N+离子注入对萌发期小麦中POD和SOD同工酶的影响

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,研究N+离子注入处理后小麦种子豫麦34萌发时期根、盾片、芽、胚乳中POD和SOD同工酶的变化.结果表明:N+离子注入可引起豫麦34的不同器官中POD和SOD同工酶的酶带与酶活性的不同变化,除芽中POD和SOD同工酶活性无明显变化外,其它器官中POD和SOD同工酶均表现为活性增强.4种器官相比,根和胚乳中同工酶变化较大,盾片和芽中同工酶变化不明显.其中,根中同工酶变化更为显著,N+离子束注入处理后根中POD同工酶多了Rf值为0.47的新酶带.     

低温胁迫对高粱幼苗MDA含量、SOD和POD活性的影响

为了探明高粱幼苗耐冷生理机制,以高粱耐冷和冷敏材料幼苗为试验材料,利用智能光照培养箱设置低温条件,分析了低温和常温条件下高粱耐冷和冷敏材料的丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性。结果表明,低温胁迫后,两类材料的MDA含量、SOD活性、POD活性都出现了增高的趋势,耐冷材料MDA含量的增加幅度低于冷敏材料,耐冷材料的SOD活性、POD活性的增加幅度则显著高于冷敏材料,说明材料的耐冷与否,与低温胁迫后MDA含量、SOD活性、POD活性的增加量有关,MDA含量的增加幅度愈小材料愈耐冷,SOD活性、POD活性的增加幅度愈大材料愈耐冷。     

4℃冷藏和4℃胁迫对蚕豆和绿豆SOD活性的影响

4℃冰箱冷藏对SOD活性有极大的影响,其变化规律与4℃胁迫对sOD活性的影响有一定相似性和相关性.4℃冷藏一天,SOD活性急剧上升,36小时左右达到最高,然后开始下降,72小时后趋于稳定.并且在冷藏的不同阶段,均表现为抗冷性强的蚕豆SOD活性比冷敏感的绿豆强,子叶SOD活性比下胚轴的强.     

镍对小麦幼苗POD活性和同工酶的影响

采用营养液水培,研究了不同浓度(5、10、20、50、100、130 mg/L)镍处理对小麦幼苗植株POD活性和同工酶谱的影响。结果表明,镍处理诱导小麦幼苗叶片POD 1～5、POD 10谱带增强,引起POD 6～9谱带减弱,抑制根系所有POD同工酶谱带活性;小麦幼苗叶片POD活性随着镍处理浓度呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,根系POD活性随着镍处理浓度的升高持续下降。     

外源脯氨酸对盐胁迫下大豆愈伤组织SOD和POD活性的影响

将大豆小真叶愈伤组织分别在NaCl浓度为0（ck），0.4%,0.8%,1.2%,1.6%及在各盐浓度中加脯氨酸（0.8mmol/L）的培养基中进行24，48，72h培养，测定其SOD和POD活性的变化。结果表明，外源脯氨酸对盐胁迫下大豆愈伤组织SOD和POD活性均有不同程度的促进作用。SOD活性在0.4%,0.8%,1.2%,1.6%盐浓度的各种培养时间下均受到促进，其中NaCl浓度为0.8%的增加较明显，POD在各种盐浓度下均在培养72h时，促进其活性增强的作用最明显。     

苯甲酰胺对蚕豆根尖细胞变异性的影响

本文研究了苯甲酰胺对蚕豆根尖细胞微核细胞诱发率及染色体畸变率的影响。结果表明，苯甲酰胺可诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核及染色体畸变的产生。在２０×１０＾６－２００×＾－６浓度范围内，随着浓度的增加，微核细胞率并未升高，反而有所下降，但在该浓度范围内，随着处理时间的延长，微核细胞率及染色体畸变色体畸变率明显上升。     

PEG胁迫对六倍体小黑麦幼苗SOD POD活性及MDA含量的影响

为了解水分胁迫对小黑麦叶片保护酶活性及膜脂过氧化作用的影响,以10个抗旱性不同的六倍体小黑麦为材料,用20%PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,研究了不同抗旱性小黑麦品种SOD,POD活性及MDA含量对水分胁迫的反应。结果表明,各品种SOD,POD活性及MDA含量均显著高于对照,但是不同品种增加幅度明显不同。其中, SOD活性胁迫系数依次为S4＞S2＞S7＞S8＞S6＞S9＞S10＞S1＞S5＞S3, 最大是品种S4（Prego）为7.48; POD活性胁迫系数依次为S2＞S9＞S6＞S4＞S8＞S7＞S5＞S10＞S1＞S3,最大是S2（Fidelio）为3.19;而MDA含量胁迫系数依次为S3＞S10＞S1＞S5＞S8＞S2＞S7＞S6＞S9＞S4,最大是S3（Tewo）为4.71, 推断在所有品种中,Prego的抗旱性最强,而Tewo抗旱性则较弱。     

