外引“巨人”沙棘新梢,果实生长动态

1993～1994年连续两年在哈尔滨地区对由俄罗斯引进的大果无刺“巨人”沙棘品种的新梢、果实的生长动态调查研究的结果表明,“巨人”沙棘新梢与果实纵、横径生长动态均呈“S”形曲线。新梢生长于5月底和7月初.有两次高峰.6月上旬和7月中旬为果实生长高峰。果实生长发育全过程可分为:幼果速长期,即6月上旬～6月中下旬;果实缓慢生长期,即6月中下旬～7月中旬;采前速长期,即7月中旬～8月初。     

椪柑丰产稳产栽培技术

柑生长强健,树势较直立。据观察,柑生长的物候期为:3月中旬萌动,3月下旬展叶,4月上旬现蕾,4月中旬花苞初开,5月上旬盛花,5月中下旬为第一次生理落果期,6月中旬为第二次生理落果期,7月上旬进入稳果期,10月中旬为果实迅速膨大期,10月中旬果实着色,11月中下旬果实成熟。 1 土壤管理 1.1 深翻压绿并畦 1.2 树盘培土覆盖 防露根,增厚生根层,提高土壤的保水能力。 1.3 松土除草 每年1~2次除草,结合浅松土,防止土壤板结,使土壤中的水、肥、气、热协调,有利于根系生长。同时还能减少病虫害。 1.4 土壤施肥 1.4.1 幼龄树施肥 采取“勤施…     

银杏树栽培的促花保果

为促进花芽形成,对银杏树栽培达3年以上树的旺盛枝干,于5月下旬、6月下旬、7月下旬进行3次环剥,环剥宽度为银杏树枝干粗的1／10。5月中旬银杏树新梢生长至15cm左右时,连续摘心也是成花的一个有效措施。银杏树每年5月中旬至6月上旬分别有2次生理落果。花期喷0．3％的硼砂加0．2％的磷酸二氢钾,能有效地控制落花落果,确保银杏树栽培的丰产丰收。     

2种桃年生长发育及果实生长规律研究

对8年生"沙红桃"和"阿部白桃"进行了物候期、枝条年生长节律、开花结实特性和果实生长量、纵横茎及可溶性固形物进行了观测。结果表明:"沙红桃"和"阿部白桃"新梢在生长进程中呈现"快—慢—快—慢"的节律,在年生长周期内,新梢是在5月上旬到6月下旬出现1次生长高峰期;果实年生长出现的1次高峰期时在6月中旬到7月下旬。2种桃的果形指数均大于1,说明"沙红桃"和"阿部白桃"的商品率较高。     

银杏树栽培的促花保果

为促进花芽形成，对银杏树栽培达3年以上树的旺盛枝干，于5月下旬、6月下旬、7月下旬进行3次环剥，环剥宽度为银杏树枝干粗的1／10。5月中旬银杏树新梢生长至15cm左右时，连续摘心也是成花的一个有效措施。银杏树每年5月中旬至6月上旬分别有2次生理落果。花期喷0．3％的硼砂加0．2％的磷酸二氢钾，能有效地控制落花落果，确保银杏树栽培的丰产丰收。     

银杏树栽培的促花保果

为促进花芽形成，对银杏树栽培达3年以上树的旺盛枝干，于5月下旬、6月下旬、7月下旬进行3次环剥，环剥宽度为银杏树枝干粗的1／10。5月中旬银杏树新梢生长至15cm左右时，连续摘心也是成花的一个有效措施。银杏树每年5月中旬至6月上旬分别有2次生理落果。花期喷0．3％的硼砂加0．2％的磷酸二氢钾，能有效地控制落花落果，确保银杏树栽培的丰产丰收。     

东陇海地区杏日光温室栽培试验

于2001~2003年在东陇海地区的邳州市进行了金太阳杏和凯特杏日光温室栽培试验,结果表明:凯特杏比金太阳杏树势旺,成花少,单株产量低,成熟期比金太阳杏晚,但果实比较大,平均单果重110 g,而金太阳杏只有60 g左右。栽后第2 a(2002年),金太阳杏5月1日成熟,有40%左右的植株结果,平均产量0.29 kg/m2;凯特杏5月11日成熟,有35%左右的植株结果,平均产量183.2 kg/666.7 m2。栽后第3 a(2003年),2品种所有植株全部结果:金太阳杏4月26日成熟,产量1.48 kg/m2;凯特杏5月3日成熟,产量1.40 kg/m2。日光温室杏栽培经济效益高,栽后第2 a获得产值3.00元/m2,栽后第3 a产值高达14.43元/m2。     

