应用斑点酶联免疫吸附试验检测水牛伊氏锥虫抗体

应用斑点酶联免疫吸附试验(Dot—ELISA)检测水牛伊氏锥虫IgG抗体,并与间接血凝试验(IHA)进行了比较。检测160份伊氏锥虫疫区水牛血清160份,Dot—ELISA和IHA的阳性率分别为55.63％和53.75％;其中42份虫检阳性血清的阳性率分别为100％和92.86％,两种试验的一致率为95.63％。两种试验的滴度呈显著正相关(r=0.8842)。10份非疫区健康水牛血清两种试验均为阴性。     

应用斑点酶联免疫吸附试验快速检测猪弓形虫抗体

将斑点酶联免疫吸附试验(Dot—ELISA)用于检测猪弓形虫抗体,并与常规ELISA和IHA法进行了比较。结果,对102份滴度下降的猪阳性血清检测,弓形虫抗体阳性检出率,Dot—ELISA为66.67％(68/102),常规ELISA为48.04％(49/102),IHA为27.45％(28/102);对675头商品猪血清检测,弓形虫抗体阳性检出率,Dot—ELISA为48.15％(325/675),常规ELISA为41.93％(283/675),IHA为33.80％(228/675);与3种寄生虫(猪囊虫、猪旋毛虫、住肉孢子虫)阳性血清无交叉反应;对123份弓形虫抗体阳性和158份阴性猪血清进行3次重复性试验,结果完全一致。结果证明,该法敏感性高,特异性强,操作简便快速(于接到病料后2h报告结果),便于在基层推广使用。     

单克隆抗体在动物衣原体病血清诊断上的应用

采用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术，研制出的抗衣原体单克隆抗体，应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）方法，对本地区所采得的231份猪血清，128份羊血清，90份牛血清进行检测，结果：猪血清阳性检出率为30．7％，羊为25．8％，牛为32．2％；选猪、羊、牛血清各50份，用已建立的检测衣原体抗体ELISA方法与的间接血凝试验（IHA）进行比较，猪血清ELISA阳性检出率为30％，IHA为26％，ELISA比IHA试验高出4个百分点。牛血清ELISA阳性检出率为32％，IHA为24％，ELISA比IHA试验高出8个百分点。羊血清ELISA阳性检出率为26％，IHA为22％，ELISA比IHA高出4个百分点。     

仔猪副伤寒血清抗体水平与其保护力的相关性研究

用已经建立的检测仔猪副伤寒血清抗体的Dot—PPA—ELISA，对不同仔猪副伤寒抗体水平试验组14头仔猪和对照组4头仔猪进行了血清抗体效价测定，并以沙门菌强毒攻击受试猪，测定血清抗体效价与保护力的关系。试验结果表明，以Dot—PPA—ELISA检测的仔猪副伤寒血清抗体几何平均效价不低于28^8.2时，85．7％的猪能够抵抗沙门菌强毒的攻击。试验初步确定以Dot—PPA—ELISA进行猪群免疫监测时，血清抗体的几何平均效价2^8.0。为仔猪副伤寒的保护临界标准，该标准的确定为集约化猪场用Dot—PPA—ELISA检测仔猪副伤寒血清抗体，进行仔猪副伤寒的诊断、免疫监测及流行病学调查提供了科学依据。     

副猪嗜血杆菌血清5型间接血凝试验和间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

为建立副猪嗜血杆菌（HPS）的血清学诊断方法，通过探索HPS荚膜多糖产生的最适体外培养条件，提取了HPS血清5型菌株的荚膜多糖（CPS），并以之为抗原分别建立了间接血凝试验（IHA）和间接ELISA两种抗体检测方法，对其特异性、敏感性和符合率进行了比较研究。结果表明，两种检测方法的特异性良好，但ELISA的敏感性是IHA的5～10倍，二者的阳性符合率、阴性符合率和总符合率分别为79．7％、55．2％和65．3％。用这两种方法检测了320份临床送检猪血清，IHA和ELISA的阳性率分别为40％和59％。结果证实，这两种方法适用于不同实验室条件下HPS的诊断和流行病学调查。     

DOT—ELISA检测猪瘟免疫抗体的研究

本文成功地建立了Dot—ELISA(斑点酶联免疫吸附试验)检测猪瘟免疫抗体,经猪丹毒、猪巴氏杆菌高免血清对照及猪瘟强毒攻毒试验证实;Dot—ELISA检测猪瘟免疫抗体是特异的。Dot—ELISA、ELISA和兔体中和三种方法比较,Dot—ELISA法具有简便、快速、敏感性高,特异性强。用Dot—ELISA法检测115头免疫猪血清抗体,免疫抗体在效价1:2—1:128之间,1:32—1:64以上滴度占95％。猪瘟攻毒试验结果:免疫猪的猪瘟免疫抗体保持在1:32以上,均能抗过猪瘟强毒的攻击。     

SPA-ELISA监测猪传染性胃肠炎病毒血清抗体水平的研究

建立了SPA—ELISA监测猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)血清抗体水平的方法，与免疫荧光试验(IFA)符合率高达90．9％。试验表明：病毒抗原最适包被浓度为4μg／ml；血清工作浓度为1：200；最佳包被液采用0．05m pH9．6的碳酸缓冲液；封闭液选用2％的脱脂奶；并确定了抗原抗体最佳反应时间和最适反应温度及底物溶液的显色时间。特异性试验表明所组装的SAP—ELISA试剂盒特异性较好，可用于TGE的流行病学调查。     

文摘

9313酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测猪附红细胞体抗体的评价/Frank．s．Hsu等//Am．J．Vet．Res,1992,53(3):352—354为检测猪附红细胞体抗体,试验和建立了一种ELISA,其结果与间接血凝试验(IHA)进行了比较。从严重感染猪附红细胞体(Es)的猪采集血样制备Es抗原用于两种试验。比较ELISA与IHA,发现两者结果显著相关(P＜0.001)。在Es感染的9头猪采集的     

IHA与ELISA检测猪瘟病毒抗体的比较

应用间接血凝试验(IHA)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测猪瘟病毒抗体,IHA试验以1∶16为判定孔,抗体效价大于或等于1∶16为抗体阳性;ELISA试验以抗体阻断率40%为判定标准,阻断率大于或等于40%为抗体阳性,同步检测了122份规模化猪场不同阶段免疫猪血清.结果ELISA检测抗体阳性率比IHA检测抗体阳性率低,阴性、阳性相符的血清数为92份,相关性为 75.4%,不同抗体水平分布的血清数也不同,个别血清出现较大差异,卡方检验P值为0.13(＞0.05),两种检测方法统计上无差异,研究结果为选择猪瘟病毒抗体检测方法提供参考.     

衣原体单克隆抗体在羊血清诊断上的应用

采用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术，研制出的抗衣原体单克隆抗体，应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法，对本地区所采用的698份羊血清进行检测，羊血清阳性检出率为22．06％，选择50份羊血清用已建立的检测衣原体抗体ELISA方法与传统的间接血凝试验(IHA)进行比较，其敏感性高。羊血清ELISA阳性检出率为26％，IHA为22％，前者比IHA高出4个百分点。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.