早熟高糖高产甘蔗新品种桂糖30的选育

桂糖30是以粤糖91-976为母本,ROC1为父本,采用经过改良的“五圃制”有性杂交选育程序和技术育成的早熟、高糖、高产、多抗、宿根性好、适应性广的甘蔗新品种。2010年5月通过广西省级审定。在广西2年新植1年宿根区域试验的结果表明,平均甘蔗亩产量为6175公斤,比新台糖16号增产6．17％,与新台糖22号相当。平均甘蔗蔗糖分为15．68％,比新台糖16号增0．69个百分点,比新台糖22号增0．72个百分点;11月份平均甘蔗蔗糖分为14．52％,比新台糖16号增0．44个百分点;比新台糖22号增0．73个百分点;2月份平均甘蔗蔗糖分为16．99％,比新台糖16号增1．2个百分点,比新台糖22号增1．29个百分点。平均甘蔗亩含糖量为948公斤,比新台糖16号增糖11．00％,与新台糖22号相当。适宜广西中等以上肥力的土壤种植。     

甘蔗新品种区试初报

6个甘蔗新品种单点区试结果，闽糖92－505表现最优。其蔗茎产量比CK1（新台糖10号，下同）增产24．9％，比CK2（闽糖70－611，下同）增产24．3％；增产均达极显著；12月上旬蔗糖份17．02％，比CK1高1．92个百分点，比CK2高2．79个百分点，亩含糖量1592公斤，比CK1增糖40．8％，比CK2增48．6％。其次是闽糖92－648，其蔗茎产量比CK1增产16．1％，比CK2增产15．5％，增产均达显著平准，12月上旬蔗糖份16．75％，比CK1高1．65个百分点，比CK2高2．52个百分点；亩含糖量分别比CK1和CK2增加28．6％和35．9％，闽糖92－464位居第三，其蔗茎产量分别比CK1和CK2增产6．7和6．2％，12月上旬蔗糖16．53％，比CK1和CK2分别高出1．43和2．30个百分点。亩含糖量分别比CK1和CK2增加16．8％和23．3％。其余三个品种的综合表现依次为92．142、93－1．19和92－851。这三个品种由于蔗糖茎产量或蔗糖份高，其亩含糖量均比CK1和CK2增糖，增加幅度4．4－17．5％。     

甘蔗新品种引进筛选区域试验结果

2002年至2003年在广西不同蔗区进行甘蔗新品种引进筛选一年新植、一年宿根区域试验，参试品种共8个，以新台糖16号为对照。结果表明：P44、Q141、MEX105三个品种平均667m^2蔗茎产量比对照种新台糖16号增产达20．69％、17．85％、11．81％，田野种、湛江种、增产幅度为3．18％-8．24％，MY55—14、粤糖93／159比对照种新台糖16减幅为0．76％-2．96％；二年共6次蔗糖分分析，除MY55—14平均蔗糖分比对照种新台糖16号下降0．95个百分点外，其它各品种都比对照种新台糖16号提高0．08—1．17个百分点(绝对值，下同)。     

国家第四轮集成示范甘蔗新品种在广西金光农场的表现与种性分析

为了解国家第四轮集成示范甘蔗新品种在广西金光农场的种性表现，为其在生产上的应用提供依据，于2013～2014年在金光农场对来自广西、云南、福建和广东等省区的9个甘蔗新品种进行1 年新植1年宿根的品种比较试验。结果表明，桂糖32号平均蔗茎产量为110.5 t/hm2，比对照种ROC22增产0.3%；产糖量16.36 t/hm2，比ROC22增产4.9%；11月至翌年1月平均蔗糖分为14.81%，比ROC22高0.65个百分点。桂糖31号平均蔗茎产量为112.9 t/hm2，比对照种ROC22增产2.4%；产糖量16.06 t/hm2，比ROC22增产2.9%；11月至翌年1月平均蔗糖分为14.23%，比ROC22高0.03个百分点。这2个品种表现出明显的高产、高糖特性，在宿根性、抗病虫性、抗旱能力和抗机械碾压能力方面明显优于对照种ROC22，其中的桂糖31号抗倒能力明显优于对照种ROC22，可在金光农场和其他同类型蔗区推广种植。桂柳2号和福农41号可作为宿根性好的高糖品种进一步用于试验示范，但应注意防治黑穗病。     