银杏树栽培的促花保果

正为促进花芽形成,对银杏树栽培达3年以上树的旺盛枝干,于5月下旬、6月下旬、7月下旬进行3次环剥,环剥宽度为银杏树枝干粗的1/10。5月中旬银杏树新梢生长至15cm左右时,连续摘心也是成花的一个有效措施。银杏树每年5月中旬至6月上旬分别有2次生理落果。花期喷0.3%的硼砂加0.2%的磷酸二氢钾,能有效地控制落花落果,确保银杏树栽培的丰产丰收。——摘自湖北林业网     

不同修剪技术对设施栽培金太阳杏扩冠促果效应

日光温室栽培金太阳杏是一项新兴经济林栽培模式,通过不同修剪技术对金太阳杏萌芽率、成枝力、二次枝生长发育的效应试验,结果表明:轻短截、缓放可以促进多发短枝并早结果,中短截能够促进金太阳杏快速扩冠。为了实现金太阳杏扩冠且早结果的双重效果,应对骨干枝进行中短截,对骨干枝以外的营养枝进行轻短截或缓放。     

6个品种杏新梢和果实生长发育规律研究

对6个品种杏(Prunus armeniaca L.)进行果实和新梢生长发育规律的调查表明:"凯特""金太阳""杏王""金杏梅"鲜食杏果实纵横径、单果质量日增长量生长变化呈"慢-快-慢-快-慢"双S型曲线,果实纵横径、果质量增长量有2个高峰期、3个缓慢期;鲜食兼仁用品种"珍珠油""小树上干"果实纵横径、单果质量日增长量生长变化呈"快-慢-快"非典型的双S型。且各生长期因品种不同其出现的时间段不相同。6种杏果实可溶性固形物含量变化均呈"快-慢-快"双S曲线,可溶性固形物含量主要在果实硬核前和果实成熟前增加较快。新梢在1年中有3个生长高峰期,但只有1个生长高峰较明显,其他两个高峰期不明显,在8月下旬停止生长。果形指数与果实纵横径动态变化趋势吻合,在整个发育过程中果实前期纵径生长量大于横径生长量,果形指数较大,随着果实生长增大,横向生长量增大明显,果形指数随之减小。     

枣疯植原体的分布特点及周年消长规律

枣疯病是一种典型的致死性植原体病害,是枣树生产中发生最普遍、危害最严重的毁灭性传染病害,被视为枣树的癌症.     

新疆野果林的新害虫——杏树鬃球蚧（半翅目：蚧总科：蚧科）

目的 杏树鬃球蚧在新疆野果林暴发成灾,对野杏生存和野果林生态环境造成重大危害。本研究揭示该虫在新疆野杏上的生物学特性,旨在为防控杏树鬃球蚧提供科学依据。 方法 2019年6月至2020年6月,在新疆巩留县和新源县通过室内实验和野外调查相结合,研究了杏树鬃球蚧的形态特征、生活史、习性。 结果 杏树鬃球蚧属于性二型昆虫,雌成虫呈半球形,雄虫有翅。在新疆野果林1年发生1代,主要以2龄若虫在枝条上越冬,越冬死亡率在65%以上,雌雄性比为1.02∶1。雌成虫平均产卵量527粒,卵的发育起点温度9.50 ℃,有效积温81.17 DD。杏树鬃球蚧在野杏树冠东、南、西、北4个方位的发生量无显著差异,主要分布在3年生枝条,且同一枝条阴面显著多于阳面。 结论 杏树鬃球蚧在新疆野果林的薄弱环节为2龄若虫出蛰期、膨大期（3月下旬至4月下旬）和1龄若虫涌散期（6月上、中旬）,建议在此时期对该虫开展综合防治。     

Biomass of fine and small roots in two Japanese black pine stands of different ages

