Inflammation and herpes simplex virus: release of a chemotaxis-generating factor from infected cells

Infection of primary rabbit kidney cells with herpes simplex virus leads to the release of a cell factor or factors that upon incubation with serum results in the cleavage of the fifth component, C5, of complement. The product of this cleavage, C5a, is chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes and could be responsible for the accumulation of these cells at the site of herpetic lesions.     

Inactivation of Penicillins G and K by Liver and Kidney

The inactivation of penicillin K is more rapid in the renal-ligated rabbit than in the renal-ligated, eviscerate preparation. Inactivation of penicillin K occurs in the presence of surviving liver and kidney slices. Small amounts of penicillin G were inactivated by liver slices; larger amounts disappeared in the presence of kidney slices. The inactivation of penicillin K in the presence of rabbit liver and kidney slices is demonstrable anaerobically as well as aerobically.     

氧自由基在肾小球肾炎发病机制中的意义

复制抗基底膜性肾小球肾炎动物模型。测量肾组织内ＭＤＡ含量和ＳＯＤ活力，并观察其形态学变化，结果显示，肾小球肾炎动物模型复制成功，图像测量分析发现共肾小球基底膜平均厚度增高；肾炎时肾组织ＭＤＡ含量升高，ＳＯＤ活力下降，表明：氧自由基在抗基底膜性肾小球肾炎发病机制中有重要意义。     

LC-MS/MS方法检测家兔组织中的灰黄霉素

本研究建立了家兔组织中灰黄霉素的高效液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。将灰黄霉素标准液按一定量加入到肝、肾、肌肉、皮肤及脑组织的匀浆中,以盐酸普萘洛尔为内标,采用二氯甲烷萃取法进行提取,用LC-MS/MS法进行灰黄霉素的组织浓度测定。结果表明,家兔肌肉、肾及肝中灰黄霉素含量的检测线性范围为1.08～249 ng/mL,皮肤、脑组织中灰黄霉素含量的检测线性范围为1.08～51.87 ng/mL;肌肉、肝、肾、皮肤和脑组织中灰黄霉素的定量检测下限为1.08 ng/mL。本研究建立的LC-MS/MS可用于家兔组织中灰黄霉素的检测。     

不同营养类型日粮添加外源酶对断奶仔兔内源消化酶活性的影响

选择35日龄的断奶仔兔40只,随机分成4组,每组10只。日粮营养分为3个类型,即标准型(粗蛋白17%,粗纤维12%)、低蛋白型(粗蛋白15.5%,粗纤维12%)和高纤维型(粗蛋白17%,粗纤维13.5%),3种日粮添加国产兔用复合酶,以标准营养(空白)作为对照。结果表明:采用加酶日粮可使十二指肠、空肠淀粉酶活性略有提高,但无显著影响,而盲肠淀粉酶活性有不同程度的下降趋势,标准型日粮组空肠淀粉酶活性比对照提高27.59%,差异显著(P<0.05)。加酶日粮组幼兔空肠、盲肠的胰蛋白酶活性呈升高趋势。外源酶可显著增强幼兔盲肠食糜的纤维素酶活性,盲肠纤维素酶活性显著高于十二指肠,标准和低蛋白型日粮条件下,盲肠纤维素酶活性比对照有显著提高(P<0.05)。加酶日粮幼兔空肠、盲肠乳糖酶活性呈升高趋势,但无显著影响。不同类型日粮对肠道酶活性没有显著影响。     

家兔家犬与小鼠内脏及血容量参数测定

对家兔４４只、家犬３１只、小白鼠３０只的血容量及内脏参数作了测定，结果见表。兔除肝脏外各脏器占体重的百分率、胃容积、血容量及肠管长度的性别差异不显著。兔肺．肝和肾，犬肾和肝占体重百分率跟体重成负相关、兔小肠、盲肠、阑尾、结肠、胃容积．犬肠和胃容积，小鼠胃容积均跟体重成正相关。其余各性状跟体重均无相关关系。     

