马铃薯微肥拌种与叶面喷施增产效果的研究

为探讨马铃薯高产栽培中的配套措施,试验筛选并研究了两种微肥在马铃薯种植上进行拌种与叶面喷施试验。结果表明:微肥拌种与叶面喷施有利于种薯切块后伤口愈合,能提前出苗、开花,缩短生育期,提高大薯率,增产明显。大西北牌多元微肥拌种与叶面喷施每667 m2增收251.9元,稀土旱地宝增收210.1元。     

拌种对马铃薯早疫病、晚疫病及产量的影响

试验以播种前2、3、4、6 d分别用甲基硫菌灵和硫酸链霉素对马铃薯种薯切薯后干拌、湿拌,以不拌种做对照,探讨干拌、湿拌以及拌种后间隔期对马铃薯早疫病、晚疫病田间病薯率及产量的影响。结果显示,药剂的不同拌种方式均能在一定程度上增加马铃薯的产量,干拌的拌种方式增产效果最好,与对照相比平均增产38.05%,播种前2 d切薯并采用药剂干拌对减少田间病薯率效果最明显。     

磷酸二氢钾对雾培马铃薯脱毒种薯增产的研究

通过对5个不同浓度梯度的磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO)4溶液和1个空白对照(CK)在薯块膨大期喷施雾培马铃薯叶片,探索叶面喷施KH2PO4对雾培马铃薯脱毒种薯增产的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施1～5g·L-1的KH2PO4可极显著增加匍匐茎和1 g以上种薯数量,提高大薯率和单株产量,其中以喷施4 g·L-1 KH2PO4效果最好。     

旱立停(ASA)在马铃薯上抗旱增产应用效果

试验研究了30%(2-乙酰氧基)苯甲酸(旱立停、ASA)可溶性粉剂在马铃薯上的应用方法及最佳施用浓度。结果表明:使用旱立停(ASA)抗旱剂进行拌种及拌种和苗期用40 g叶面喷雾处理,可使马铃薯抗旱力增强,出苗日期提前,出苗速度加快,植株鲜重明显增加,单株结薯数增加,有显著增产效果。其中以对马铃薯进行旱立停(ASA)抗旱剂800倍液拌种和苗期用40 g叶面喷雾处理效果最佳。     

马铃薯晚疫病药剂防治试验研究

马铃薯晚疫病是会泽县马铃薯生产上的主要病害。试验开展了马铃薯晚疫病药剂的防治试验,探索不同处理方式,筛选出合适的防治药剂,为马铃薯晚疫病综合防治提供理论依据。结果表明:70%安泰生可湿性粉剂300倍液+68.75%银法利悬浮剂600倍液叶面喷雾2次防治马铃薯晚疫病,防效为76.25%,提高商品率,降低贮藏烂薯率,增产幅度大;68.75%银法利600倍液,每100 kg种薯用4～5kg药液喷湿种薯自然晾干种植,降低防治成本。     

马铃薯叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾增产效果的研究

在马铃薯主产区黑龙江省克山县,通过二年试验,研究了马铃薯叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾对产量、品质及相关生物性状的影响。结果证明:马铃薯叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾可提高块茎产量、淀粉含量、商品率,提高生育后期光合强度、叶绿素含量,降低病薯率,延长生育期。喷施磷酸二氢钾的不同处理效果不同,以现蕾初期+盛花初期二次喷施效果最佳。     

稀土在花生上应用效果与使用技术研究简报

稀土无论叶面喷施或拌种,均具有一定的增产效果,叶面喷施增产幅度大于拌种。叶面喷施浓度以每公顷900-1125ml为宜,拌种浓度一般田块以35-45ml拌5kg种子为宜;25ml稀土拌5kg种子 花针期喷施1125ml/hm^2增产效果最好,结荚期和苗期各喷1次次之,花针期喷施1次亦具有较好的增产效果;稀土对增加植株根瘤数量、提高单株叶面积和叶片光合能力以及改善花生籽仁品质亦有一定促进作用。     

马铃薯叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾增效效果的研究

在马铃薯主产区黑龙江省克山县，通过二年试验，研究了马铃薯叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾对产量、品质及相关生物性状的影响。结果表明，马铃薯叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾可提高块茎产量，淀粉含量，商品率，提高生育后期光合强度，叶绿素含量，降低病薯率，延长生育期，喷施磷酸二氢钾的不同处理效果不同，以现蕾初期＋盛花初期二次喷施效果最佳。     

