Responses of labile soil organic carbon and enzyme activity in mineral soils to forest conversion in the subtropics

Aims

Globally, extensive areas of native forest have been almost replaced by plantations to meet the demands for timber, fuel material and other forest products. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of forest conversion on labile soil organic C (SOC), soil respiration, and enzyme activity, and to quantify their relationship in subtropical forest ecosystems.

Methods

Surface mineral soil (0–20 cm) was collected from a Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook. plantation, Pinus massoniana Lamb. plantation, Michelia macclurei Dandy plantation, and an undisturbed native broadleaf forest. Soil microbial biomass C, dissolved organic C, permanganate-oxidizable C, basal respiration, and six enzyme activities were investigated.

Results

Soil microbial biomass C was higher by 45.9 % in native broadleaf forest than that in M. macclurei Dandy plantation. The ratio of soil microbial biomass C to total SOC was 27.6 % higher in the M. macclurei Dandy plantation than in the native broadleaf forest. The soil respiration increased by 25.2 % and 21.7 % after conversion from native broadleaf forest to P. massoniana Lamb. and M. macclurei Dandy plantations respectively. The effects of forest conversion on the soil enzyme activities differed among the tree species. Soil microbial biomass C had higher correlation with soil respiration than with the other SOC fractions. Moreover, soil microbial biomass C was positively correlated with urease and negatively correlated with cellulase activity. Soil respiration had higher correlation with soil microbial biomass C, dissolved organic C and permanganate-oxidizable C.

Conclusion

Forest conversion affected the soil microbial biomass C, soil respiration, invertase, cellulase, urease, catalase, acid phosphatase, and polyphenol oxidase activities, but their response depended on tree species. Soil respiration was mainly controlled by labile SOC, not by total SOC.     

Soil microbiological properties and enzyme activity in Ginkgo–tea agroforestry compared with monoculture

Agroforestry practice is believed to be an effective means of maintaining and improving soil fertility, and is widely used by farmers around the world. To gain better understanding of the effects of agroforestry practice on soil fertility, the organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, microbial biomass, basal respiration, and activity of soil enzymes at three soil depths (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm) of Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)–tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) agroforestry systems were investigated. Study plots were established in Yushan Farm in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, China. These involved two densities of Ginkgo trees mixed with tea (G₁ and G₂) and monoculture tea systems (G₀). The results showed that C, N, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity were higher in surface soil than in soil from the middle and lower layers whereas pH and metabolic quotient increased with soil depth. pH, microbial biomass C, N, basal respiration, and catalase and invertase activity in the 0–10 cm layer were significantly lower for G₀ than for G₁ and G₂. Polyphenoloxidase activity in the 0–10 cm layer was significantly lower for G₂ than for G₀ and G₁. Metabolic quotient in the 20–30 cm layer was significantly higher for G₀ than for G₂. The activity of soil enzymes, including catalase, dehydrogenase, urease, protease, and invertase, significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon and total nitrogen. The results of this study suggest that growing tea with Ginkgo could be regarded as good agroforestry practice which could enhance accumulation of organic matter in soil, improve the activity of soil enzymes, and maintain soil productivity and sustainability.     

Rhizosphere and bulk soil enzyme activities in a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nothotsuga longibracteata</Emphasis> forest in the Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve,Fujian Province,China

The rhizosphere, distinct from bulk soil, is defined as the volume of soil around living roots and influenced by root activities. We investigated protease, invertase, cellulase, urease, and acid phosphatase activities in rhizosphere and bulk soils of six Nothotsuga longibracteata forest communities within Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve, including N. longibracteata + either Phyllostachys pubescens, Schima superba, Rhododendron simiarum, Cunninghamia lanceolata, or Cyclobalanopsis glauca, and N. longibracteata pure forest. Rhizosphere soils possessed higher protease, invertase, cellulase, urease, and acid phosphatase activities than bulk soils. The highest invertase, urease, and acid phosphatase activities were observed in rhizosphere samples of N. longibracteata + S. superba. Protease was highest in the N. longibracteata + R. simiarum rhizosphere, while cellulase was highest in the pure N. longibracteata forest rhizosphere. All samples exhibited obvious rhizosphere effects on enzyme activities with a significant linear correlation between acid phosphatase and cellulase activities (p < 0.05) in rhizosphere soils and between protease and acid phosphatase activities (p < 0.05) in bulk soils. A principal component analysis, correlating 13 soil chemical properties indices relevant to enzyme activities, showed that protease, invertase, acid phosphatase, total N, and cellulase were the most important variables impacting rhizosphere soil quality.     