不同日月龄兔感染RHDV后圆小囊的比较病理学观察

为探讨圆小囊在免体全身抗感染免疫中的功能作用，采用组织病理学及免疫组织化学方法，对比观察了2日龄、1月龄及2月龄实验免感染RHDV后圆小囊的病理变化，同时采用ELISA方法对实验兔的血清及肝、肾、脾中的RHDV含量进行了测定，重点对实验兔圆小囊黏膜上皮内淋巴细胞(IEL)进行了统计比较，结果显示：2月龄以内兔人工感染RHDV后，临症表现、剖检及组织病理学观察均未见异常。血清及RHDV的靶器官肝、脾、肾中均未检测出RHDV抗原。2月龄以上兔感染RHDV后，无论从临床症状，还是大体剖检，组织病理学观察，均出现了明显的病理学改变，而且感染后血清RHDV抗原检测呈阳性反应。圆小囊、肝、脾、肾等组织器官都呈现RHDV免疫组化强阳性反应。2月龄以内的乳兔及仔兔感染RHDV后，圆小囊虽未出现明显的形态结构改变，免疫组化染色也未见RHDV抗原阳性反应物，但IEL明显增多，2日龄兔IEL由1．2％增加到4．2％；1月龄兔的IEL由10．1％增加到26．1％。1月龄仔兔还表现出固有层中淋巴细胞明显增多。     

人及兔醛化红细胞的制备和应用

[目的]用4种血型的人醛化红细胞测定植物凝集素(PHA)的活性,并用标准抗血清对血型进行复查。同时初步探讨兔醛化红细胞对植物凝集素(PHA)凝集活性的测定效果。[方法]将新鲜的人A、B、O、AB型血以及兔血进行红细胞的提取并醛化,然后用抗A和抗B血清测定醛化后的人红细胞的血型,并用醛化的人的4种血型的红细胞悬液以及兔的醛化红细胞悬液对植物凝集素进行效价的测定。[结果]醛化后的人的4种血型的红细胞仍保持原血型不变,并且可以与植物凝集素发生凝集反应,结果与用新鲜血浆测定的效价一致。用兔醛化红细胞悬液也测定出同样的植物凝集素效价,且灵敏度与用人的醛化红细胞悬液测定相同。[结论]醛化的人的4种血型的红细胞以及兔醛化红细胞不仅未改变其表面的抗原,而且均可用于对植物凝集素的效价测定,同时具有保存时间长的优点。从降低成本的角度考虑,也可采用兔的醛化红细胞血液对植物凝集素进行效价测定。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒变异株DB4的分离鉴定

从东北养鸡场分离到DB4鸡传染性支气管炎病毒毒株,对其进行了动物回归、生物学特性、电镜观察与S1基因的序列分析等研究。结果表明：DB4能够凝集鸡的红细胞,形态为典型的冠状病毒粒子,鸡胚半数感染量为10^-6.7 EID50,动物回归感染死亡鸡肾脏病变明显,表现肾脏肿大、花斑肾,DB4毒株S1基因由1620个核苷酸组成,推导的多肽由540个氨基酸残基组成,氨基酸切割识别位点序列为HRRRR,序列分析发现：DB4与国内疫苗株YM_W93和标准株M41氨基酸同源性分别为77．2％和77．3％,确定该分离毒株为致肾脏病变的变异型IBV。     

Interferon induction: tool for establishing interactions among homopolyribonucleotides

Hitherto unrecognized interactions between homopolyribonucleotides and complexes thereof are suggested by interferon induction data obtained in a highly sensitive assay system of primary rabbit kidney cell cultures superinduced by metabolic inhibitors.     

