红栓菌多糖对无机硒的生物转化

本论文进行了红栓菌对硒的耐受力及其菌丝体多糖对硒富集作用的研究。结果表明，红栓菌具有较强的富硒能力，在发酵培养基中添加硒浓度达到20μg／mL时，对菌丝体生长的抑制率最小，菌丝体干重和多糖含量达到最大值，分别为4.3mg／mL和29．8mg／g同时进行了红栓菌多糖富硒的发酵务件优化：pH5．5，接种量10％，装液量80mL／500mL三角瓶，28℃，200rpm培养3d，在发酵起始加入硒溶液，菌丝体多糖及多糖中硒含量分别达到27．3mg／g和816．7μg／g，多糖对无机硒的转化率为34．2％。     

槐耳菌液体培养富硒的研究

当发酵培养基中的硒浓度达到20μg/mL时。对菌丝体生长的抑制率最小，多糖含量达到51．3mg／g。同时进行了槐耳菌富硒条件的优化：pH5．5，接种量10％。装液量80mL/500mL三角瓶。28℃。200r／min发酵培养9d。且在发酵第5d加入硒溶液。槐耳多糖含量达到50．3mg／g，多糖中硒含量达到761．9μg／g，多糖对硒的转化率达到35．8％。     

虫草液体深层发酵富硒的研究

研究了不同硒浓度、培养时间、pH、培养基种类等因素对虫草菌丝体生长量、富硒量、有机硒转化率的影响，探讨了虫草菌富硒的最优培养条件。结果表明其最优富硒培养条件为：培养基硒浓度60μg／mL，培养时间5d，pH6，培养基为麸皮培养基（％）：蔗糖3，麸皮2，NaN030．2，KH2V040．5。菌丝生长量最高可达1．916g/100mL，有机硒含量可达509．026μg／100mL。虫草有机硒转化率最佳培养条件为：培养基硒浓度20μg／mL，培养时间5d，pH7，培养基为马铃薯培养基（％）：蔗糖3，马铃薯20，NaNCh0．2，KH2PO40．5。其有机硒转化率最高可达18．44％。低浓度的硒可以刺激菌丝体生长，高浓度的硒对菌丝体生长有抑制作用，使有机硒转化率降低。     

硒化灵芝液体发酵的初步研究

采用正交试验对影响灵芝富硒能力的几个参数如摇床转速、培养温度、pH等进行优化。结果表明,灵芝能在含有低质量浓度亚硒酸钠100mg/kg的培养基中生长,并能在菌丝体内富集硒。当培养温度30℃、pH7.5、摇床转速160r/min,培养7d,在优化的发酵条件下,试验结果为富硒灵芝菌丝体生物量为40.6g/L,菌丝体硒含量为1572.89μg/g,总富硒量为63859.17μg/L。     

加镧液体培养灵芝菌丝富集有机硒的研究

研究了稀土元素镧（La）对灵芝菌丝体富集有机硒的影响。结果表明,镧能有效促进灵芝菌丝富集有机硒,当发酵培养基中镧的添加浓度为100mg／L时,菌丝产量和硒转化率最高。正交试验结果表明,各因素中对灵芝菌丝体富硒影响最大的是镧浓度,其次是硒浓度、培养时间和pH值,最佳发酵条件是镧浓度100mg／L,硒浓度100mg／L,pH值4．5,培养时间7d,在此条件下菌丝体产量47．3g／L,硒转化率88．1％。     

灰树花富硒培养研究

灰树花（Ｇｒｉｆｏｌａ ｆｒｏｎｄｏｓａ）的耐硒和富硒能力较强。在含硒１０￣３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ的固体培养基上,菌丝均能生长,当硒含量超过２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,菌丝生长受到抑制。液体深层培养条件下,添加１０￣２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ硒,菌丝体富集硒的浓度范围为６．１４￣８８２．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ,但以添加５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ硒时菌丝体硒吸收率最高,为４．９％。     

硒对松口蘑深层发酵的作用研究

以松口蘑为材料,在发酵培养基中添加不同浓度的硒,测定分析了松口蘑菌丝体的生物量、多糖含量、硒的积累量。结果表明:0～40μg/mL的硒浓度对松口蘑菌丝体的生物量和多糖含量的增加都有促进作用,且随着浓度的增高促进作用加强,40μg/mL以上的硒浓度有抑制作用,随着浓度的增高抑制作用增强;硒浓度在0～50μg/mL时,硒在菌丝体中的积累量随着硒浓度的增加而增加,当硒浓度超过50μg/mL时,硒在菌丝体中的积累量开始下降。     

不同灵芝菌株富硒能力的比较研究

通过在不同浓度富硒PDA平板培养基上灵芝菌丝的生长情况及在添加了亚硒酸钠的液体培养基中进行摇瓶培养,测定灵芝菌丝体的生物量及总富硒量,比较不同灵芝菌株的富硒能力,最后从15个不同灵芝生产菌株中筛选出一株对高浓度硒有很好耐受能力且富硒能力强的菌株惠州灵芝。在适宜的条件下进行液体摇瓶培养,7d后其菌丝体的硒含量为2386μg/g,总富硒量为3784.2μg/100mL。     

锌、硒对二种食用菌菌丝体生物量和甘露醇含量的影响

以金针菇、香菇2种食用菌为试材,采用液体发酵培养的方法分别在培养基中添加不同量的锌、硒,研究锌、硒浓度对金针菇和香菇菌丝体生物量和甘露醇含量的影响。结果表明:在一定锌浓度范围内,锌对于食用菌的生长具有促进作用,甘露醇含量随着锌浓度的增加逐渐增加。其中,在锌浓度为500μg/mL时,金针菇菌丝体中甘露醇含量为20.86%,香菇菌丝体中甘露醇含量为23.99%且为最高。而硒浓度在0~15μg/mL时,甘露醇含量随硒浓度增加而增加,15~25μg/mL时甘露醇浓度降低。     

硒对两种灵芝菌生长的影响

研究了硒对两种灵芝菌的生长和富硒过程的影响,考察了两种灵芝菌在琼脂固态培养中对Se的耐受能力,以及两种菌在液态培养过程中生物量、发酵液中的pH、残糖以及Se富集率的动态变化。结果表明,灵芝的耐硒能力与Se富集率并无显著关系,Se富集能力与培养时间、生物量和pH有关。两种灵芝在固态培养的耐硒能力显著高于液态培养。液态培养时Na2SeO3浓度为100mg／L,甜芝96 h时,生物量达到最大0．635 g,120～144 h,富集Se元素最多,Se富集率升高了0．95％。而日本灵芝更适宜液态加硒培养,192h获得最高生物量达1．12g,120～144h,富集Se元素最多,Se富集率升高了3．52％。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.