The biomass and the spatial distribution of fine and small roots were studied in two Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) stands growing on a sandy soil. More biomass of fine and small roots was found in the 17-year-old than in the 40-year-old stand. There were 62 g m⁻² of fine roots and 56 g m⁻² of small roots in the older stand, which represented mean values of 608 g for fine and 552 g for small roots per tree, respectively. In the younger stand, a total of 85 g m⁻² of fine roots and 66 g m⁻² of small roots were determined, representing a mean of 238 g for fine and 186 g for small roots per tree, respectively. Fine and small root biomasses decreased linearly with a soil depth of 0–50 cm in the older stand. In the younger stand, the fine and small roots developed only up to a depth of 30 cm. Horizontal distributions (with regard to distance from a tree) of both root groups were homogeneous. A positive correlation in the amount of biomass of fine and small roots per m² relative to tree size was found. Fine and small root biomasses increased consistently from April to July in both stands. The results also indicated earlier growth activity of the fine roots than small roots at the beginning of the growing season. The seasonal increases in fine and small root biomasses were slightly higher in the younger stand than the older stand.     

极早熟品种骆驼黄杏花芽分化观察

为了解极早熟品种骆驼黄杏花芽分化时期与分化特点,于１９９８－１９９９年以河北省易县独乐乡肿独乐村６ａ生骆驼黄杏为试材,采用石蜡片法对其花芽分化进行了系统观察研究。结果表明：骆驼黄杏花芽分化自６月下旬开始至９月底结束,分化盛期集中在７－９月份、其分化过程分为未分化期、分化初期、萼片分化期、花瓣分化期、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期等６个时期,需要９０多ｄ,雌蕊分化后表现出多种畸形变化,主要有花柱萎缩、弯曲、     

Weather factors controlling growth of Oriental beech are on the turn over the growing season

A better understanding of the ecophysiological basis of wood formation by monitoring radial growth over the whole vegetation period may help to explain possible discrepancies between long-term average climate–growth relationships and short-term climatic impacts on tree growth. To understand how growth–climate associations of Oriental beech vary throughout a vegetation period, we studied seasonal growth patterns of high-elevation beech trees growing in the north of Iran by collecting wood anatomical micro-cores in 10 to bi-weekly intervals and measuring stem increment with high-resolution electronic dendrometers. Wood formation was for two consecutive years with contrasting inter-annual climate conditions (2011 and 2012). We divided the growing period into three equal time phases and related daily climate variability to the cambial growth in each phase. The pattern of climate–growth relationships varies over a complete growing season and between years: in both study years, trees responded homogenously at the beginning and at the end of the growing season, but showed opposing influence of relative humidity during spring and early summer (June and July). Temperature as the main driver of xylogenesis had a stimulating effect on growth at the beginning of the growing season, but had negative effects on radial increment during late June and July mainly due to the excess of ambient temperatures over an optimum threshold. Higher temperature in late June and July 2011 compared with those of 2012 led to a significantly narrower tree ring in 2011, despite the similar sums/means of annual climate parameters in these two years. Since regional climate change scenarios expect higher temperature and reduced moisture conditions in future, radial growth of beech in the north of Iran may be adversely affected.     

会泽新松叶蜂生物学特性及防治

会泽新松叶蜂是华山松的主要食叶害虫。该虫在会泽县者海林场 1年发生 2代 ,以老熟幼虫在树冠周围的枯枝落叶层中结茧越冬。第 1代 3月下旬为产卵盛期 ,6月中旬～ 8月中旬为蛹期 ,7月中旬～ 8月中旬为成虫期 ;第 2代 7月下旬～ 9月上旬为卵期 ,11月上旬～次年 3月中旬为蛹期 ,3月中旬～ 4月下旬为成虫期。根据其生物学特性及生活习性 ,提出了综合防治措施。化学防治以 4 0 %氧化乐果 1∶80 0倍液最好。室内和田间对幼虫喷药的防治效果在 90 %以上     

承德柳十八斑叶甲生物学特性初步研究

柳十八斑叶甲(Chrysomela saliciooraxFairm)在河北承德1 a发生2代,以成虫在枯枝落叶层内、土缝或树皮缝内越冬,翌年4月下旬至5月上旬上树危害,至6月下旬出现第一代成虫,7月下旬至8月上旬出现第2代成虫,并在树上危害到10月下旬下树越冬。每年7月上中旬为该虫危害盛期。     