64排CTU联合CTA对肾脏疾病的诊断价值

目的探讨多排螺旋CT尿路成像(CTU)联合CT动脉成像(CTA)在诊断肾脏疾病中的应用价值。方法对30例怀疑肾脏疾病患者,进行常规泌尿系统平扫、CTA扫描、增强扫描及CTU扫描,获得CTA及CTU图像,进行图像后处理,包括多平面重组(MPR)、曲面重组(CPR)、容积再现(VR)及最大密度投影(MIP)等。结果 30例患者中肾脏肿瘤10例,先天性畸形5例,肾脏结石6例,肾结核6例,肾盂旁囊肿3例。CTA可以显示肾血管性病变;CTU可以检出集合系统病变,如结石、肾孟旁囊肿、集合系统肿瘤和肿瘤样病变等。结论 CTU后处理技术可清晰直观地显示泌尿系统的解剖结构,结合常规轴位图像可准确显示肾脏病变的部位、形态、大小、性质及与周围组织的解剖关系。CTU联合CTA可以更加直观地显示肾血管系统和肾集合系统,为肾脏疾病的影像学诊断提供有价值的信息,对临床外科手术具有良好的指导意义。     

Endothelial expression of a mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule during atherogenesis

An inducible rabbit endothelial adhesion molecule that is selective for mononuclear leukocytes has been identified. This adhesion protein was expressed on the surface of activated cultured endothelium in two forms, 118 and 98 kilodaltons, the amino-terminal sequence of each being highly homologous to human VCAM-1. In dietary hypercholesterolemic and Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit models of atherosclerosis, this adhesion molecule was found to be expressed in a localized fashion by aortic endothelium that overlies early foam cell lesions. This lesion-localized expression suggests a potential endothelium-dependent mechanism for mononuclear leukocyte recruitment during atherogenesis and may provide a molecular marker for early atherosclerosis.     

欧洲鳗鲡免疫球蛋白阳性细胞的组织化学定位与分布特点

采用蛋白A亲和层析法分离纯化欧洲鳗鲡(Anguilla anguila,欧鳗)血清免疫球蛋白(Ig),制备其特异性兔抗血清,并运用免疫组织化学技术研究了嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)感染的试验组鳗鲡和未经感染的对照组鳗鲡脾脏、肾脏和肝脏Ig阳性(Ig )细胞定位与分布特点.结果表明:纯化后的Ig经SDS-PAGE检测含有分子质量约68 ku重链和26 ku轻链的2条清晰蛋白条带,由其制备的兔抗Ig血清效价达1:51 200.对照组欧鳗脾脏Ig 细胞数较少,肾脏相对较多,肝脏未发现.试验组欧鳗脾脏Ig 细胞数量明显比对照组增多,肾脏中有所增多但不明显,肝脏中未发现.在试验组和对照组中,黑色素巨噬细胞在脾脏和肾脏中均见明显聚集并与淋巴细胞形成黑色素巨噬细胞中心(melano-macrophage centres,MMCs),其中脾脏MMCs多数位于血管附近,脾脏Ig 细胞均主要分布在MMCs及其周边,且在试验组中数量多而密集,而肾脏Ig 细胞在对照组中明显分布于MMCs及其周边,但在试验组不明显.与对照组相比,试验组中脾脏和肾脏黑色素巨噬细胞数量和体积均有明显增多.试验结果说明欧鳗肾脏和脾脏是具有Ig 细胞的重要免疫器官,其中黑色素巨噬细胞数量和体积变化与免疫应答过程密切相关.     

8-Arginine]-vasopressinoic acid: an inhibitor of rabbit kidney adenyl cyclase

Neurohypophyseal hormnones and several synthetic analogs stimulate adenyl cyclase prepared from rabbit kidney medullary tissue. [8-Arginine]-vasopressinoic acid inhibits the stimulation of medullary adenyl cyclase by neurohypophyseal peptides but does not influence the action of parathyroid hormone on adenyl cyclase from kidiney cortex.     

Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) as an essential mediator in murine cerebral malaria

Tumor necrosis factor, or cachectin (TNF-alpha), a protein with a wide range of biological activities, is produced mainly by macrophages and may be important in inflammatory processes. The role of TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria was investigated in a murine model. Most CBA mice infected with Plasmodium berghei anka die between days 6 and 14 with acute neurological manifestations unrelated to the level of parasitemia, whereas mice of some other strains have malaria of the same severity that ends in death after 3 to 4 weeks without neurological manifestations. The activity of serum TNF-alpha was considerably increased in CBA/Ca mice with cerebral malaria but not in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice that did not develop this complication. One injection of rabbit antibody to TNF-alpha on day 4 or 7 fully protected infected mice from cerebral malaria without modifying the parasitemia, whereas immunoglobulins from normal rabbit had no effect. In mice with cerebral malaria, the cerebral vessels showed focal accumulations of packed macrophages often containing infected erythrocytes; this lesion was not seen in mice treated with antibody to TNF-alpha or in untreated mice without cerebral malaria. These findings indicate that TNF-alpha has an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria in this murine model and suggest that local accumulation and activation of macrophages may lead to the predominance of lesions in the central nervous system.     

“兔病毒性出血症”组织灭活苗的研制和应用

本文报告了“兔病毒性出血症”(俗称兔瘟)组织灭活苗的研制程序、测试结果和应用效果。本苗是用人工感染兔的肝、脾和肾的5%组织匀浆中加入0.25%福马林溶液(最后浓度 V/V),37℃灭活96小时而制成的。本苗的安全性可靠,免疫原性良好。兔肌注射0.5毫升,7天产生免疫力,近期保护率100%,6个月的保护率87.5%。普通冰箱内的保存期半年。在大田等十几个县市预防接种8万余头兔,取得了很好的效果。     

雀鹰肾脏的组织结构观察及AQP-2、EGF和TGF-β_2在肾脏中的表达

利用切片法观察了雀鹰(Accipiter nisus)肾脏的组织结构,应用免疫组织化学法检测了水通道蛋白-2(AQP-2)、表皮生长因子(EGF)和转化生长因子β2(TGF-β2)在雀鹰肾脏中的表达。结果表明:雀鹰的肾脏主要由许多肾单位、集合管和少量结缔组织构成;肾单位是肾脏的结构功能单位,由肾小体和与之相连的上皮样肾小管构成;肾小球结构简单,由一团盘曲的毛细血管构成;近曲小管上皮细胞游离面有刷状缘;远曲小管和集合管管腔较大,腔面无刷状缘;近曲小管上皮细胞呈EGF和TGF-β2免疫反应阳性;集合管上皮细胞呈AQP-2免疫反应阳性;EGF、TGF-β2和AQP-2可能发挥着不同的功能,对肾脏中水分的平衡及肾单位的功能等可能具有重要的调节作用。     

Amygdaloid nucleus: new afferent input from the vomeronasal organ

Terminal degeneration stained by the Fink-Heimer technique was found in the medial and cortical amygdaloid nuclei in a discrete zone after lesions were inflicted in the accessory olfactory bulb but not after lesions were made in the main olfactory bulb in the rabbit. Since the accessory olfactory bulb receives the endings of the vomeronasal nerve, the mediocortical complex of the amygdala is the central projection area for the vomeronasal sensory organ. The vomeronasal organ is seen as having new potential significance in sexual and feeding behavior because the cortical amygdaloid nucleus projects to the anterior, medial hypothalamus and the ventromedial nucleus.     

同型巴蜗牛凝集素的凝集活性及影响因素

对同型巴蜗牛（Bradybaena similaris）蛋白腺提取液凝集活性进行测定,初步提取其凝集素并进行部分性质鉴定．结果表明：在同型巴蜗牛的蛋白腺中存在凝集素,具有血球凝集活性,能够凝集9种动物红细胞,其中,对家兔红细胞的凝集活性最高,可达2^8,不过,其对家兔红细胞的凝集活性明显依赖于Ca2＋;在pH值为7．0～8．0的范围内其凝集活性较稳定,保持100％的凝集活力;温度为40℃持续作用10min后就失去活性;向同型巴蜗牛蛋白腺提取液加人45％的固体硫酸铵使凝集素沉淀,再用不同饱和度的硫酸铵溶液依次对沉淀物进行抽提,抽提物的比活力提高了约2．56倍,总活力回收为20．00％．