不同林龄湿地松林土壤酶活性与土壤养分特征

以大鹤国有防护林场3种不同林龄(15、23、34 a)的湿地松林为研究对象,研究了不同林龄湿地松林土壤酶活性及其养分含量变化特征。结果表明:土壤pH值随着林龄增加呈先降低后升高,随着土层深度的增加逐渐升高。随着林龄的增长,土壤有机质先增加后降低;土壤水解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量逐渐降低。土壤中的脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性随林龄的增长逐渐降低;酸性磷酸酶活性仅在表层土随着林龄的增长逐渐降低,而随着土层的加深表现为先增长后降低。土壤养分和酶活性随土层深度的变化均存在显著性变化。相关分析表明,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶均与土壤有机质、水解氮、有效磷和速效钾存在极显著正相关(P<0.01),多酚氧化酶与速效钾呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。滨海地区湿地松在林龄较低阶段土壤养分较为充足,随着林龄的增长,土壤肥力逐渐下降,不利于森林可持续发展。     

林地覆盖对雷竹土壤微生物及酶活性的影响

以崇阳雷竹林分为研究对象,通过设置标准地,调查研究了林地覆盖对雷竹土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的影响,结果表明:土壤微生物数量具有明显的季节性变化特征,各类微生物数量变化的趋势一致,冬季数量最低,夏季最高。季节性林地覆盖对土壤固氮菌数量的影响不显著,对土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌、固氮菌及氨化菌数量的影响均极显著。林地覆盖对雷竹林地土壤蔗糖酶活性影响极显著,在林地未覆盖条件下土壤蔗糖酶水解作用更强,林地覆盖抑制了蔗糖酶的水解作用。林地覆盖对土壤脲酶活性影响极显著,林地覆盖能显著地提高脲酶活性。林地覆盖对土壤蛋白酶的影响极显著,林地覆盖提升蛋白酶活性,使土壤有效氮含量增大。林地覆盖在一定程度上提高了土壤肥力。     

Rhizosphere and bulk soil enzyme activities in a Nothotsuga longibracteata forest in the Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve,Fujian Province,China

The rhizosphere, distinct from bulk soil, is defined as the volume of soil around living roots and influenced by root activities. We investigated protease,invertase, cellulase, urease, and acid phosphatase activities in rhizosphere and bulk soils of six Nothotsuga longibracteata forest communities within Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve, including N. longibracteata + either Phyllostachys pubescens, Schima superba, Rhododendron simiarum, Cunninghamia lanceolata, or Cyclobalanopsis glauca, and N. longibracteata pure forest. Rhizosphere soils possessed higher protease, invertase, cellulase, urease,and acid phosphatase activities than bulk soils. The highest invertase, urease, and acid phosphatase activities were observed in rhizosphere samples of N. longibracteata+ S.superba. Protease was highest in the N. longibracteata + R. simiarum rhizosphere, while cellulase was highest in the pure N. longibracteata forest rhizosphere.All samples exhibited obvious rhizosphere effects on enzyme activities with a significant linear correlation between acid phosphatase and cellulase activities(p \ 0.05) in rhizosphere soils and between protease and acid phosphatase activities(p \ 0.05) in bulk soils. A principal component analysis, correlating 13 soil chemical properties indices relevant to enzyme activities, showed that protease, invertase, acid phosphatase, total N, and cellulase were the most important variables impacting rhizosphere soil quality.     