Long-term respiration in relation to growth and maintenance processes of the aboveground parts of a hinoki forest tree

Over a three-year period, CO(2) exchange rates were measured continuously on the aboveground parts of a 13-year-old hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl.) tree in the field, using an open gas-exchange system tracking ambient temperature. The relationship between daily aerial respiratory consumption and daily gross production, which was analyzed monthly, closely resembled McCree's equation. The value of the coefficient of growth respiration ranged between 0.0 in winter and 0.16 in summer and increased with increasing monthly mean temperature. A clockwise loop was observed for monthly change in the relationship between the coefficient of growth respiration and temperature. Maintenance respiration could be formulated as a power function of aboveground dry weight. The exponent of the equation ranged from 0.3 to 1.1. A value of 1.1 in May and June, when trees were growing most actively, indicated that maintenance respiration was directly proportional to aboveground weight. In March, April, July, and August, maintenance respiration was not proportional to aboveground weight, but it was closely proportional to surface area. The exponent value exhibited seasonal change with a clockwise loop in response to monthly average temperature. During the dormant season, respiration was used only for maintenance purposes, whereas during the growing season both growth and maintenance respiration occurred. Annual growth and maintenance respiration increased with increasing tree age. The average annual contribution to total respiratory consumption was 21% for growth respiration and 79% for maintenance respiration.     

利用Minirhizotron技术监测火炬松新根生长动态

利用Minirhizotron技术 ,研究了位于美国路易斯安那州的 19年生的火炬松新根生长动态。结果表明 ,火炬松新根的根量密度随时间呈增长趋势 ,在生长季末的 1、2月份达到最大。经过林地土壤干旱处理 (通过建立穿透雨隔离系统 ,阻止雨水到达地面 )的树木的根量密度自 9.3cm处 ,随土壤深度增加呈下降趋势 ,未经干旱处理的树木在离土表 80　 10 0cm深处仍有较高的根量密度 ,达 3.4 8　5 .12条·m- 1,是经干旱处理树木对应土壤层次中根量密度的 10多倍。火炬松从 3月份开始发生新根 ,随后迅速增加 ,至 6月份发生最多 ,然后缓慢减少 ,5　 7月的新根发生数占总量的 4 1.8% ,大部分新根发生在离土表 30cm以内的土壤中。 11个月的干旱处理显著地降低火炬松的根量密度 (1 1条·m- 1,未经干旱处理的为 3 2 7条·m- 1)和新根发生数 (5 7条·株- 1,未经干旱处理的为 15 6条·株 - 1) ,干旱处理还可导致新根推迟 1 0　 1.5个月发生。 5a前在土表撒施化肥似乎对新根的发生和生长没有明显影响     

The establishment and early growth of three leguminous tree species for use in silvopastoral systems of the southeastern USA

Demand for goat meat in the eastern USA is growing as a result of preference by ethnic communities. Meat goat production systems in the southeastern USA should be designed to take advantage of the goats' natural preference for browse. Trees could contribute to system productivity by supplying required nutrients when demand by growing animals is critical and the quality of forage is limited. A field study was established in Wake County, NC to evaluate the establishment and early growth characteristics of three leguminous tree species, Robinia pseudoacacia, Gleditsia triacanthos, and Albizia julibrissin. The three tree species were planted in single-row plots following a randomized complete block design (3 × 2 × 2, replicated six times) with two planting densities (intra-row spacing of 50 or 100 cm) and two coppice heights (25 or 50 cm). Bare-root seedlings were planted in March 1995, evaluated for browse quality (composited samples) in August 1995, coppiced in February 1996, evaluated for herbage mass and quality in July 1996, and evaluated for goat preference in August 1996. Herbage mass produced during the second season ranged from about 200 (G. tricanthos) to 3,200 kg/ha (R. pseudoacacia). Estimates of herbage quality were high for all species. Crude protein and acid detergent fiber of leaflets ranged from 23 to 28% and 12 to 22%, respectively. Robinia pseudoacacia has a high potential as a browse species for goats due to high herbage production (mean of 2,390 kg/ha) and goat preference. Gleditsia triacanthos was judged to be a low value browse species. Albizia julibrissin, although not highly preferred by goats in the trial holds sufficient potential to warrant further investigation. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.