胞次生壁形成过程关系密切。以南果梨为试材,于花后不同时期喷施钙肥,研究了不同浓度的氯化钙及糖醇螯合钙对其果实品质及石细胞代谢的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,不同钙肥处理对南果梨果实品质均有所改善,同时显著提高果实钙含量,并对石细胞形成有不同程度的抑制作用。其中,盛花期后20d喷施5.0g/L氯化钙可显著增加南果梨单果重、横纵径和总钙含量,并减少石细胞积累,效果最佳。进一步研究发现,氯化钙处理降低了木质素合成相关基因PuC3H、Pu CAD、PuPOD、PuLAC的表达水平。因此,钙处理可通过抑制木质素途径下游基因的表达来减少石细胞的积累,是提高南果梨果实品质的有效措施。 相似文献