Microbial biomass and activity along a natural pH gradient in forest soils in a karst region of the upper Yangtze River,China

Mountain closure, considered an effective and economic measure for natural restoration of degraded forest ecosystems, has been widely carried out in the karst region of southwest China. The aim of this study was to evaluate microbial aspects of soil quality after mountain closure by analyzing soil microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, and relationships with basic chemical properties in Guizhou Province, a karst region of the upper Yangtze River. Soil quality was considered poor from the low levels of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and microbial quotient (MBC/total C and MBN/total N), but high metabolic quotient (qCO₂). Soil pH, showing marked variation from 4.1 to 7.9 in this karst region, was proved to significantly affect soil microbial biomass and activity. Soil microbial biomass, microbial quotient, and soil basal respiration declined significantly with decreasing soil pH, while qCO₂ showed an apparently increasing, but not statistically significant, trend. The changes in microbial biomass and activity following the change in soil pH could possibly be because of a change in soil microbial composition, and more detailed research is necessary. Compared with soil pH, soil organic matter content was another, more important, factor that directly restricted microbial growth because of the serious loss as a result of disturbance. As a practical application based on microbial aspects, introduction of some N-fixing tree species may be an active and effective measure to improve soil fertility and thus to accelerate restoration of the forest ecosystem in the karst region.     

Canonical correlation analysis of soil nutrients, microorganisms and enzyme activities in vegetation restoration areas of degraded and eroded soils in northwestern Hunan Province, China

With the aid of canonical correlation analysis, the relations among soil nutrients, soil microorganisms, and soil enzyme activities were studied in vegetation restoration areas of degraded and eroded soils in the Nverzhai watershed in northwestern Hunan. The main results were as follows: the key factors in soil nutrients, microorganisms, and enzyme activities were N and P elements, number of bacteria, carbon and nitrogen in soil microbial biomass and the activities of urease, polyphenol oxidase, phosphatase, and invertase. The activities of urease and polyphenol oxidase are related to the inversion of N and P elements that had important impact on the accumulation of carbon and nitrogen in soil microbial biomass. Moreover, the activities of urease, polyphenol oxidase, and phosphatase could promote carbon accumulation in microbial biomass; however, invertase activities inhibited the accumulation of microbial biomass nitrogen. On the other hand, urease activities were beneficial to the N element content in soils but unfavorable for P elements. There is a negative relation between polyphenol oxidase activity and N element content. For every canonical variable group, the tendencies of soil nutrients, microorganisms, and enzyme activities to accumulate in different soil layers in different vegetation restoration communities could offer some scientific basis for the diagnosis of the health of the soil and the site type division in the process of vegetation restoration.     

Effects of continuous nitrogen addition on microbial properties and soil organic matter in a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Larix gmelinii</Emphasis> plantation in China

Continuous increases in anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition are likely to change soil microbial properties, and ultimately to affect soil carbon (C) storage. Temperate plantation forests play key roles in C sequestration, yet mechanisms underlying the influences of N deposition on soil organic matter accumulation are poorly understood. This study assessed the effect of N addition on soil microbial properties and soil organic matter distribution in a larch (Larix gmelinii) plantation. In a 9-year experiment in the plantation, N was applied at 100 kg N ha^?1 a^?1 to study the effects on soil C and N mineralization, microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and C and N in soil organic matter density fractions, and organic matter chemistry. The results showed that N addition had no influence on C and N contents in whole soil. However, soil C in different fractions responded to N addition differently. Soil C in light fractions did not change with N addition, while soil C in heavy fractions increased significantly. These results suggested that more soil C in heavy fractions was stabilized in the N-treated soils. However, microbial biomass C and N and phenol oxidase activity decreased in the N-treated soils and thus soil C increased in heavy fractions. Although N addition reduced microbial biomass and phenol oxidase activity, it had little effect on soil C mineralization, hydrolytic enzyme activities, δ¹³C value in soil and C–H stretch, carboxylates and amides, and C–O stretch in soil organic matter chemistry measured by Fourier transform infrared spectra. We conclude that N addition (1) altered microbial biomass and activity without affecting soil C in light fractions and (2) resulted in an increase in soil C in heavy fractions and that this increase was controlled by phenol oxidase activity and soil N availability.     