黑亚16号亚麻新品种的选育

黑亚16号是以高纤、抗病、抗倒、早熟的俄罗斯亚麻品种俄-5为供体，以我所育成的优质、高纤、抗旱品种黑亚7号为受体进行DNA导入，于2000年D4代决选出了亚麻新品系D96021-1。经两年鉴定试验和两年区域试验均表现出高纤、优质、抗病、抗倒等优点。2005年生产试验原茎产量5842．3kg／hm^2，比对照增产11．8％；长麻产量986．6kg／hm^2，比对照增产18．1％；全麻1469．7kg／hm^2、比对照增产18．6％；种子产量405．9kg／hm^2，比对照增产15．8％；长麻率20．6％，比对照高0．9个百分点；全麻率30．8％，比对照高1．3个百分点。     

新台糖22号健康种苗田间试验初报

以新台糖22号脱毒健康二代种茎为供试品种、当地非脱毒健康种茎为对照进行对照试验。结果表明:健康种茎萌芽率为81.2%,比对照高10.6个百分点;宿根发株数5928条/亩,比对照增加1576条/亩;分蘖率为93.5%,比对照高33.1个百分点;茎长294.8cm,比对照矮4.3cm;茎径2.66cm,比对照小0.03cm;亩有效茎数5371条,比对照多899条;蔗糖分11-12月平均14.03%,比对照高0.03个百分点;亩产蔗8522.6公斤、亩含糖量1195.7公斤,分别比对照增产15.62%和15.86%。因此,种植脱毒健康种苗具有较高的经济效益。     

甘蔗新品种闽糖88-103生产示范

闽糖88-103系我所1988年以Co1001(闽选703)为母本，崖城82-96为父本杂交选育而成。经多年筛选试验，特别是1995～1996年进行全省性品种区域化试验，平均667m^2(亩)产6724公斤，比对照种闽糖70-611增产31．5％，增产极显著；榨季平均蔗糖分15．00％，比对照种高0．64个百分点。     

甘蔗新品种闽糖92-649中试试验表现

闽糖92—649系福建省农科院甘蔗研究所以新台糖1号为母本、CO1001(闽选703)为父本的杂交组合中选育成的甘蔗新品种。2002年中试结果表明，闽糖92—649每公顷蔗茎产量119．58t、11-1月蔗糖分为14．46％、每公顷含糖量为16．725t，比福建省主栽品种闽糖70-611增产20.14％、蔗糖分提高1．27个百分点、含糖量提高27．7％，比新台糖10号增产47．4％、蔗糖分提高0．73个百分点、含糖量提高56．9％。该品种具丰产高糖、中早熟、宿根性好、抗逆性强等特点。     

甘蔗优良新品系桂糖90-95

甘蔗优良新品系桂糖90-95稳产、高产，中熟、高糖。1993-2001年先后参加了品种比较试验，广西和国家甘蔗品种区域试验，结果三个试验阶段新植和宿根的平均蔗茎产量均相当接近，平均产蔗量在5664-6029公斤/667米^2，新植和宿根平均667米^2的产蔗量依次为6007公斤、5694公斤和5848公斤，比桂糖11增产43.5％、8.7％和19.6％。12月份的平均蔗糖分为14.98％，略低于桂糖11；1月份平均为15.97％，比桂糖11高0.55个百分点；全期平均蔗糖分，除了品比阶段的蔗糖分低于桂糖11外，其它阶段均高于桂糖11，三个阶段总平均为15.24％，比桂糖11高0.29个百分点。三个试验阶段新植和宿根平均667米^2含糖量依次为953.9公斤、805.1公斤和873.7公斤，比桂糖42.2％、10.0％和25.4％。此外，该品种的抗倒、耐旱、耐寒及抗病虫能力均较强。     

1999～2000年广西甘蔗品种筛选试验总结

在广西甘蔗研究所内进行广西第一轮甘蔗品种筛选试验，经过两年新植一年宿根的试验，结果：巴西45号、桂糖92/27、桂辐90/10、粤糖92/373和粤糖91/976均比对照品种桂糖11号增产增糖，其中，中早熟品种桂糖92/27表现突出，其蔗茎产量比桂糖11号增加28.1%，居参试品种第二位；11月中旬的平均蔗糖分为13.92%，与桂糖11号相仿，成熟高峰期为17.49%，比桂糖11号高1.04个百分点，含糖量增产29.1%，跃居第一位，从蔗茎产量、蔗糖分、抗逆性等性状综合分析结果，建议将巴西45号、桂糖92/27和粤糖92/373提升进入区域试验。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。