Cr、Co、Pb 单一胁迫对浮萍SOD、POD、MDA的影响

为了探讨重金属Cr、Co、Pb对浮萍超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、丙二醛(MDA)的影响,帮助建立以浮萍为主的重金属污水处理模型。通过模拟重金属污染环境,以水生104有氮培养液培养浮萍,分光光度法测 SOD、POD、MDA 变化。结果表明：在重金属单一胁迫下浮萍 SOD、POD、MDA呈现规律性变化,重金属离子浓度在较低水平下,浮萍通过活性氧清除系统能有效抵御重金属伤害;当Cr6+、Co2+、Pb2+离子浓度分别超过1.5、0.8、0.5 mmol/L 时,浮萍活性氧清除系统被破坏,受到金属离子伤害不可修复。因此得出在浮萍为主重金属污染处理模型中,通过设计污染水体流速保证 Cr6+、Co2+、Pb2+离子浓度分别在1.5、0.8、0.5 mmol/L 及以下,从而获取最佳处理模型。     

钙对铅胁迫下蚕豆根尖细胞微核率和染色体畸变率的影响研究

为了研究铅、钙复合处理对蚕豆根尖细胞微核和染色体畸变的影响,采用2.5×10^-4mol/L PbCl₂和不同浓度的CaCl₂溶液培养蚕豆种子,以蒸馏水培养作为对照,培养4～7 d后,每天随机取根尖固定、染色、压片后镜检,观察微核和染色体畸变,计算微核率和染色体畸变率。研究结果表明,1×10^-3～1×10^-2mol/L CaCl₂能有效消除蚕豆的铅中毒症状,降低微核率和染色体畸变率,其中5×10^-3～1×10^-2mol/L CaCl₂的效果非常明显。但CaCl₂浓度过高,不利于去毒害,尤其是2.5×10^-2～4×10^-2mol/L CaCl₂会抑制蚕豆根生长,降低根尖细胞有丝分裂指数。研究认为,CaCl₂在一定浓度范围能有效消除蚕豆的铅中毒症状,降低蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率和染色体畸变率。     

镧对铜胁迫红豆幼苗和根尖生长的影响

以红豆为实验材料,研究镧对铜胁迫红豆幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,在2mmol/L铜剂量胁迫下,加入15mmol/L镧溶液,对铜胁迫下的红豆幼苗生长有一定缓解效应,可减轻铜对幼苗的伤害程度。     

秋水仙素诱导蚕豆及玉米根尖细胞染色体变异的研究

为进一步了解秋水仙素对农作物根尖细胞染色体畸变的遗传毒害效应,以地方品种敏感型绿皮小粒蚕豆和饲用玉米为材料,研究不同浓度秋水仙素（0、0.01%、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%）及不同培养时间（24、48、72h）对2种作物染色体的畸变影响。结果表明：秋水仙素能诱发根尖膨大,当秋水仙素浓度为0.20%处理24h,蚕豆根尖膨大率100%;秋水仙素浓度为0.20%处理72h,玉米根尖膨大率65.8%;适当浓度秋水仙素（0.01%、0.05%）可促进蚕豆和玉米根尖细胞的有丝分裂,当浓度≥0.10%,反而抑制蚕豆和玉米细胞分裂。在染色体畸变类型中,微核最多,其次是染色体断片,最少是染色体桥。秋水仙素浓度0.20%,处理时间72h,蚕豆畸变率和玉米畸变率均最高,分别为11.92%和7.25%;秋水仙素浓度0.10%,处理时间72h,蚕豆染色体加倍指数最高为7.97%;秋水仙素浓度0.20%,处理时间24h,玉米细胞加倍指数最高为4.64%。     

Variation in outcrossing rate and genetic structure on six cultivars of Vicia faba L. as affected by geographic location and year

The present study was conducted to evaluate the importance of two environmental factors, year and geographic location, on the cultivar outcrossing rate and genetic structure of Vicia faba L. Under natural field conditions. Outcrossing rates were estimated for six cultivars using isozyme markers, the mixed mating model and the multilocus method. The genetic structure was described by Wright's fixation index and the inbreeding equilibrium coefficient. Faba bean outcrossing rate, as measured by multilocus estimates was relatively invariable among cultivars within locations. Our results suggest substantial variation in outcrossing rate associated with geographic location (Mediterranean subtropical and temperate climates enhancing the cross-pollination). Year variation was far less important than geographic variation.     