Response of nitrogen mineralization dynamics and biochemical properties to litter amendments to soils of a poplar plantation

Understanding the impact of plant litters on soil nitrogen(N) dynamics could facilitate development of management strategies that promote plantation ecosystem function.Our objective was to evaluate the effects of different litter types on N mineralization and availability,microbial biomass, and activities of L-asparaginase and odiphenol oxidase(o-DPO) in soils of a poplar(Populus deltoides) plantation through 24 weeks of incubation experiments.The tested litters included foliage(F), branch(B), or root(R) of poplar trees, and understory vegetation(U) or a mixture of F, B, and U(M).Litter amendments led to rapid N immobilization during the first 4 weeks of incubation, while net N mineralization was detected in all tested soils from 6 to 24 weeks of incubation, with zeroorder reaction rate constants(k) ranging from 7.7 to9.6 mg N released kg~(-1) soil wk~(-1).Moreover, litter addition led to increased microbial biomass carbon(C) 49–128% and increased MBC:MBN ratio by 5–92%,strengthened activities of L-asparaginase and o-DPO by14–74%; Up to about 37 kg N ha~(-1) net increase in mineralized N in litter added soils during 24 weeks of incubation suggests that adequate poplar and understory litter management could lead to reduced inputs while facilitate sustainable and economic viable plantation production.     

辽东山区次生林土壤酶对土壤微生物呼吸的影响

以蒙古栎（Quercus mongolica）林、杂木林和胡桃楸（Juglans mandshurica）林3种天然次生林土壤为研究对象,通过生长季节内表层土壤（0～30 cm ）淀粉酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶活性以及土壤微生物呼吸速率的测定,探讨了辽东山区土壤酶活性与土壤微生物呼吸之间的关系。结果表明：辽东山区蒙古栎林、杂木林、胡桃楸林土壤酶活性与土壤微生物呼吸具有一定的季节波动,但相关性不显著。除胡桃楸林微生物呼吸与过氧化氢酶活性之间具有显著关系外,蒙古栎林和杂木林微生物呼吸与4种酶活性之间均无显著相关性。研究结果为进一步系统了解辽东山区次生林植物群落土壤碳循环过程提供了参考。     

不同海拔毛竹土壤酶活性与土壤理化性质关系的研究

以江西省大岗山地区的毛竹林为研究对象,利用相关分析和主成分分析对不同海拔(300、400、500、600、700m)土壤纤维素酶、蔗糖酶、淀粉酶、β-葡糖苷酶和多酚氧化酶活性的变化特征进行了分析,探讨了其与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明:土壤化学指标表现出随海拔的升高而增加的变化特征,除碱解氮外,其他各指标均处于较低水平,但物理指标的变化各不相同;随海拔升高,β-葡糖苷酶与多酚氧化酶活性呈现出增加的趋势,而纤维素酶、蔗糖酶和淀粉酶活性无明显变化规律;几种土壤酶对土壤肥力的指示效果不同,β-葡糖苷酶在评价毛竹林土壤肥力上具有重要指示效果,其后依次为蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶、纤维素酶,但淀粉酶不适宜用来评价土壤肥力状况;通过主成分分析计算综合得分,不同海拔毛竹土壤肥力随海拔的升高而增加。     