不同时期施用钾肥对脱毒马铃薯产量的影响

通过试验,在脱毒马铃薯不同生育期施用钾肥对提高马铃薯产量效果明显,尤以作底肥增产效果最为显著,平均667 m2产1637.8kg,比对照增产60.46%。结果表明:早施钾肥能够增强植株抗病力,提高大、中薯比例,降低烂薯率,块茎大、商品性好。     

云南马铃薯贮存损失的调查和评价

调查了云南马铃薯主产区 17个农户家庭贮存马铃薯的现状和损失。作为商品薯贮存失去商品价值的损失率达到 4 7 4 % ,其中发芽薯占 35 4 % ,损失最大 ,贮存时间 12 0d块茎发芽率仅1 5 % ,但 15 0d迅速增加到 5 6 88% ;破损块茎占 7 2 % ;病害烂薯占 4 8%。马铃薯种薯与商品薯同仓混贮 ,在同样无光照的条件下 ,造成种薯过早发芽 ,而且芽细弱 ,降低了种薯的质量。马铃薯疮痂病 (S .scabies)发生普遍 ,在一些地方发病率高达 10 0 % ,应当引起重视。讨论了马铃薯贮存中存在的问题 ,提出了马铃薯贮存技术发展的意见。     

早熟丰产机采棉花品种——新石K26

主要介绍新石K26的选育过程、生物学特性、产量、纤维品质、抗病性及栽培技术要点。     

长江流域棉花轻简高效种植技术探讨

长江流域棉区是中国三大主要产棉区之一。近年来,受劳动力成本上升,棉花用工繁多、比较效益下降,以及生产中机械化、信息化程度低等因素影响,当地棉花种植面积急剧萎缩。为改变现状,从棉花品种、轻简化机械化管理技术、绿色高效栽培技术以及现代农业信息化智能化技术等方面进行了分析,探讨了长江流域棉花轻简高效种植技术措施及研究方向,为长江流域棉花产业持续发展提供参考。     

Effects of application of nitrogen fertilizer on concentrations of P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures in south-western Victoria, Australia

Effects of timing and rate of N fertilizer application on concentrations of P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in herbage from perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures were studied at two sites in south-western Victoria, Australia. Nitrogen fertilizer (0, 15, 25, 30, 45 and 60 kg ha^–1) was applied as urea in mid-April, early May, mid-May, early June and mid-June 1996 to pastures grazed by dairy cows. At Site 1, N fertilizer resulted in a linear increase in P, K, S, Mg and Cl concentrations in herbage and a linear decrease in Ca concentration. For all times of application, concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg and Cl in herbage increased by 0·0048, 0·08, −0·010, 0·0013 and 0·053 g kg^–1 dry matter (DM) per kg N applied respectively. For S concentration, maximum responses occurred in mid-May (0·012 g kg^–1 DM per kg N applied). At Site 2, N fertilizer resulted in a linear increase in P, S and Na concentrations in herbage, a linear decrease in Ca concentration and a curvilinear increase in K and Cl concentration. The maximum responses for P, S and K concentrations in herbage occurred for the N application in mid-June and were 0·015, 0·008 and 0·47 g kg^–1 DM per kg N applied respectively. For Cl concentration, the maximum response occurred for the N application in early June and was 0·225 g kg^–1 DM per kg N applied. Overall, applications of N fertilizer up to 60 kg ha^–1 did not alter herbage mineral concentration to levels that might affect pasture growth or animal health.     

Characterization of starches of proso,foxtail, barnyard,kodo, and little millets

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures of small millet starch granules showed more large polygonal and few small spherical or polygonal granules. The granules of small millets resembled those of rice starch granules. The size of the starch granules ranged from 0.8–10 m. The size of the granules was larger in barnyard millet and smaller in proso millet. Several granules showed deep indentation caused by protein bodies. SEM of starch isolated from 24 hour-germinated kodo millet showed pitting or pinholes at some points due to the attack of amylases (preferentially on bigger granules). Brabender viscoamylograph studies on small millet starches revealed that the gelatinization temperatures ranged from 75.8 to 84.9 ^° C. Barnyard millet possessed lower amylograph viscosity, minimum breakdown, and relative breakdown values when compared to the other small millets.