温度对冬小麦幼苗过氧化物酶同工酶的影响

冬小麦幼苗经不同温度和时间处理后，对胚根、胚芽中过氧化物同工酶有较明显影响。在常温（２５℃）下，随处理时间 延长，ＰＯＤ同工酶谱带数增加，不依品种，取材部位而异；在较高温度（３０℃）下，则呈曲线式变化，即随处理时间的延长谱带数增加，到一定时间以后又减少，高峰值品种特性、取材部位有关；在高温（４０℃、５０℃）下，谱带数呈减少趋势，处理一定时间以后锐减，不同品种耐高温的能力差异很大。     

太原市晋阳湖水质对蚕豆根尖细胞微核的影响

利用蚕豆根尖微核技术综合评价晋阳湖的水质污染情况。采集太原市晋阳湖5个样点的水,直接处理蚕豆根尖,检测各组水样对根尖细胞形成微核的诱导效应,并评价对应水体的污染程度。用晋阳湖5个水样点的湖水处理蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率为0.267%~1.767%,其中,渔场、电厂出水口、游泳处水样的污染较为严重,形成的微核率均高于0.7%,显著高于对照组水样(p0.05)。晋阳湖水质具有一定的遗传毒性效应,晋阳湖水已受到不同程度的污染。     

The Effect of Detopping the Field Bean Plants (Vicia faba L. minor) and Lack of the Pod Setting on the Symbiosis with Root Nodule Bacteria

The plants of field bean var. Nadwiślaνski were detopped after about 1 month since the beginning of flowering and after that all flower buds were removed from some plants. The effect of a change in the trophic balance on the setting and subsequent growth of root nodules was studied.
The removal of pods had the greater effect on the increase in the weight of the remaining organs than the detopping of plants. Detopping retarded the ageing of the plants and delayed the phase of the greatest reduction of the number of pods. The detopping of plants revealed their considerable compensative possibilities in terms of production of the pod weight and the potential of leaves for biomass production. The data obtained indicate that plant detopping may disturb the root–bacteria exchange of signals, necessary to initiate the nodule development, while the further growth of nodules depends, above all, on the amount of available photosynthates.
A very high correlation between the dry weight of the whole plant to the dry weight of leaves ratio and the weight of nodules was observed. It proves the importance of the trophic balance of the plant for the root nodule weight production.     

The Effect of Seed Vernalization and Irradiation on Growth and Photosynthesis of Field Bean Plants (Vicia faba L. minor) and on Nitrogenase Activity of Root Nodules

The effect of seed vernalization (2–3°C; 36 days) and irradiation intensity during vegetation of field bean upon growth and maximum leaf photosynthesis (P_max) as well as specific (SNA) and total nitrogenase activity (TNA) of root nodules was investigated. The measurements were performed at the initial stage of pod development of varieties with undetermined (cv. Nadwiśański) and determined (cv. Tibo) growth habit. In comparison with plants in shading, those which grew in full irradiation produced larger leaf area and more dry weight, achieving higher P_max values. Stimulation of leaf area enlargement and dry weight increase, especially in respect to the dry weight of underground parts had a positive and significant effect upon TNA value. Accumulation of dry weight was higher in vernalized than non-vernalized plants, but only in the case of cv. Nadwiślański, in full irradiation conditions. In the case of plants grown in poorer irradiation conditions TNA values were about 68 % (cv. Nadwiślański) and 54 % (cv. Tibo) lower, due to significant limitation of root nodules. TNA value of vernalized cv. Nadwiślański plants was 66 % higher in comparison with non-vernalized plants. However, the effect was visible only in full irradiation conditions, due to simultaneous greater intensity of root nodules production and higher SNA value. A positive effect of vernalization could also be observed in the decrease of a negative correlation between dry weight of root nodules and SNA in both varieties.     

高温及持续时间对华北落叶松SOD、POD活性的影响

【研究目的】研究了高温对华北落叶松保护酶活性影响规律,旨在为育苗和养护工作提供理论依据。【方法】设置W1（25℃ 对照）、W2（30℃ ）、W3（35℃ ）、W4（40℃ ）4个处理,温度处理持续时间设置为1、3、5、7、9、11 h。【结果】W4叶片内SOD活性5 h后均显著高于对照;茎内SOD活性W2、W3、W4处理在5 h处理下均与对照之间存在显著差异,11 h时,3个处理分别比对照降低了12.61%、1.93%、26.64%;根系内SOD活性W2、W3、W4的5、7 h处理均显著高于对照,11 h处理分别比对照降低了8.35%、5.99%、28.47%;叶片内POD活性W4的3、5 h处理分别比对照提高了109.75%、20.11%,差异显著;茎内POD活性11 h处理W3比对照提高了40.16%,差异显著;根系POD活性W4在5 h时达到最高值。【结论】华北落叶松35℃以上高温持续时间不宜超过5 h。     

甲醛对5种花卉质膜透性和保护酶活性的影响

本研究以绿萝、亮丝草、火鹤、虎尾兰和非洲菊为试材,研究了不同浓度甲醛处理对上述5种花卉气孔开度、质膜透性、POD和SOD活性的影响。结果表明:5种花卉质膜相对透性均随甲醛浓度的升高而逐渐增加,其中,绿萝的相对透性升幅最小,其次为亮丝草、火鹤、虎尾兰和非洲菊;POD和SOD活性因花卉种类不同而呈现出不同的变化趋势;绿萝、亮丝草是有效减少室内甲醛污染的花卉种类。