毛竹林覆盖经营对土壤养分含量、酶活性及微生物生物量的影响

【目的】探讨覆盖经营(稻草+竹叶+砻糠)毛竹林的退化原因,此期为退化毛竹林恢复提供理论参考。【方法】选择不同覆盖年限(1,2和3年)毛竹林,以未覆盖毛竹林作对照,分别测定0～40 cm土层的土壤pH值、养分含量、酶活性及微生物生物量。【结果】随着毛竹林覆盖年限增加,土壤pH值降低(即土壤酸化);土壤有机质含量呈升高趋势;土壤全氮、全磷、全钾含量表现为逐渐升高的变化规律,均显著高于未覆盖毛竹林(P<0.05);土壤速效养分(碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾)含量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,以覆盖1年的最高,且显著高于未覆盖毛竹林(P<0.05),覆盖3年后显著低于未覆盖毛竹林(P<0.05);土壤C/N和N/P随覆盖年限增加逐渐升高,N/K先升高后降低,而P/K呈逐渐降低趋势;土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,以覆盖1年的最高;土壤蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性则呈逐渐降低趋势;土壤微生物生物量呈现先升高后降低的趋势,以覆盖1年的最高;细菌、放线菌生物量与微生物生物量表现出一致的变化规律,真菌生物量则逐渐升高;好氧细菌生物量先升高后降低,覆盖3年后显著低于未覆盖毛竹林(P<0.05);真菌与细菌的生物量比值呈先降低后升高的趋势,但覆盖1年后与未覆盖毛竹林间差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】与覆盖1年毛竹林相比,长期连续覆盖经营导致土壤酸化明显,养分比例失衡,酶活性逐渐降低,土壤微生物区系发生变化,从而导致土壤劣变,竹林退化。生产中建议采用休养式覆盖经营模式,即隔年覆盖(覆盖1年休养1年),同时,在自然出笋时要及时清除覆盖物并减少残留量,还需合理使用化肥。     

The effects of vegetation restoration strategies and seasons on soil enzyme activities in the Karst landscapes of Yunnan,southwest China

Soil enzymes play a vital role in biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem functions. In this study, we examined the response of six soil enzymes to changes in physicochemical properties resulting from changes in season and vegetation and geological conditions. Catalase,urease, acid phosphatase, invertase, amylase, and cellulase not only promote carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling, but also participate in the decomposition of harmful substances. Thirty-six soil samples were collected from karst and non-karst areas in two different seasons and from three different types of vegetation in Yunnanprovince, southwest China. Both vegetation types and season had significant effects on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities. In the same plot, soil water content, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus increased in the rainy season, indicating enhanced microbial metabolic activity.With the exception of urease activity, the remaining five enzymes showed higher activity in the rainy season.Changes in activities between the two seasons were significant in all samples. In the same season, activity levels of soil enzymes were higher in karst areas than in non-karst areas, and higher in natural forest than in artificial forests.The transformative abilities of soil elements are higher in karst areas than in non-karst areas, and higher in natural forests than in artificial forests. Correlation analysis showed that the activities of the six enzymes correlated significantly; however, soil physical and chemical indices,such as organic matter, p H, and moisture, which are essential for enzyme activity, differed by season. Redundancy analysis also revealed that the main factors influencing enzyme activity differed between the two seasons.The results from this study provide a theoretical basis for further research on the restoration of natural ecological systems in karst landscapes.     

复合经营模式对土壤酶活性的影响

采样分析不同耕作模式的土壤酶活性和肥力因子,结果表明:所有模式的土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶的季节变化趋势一致,复合经营模式的土壤肥力和酶活性高于单种作物土壤。将土壤酶活性和土壤肥力因子进行相关分析,结果表明:蔗糖酶活性与有机质(r=0.558 7)含量极显著正相关;过氧化氢酶活性与全钾(r=0.524 7)和水解性氮(r=0.442 5)含量极显著正相关;多酚氧化酶活性与有机质(r=-0.577 9)、全氮(r=-0.619 7)和全磷(r=-0.638 5)含量均极显著负相关;脲酶活性与有机质(r=0.908 5)、速效钾(r=0.900 6)、全氮(r=0.843 5)、水解性氮(r=0.796 5)、速效磷(r=0.763 0)和全钾(r=0.676 4)含量均达到极显著正相关水平。     

Impacts of low-intensity prescribed fire on microbial and chemical soil properties in a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus frainetto</Emphasis> forest

Prescribed fire is a common economical and effective forestry practice, and therefore it is important to understand the effects of fire on soil properties for better soil management. We investigated the impacts of low-intensity prescribed fire on the microbial and chemical properties of the top soil in a Hungarian oak (Quercus frainetto Ten.) forest. The research focused on microbial soil parameters (microbial soil respiration (R_SM), soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and metabolic quotient (qCO₂) and chemical topsoil properties (soil acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), C/N ratio and exchangeable cations). Mean annual comparisons show significant differences in four parameters (C/N ratio, soil pH, Cmic and qCO₂) while monthly comparisons do not reveal any significant differences. Soil pH increased slightly in the burned plots and had a significantly positive correlation with exchangeable cations Mg, Ca, Mn and K. The mean annual C/N ratio was significantly higher in the burned plots (28.5:1) than in the control plots (27.0:1). The mean annual Cmic (0.6 mg g^?1) was significantly lower although qCO₂ (2.5 µg CO₂–C mg Cmic h^?1) was significantly higher, likely resulting from the microbial response to fire-induced environmental stress. Low-intensity prescribed fire caused very short-lived changes. The annual mean values of C/N ratio, pH, Cmic and qCO₂ showed significant differences.     

黔中地区一、二代马尾松人工林土壤微生物数量及生物活性研究

由于人工林面积的不断扩大和人类经营措施的不合理,致使世界范围内人工林地力衰退现象十分严重.我国主要造林树种杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.) Hook)、落叶松(Larix spp.)、桉树(Eucalyptus spp.)等存在地力衰退现象[1-4],其中田大伦[5]、杨玉盛[6]、叶绍明[7]等分别对杉木、桉树连栽进行了较深入研究,得出连栽林地土壤理化性质、林下植物、枯落物生物量及养分循环等有下降趋势.     

荧光假单胞菌与红绒盖牛肝菌共接种对杨树根际土壤酶活性及微生物多样性的影响

【目的】探究荧光假单胞菌与红绒盖牛肝菌共接种条件下NL-895杨根际土壤酶活性和土壤微生物功能多样性的变化,从微生态水平揭示溶磷细菌与外生菌根真菌互作对NL-895杨的促生机制。【方法】采用盆栽试验考察荧光假单胞菌JW-JS1与红绒盖牛肝菌(Xc)共接种后NL-895杨根际土壤酶(酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶和转化酶)的活性变化,并通过BIOLOG微孔板法分析共接种对NL-895杨根际土壤微生物群落和功能多样性的影响。【结果】从整体趋势来看,不同接种处理后NL-895杨根际土壤酶活性均有所增强,土壤酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶和转化酶活性均大于对照,其中,共接种JW-JS1+Xc处理对土壤酸性磷酸酶和转化酶活性的促进最为明显;接种150天后,不同接种处理土壤微生物的AWCD值均高于CK(培养24～48 h除外),且随着培养时间的延长呈先上升后稳定的趋势;培养96 h后,共接种JW-JS1+Xc处理土壤微生物McIntosh优势度指数和碳源利用丰富度指数显著高于单接种Xc或JW-JS1和CK(P<0.05),而Shannon丰富度指数和Simpson优势度指数显著低于单接种Xc或JW-JS1和CK(P<0.05);不同接种处理NL-895杨根际土壤微生物对BIOLOG微孔板中6大类碳源的利用能力差异显著(P<0.05)。【结论】荧光假单胞菌JW-JS1与外生菌根真菌Xc共接种对NL-895杨根际土壤酶活性和土壤微生物功能多样性的提高具有一定的促进作用,有利于其土壤肥力的改善,进而促进NL-895杨的生长。与单接种相比,溶磷细菌与外生菌根真菌共接种可更有效地提高杨树根际土壤酶活性和土壤微生物多样性。     

杉木根际与非根际土壤酶活性比较

杉木根际与非根际土壤酶活性比较陈ｆ竣（中国林业科学研究院林业研究所北京１０００９１）李传涵（华中农业大学土化系武汉４３００７０）关键词杉木,根际土壤,土壤酶,杉木中毒由于林木生长的影响,使得林木根际土壤ｐＨ值、养分含量、微生物数目、生化活性等性质发生...