广西湿地资源现状与保护对策

广西湿地资源十分丰富,总面积为70．6万hm^2,包括自然湿地569万hm^2,人工湿地13．7万hm^2。分析广西湿地面临的主要威胁,如人类对湿地的盲目围垦和改造、湿地污染、生物资源的过度利用等,导致湿地资源持续减少、湿地生态功能退化乃至丧失,难以保证地域生态平衡的需求;提出湿地保护对策。     

我国沿海湿地及其保护研究

我国沿海地区湿地资源十分丰富,总面积为622.76万hm2,具有抵御海啸和风暴潮、护卫滨海国土、防止海水入侵、美化人居环境的功能。但我国沿海湿地正面临着来自人类的巨大威胁,主要威胁因子有对湿地的盲目围垦和改造、湿地环境污染、生物资源的过度利用等,导致沿海地区自然湿地数量持续减少、湿地生态功能退化乃至丧失,已难以保障沿海地区的生态安全。根据我国沿海湿地面临的威胁和问题,应尽快实施沿海地区湿地保护与恢复工程,加强湿地保护立法和管理机构建设。     

社区自然资源管理的五个基本要素

本文介绍了社区自然资源管理的5个基本要素:①当地人是自然资源管理的主体,充分赋权于当地人,包括项目决策权、实施参与权、知情监督权、管理维护权、监测评估权;②尊重乡土知识、乡土人才,重视能力建设;③关注农村妇女和弱势群体的参与和能力建设,倡导性别平等及公平的发展观;④在当地村规民约基础上建立社区管理制度和管理组织,促进当地村民的自我管理、自我发展;⑤有偿使用、有偿管理、有偿服务,增强当地村民对项目的拥有感,实现项目的可持续性.     

我国高原湿地及其保护对策研究

介绍了我国高原湿地资源及其保护管理的现状,指出了高原湿地所具有的重大生态功能和面临的主要威胁及其变化,提出了加强高原湿地保护管理的对策和建议。     

世界自然遗产保护对我国自然保护地体系建设的启示

本文介绍了世界自然遗产地现状及其在中国的发展,同时介绍了我国自然保护地相关政策历史演变过程及自然保护地现状.通过对我国世界自然遗产与自然保护地的关系、自然保护地存在的主要问题的研究,对比分析了世界自然遗产地与保护地在我国实际保护工作中的异同点.结果表明:1)两者均受到高度关注;2)两者产生的背景不同;3)目标任务各有侧...     

How Can Participatory Forest Management Cooperatives be Successful in Forest Resources Conservation? An Evidence From Ethiopia

ABSTRACT

In many parts of the world, community-based approaches to forest management have been evolving after recognizing that the top-down approach impedes conserving forests effectively. In Ethiopia also, local communities have been involved in participatory forest management (PFM) arrangements for better conservation of forest resources. However, the achievements in improving forest conservation outcomes have been mixed, while some PFMs are successful, others are not. Using data collected from 42 PFM cooperatives from Metema and Quara districts in Amhara dry forest region of Ethiopia, this study seeks to examine the variables that explain the variations in the performances of PFM cooperatives in forest conservation. The study has found that the performance of the PFM cooperatives depends on the key attributes of users, physical resources, and institutions and these attributes explain best for the success of PFMs. Therefore, the study suggests that these attributes along with the external factors like government policy must be given due importance while designing PFM arrangement. Moreover, just to highlight the impact of the external factors, the government policy like the resettlement program must be reconsidered; while the expansion of trade and infrastructure must be encouraged in order to strengthen the performance of PFMs and achieve forest conservation.     

Participatory forest conservation in Southwest lowland rainforests of Sri Lanka

Natural forest in Sri Lanka has been decreased significantly in the last few decades. The remaining natural forests especially in floristic region seven have undergone less conservation efforts in the past. Considering the capacity of the government and dependence on forest resources by local villagers, the only way for conservation of these forests in the Southwest lowland is forest management through local participation. Management plans for community-based resource management have been completed. However promotion of such management requires integrated measures, which are beyond jurisdiction of Forest Department. A holistic approach with political commitment concerning buffer zone villages and economic incentives with income generation opportunities supported by external inputs are expected to be implemented as a matter of urgency.     

Co-management： transformation of community affair model in Chinese nature reserves

This article analyzes the application of co-management in establishing and zoning nature reserves, explains two types of participatory models, explains the main content and steps required to implement a co-management program, and suggests future direction of co-management. In China, great progress has been achieved since 1956 when the first nature reserve was established. However, conflicts between nature reserve officials and community members, and differences between conservation and utilization of natural resources suggest that the traditional community affair model is unfit to some degree. A more workable and economically sustainable model is recommended. Co-management appears to be the preferred management model. International conservation organizations have carried out projects in Chinese nature reserves in recent years, and co-management is thought to be an effective approach to resolve conflicts coming from community and to improve nature reserves management.     

浅论重点地区的天然林资源保护工程

概述了天然林资源在可持续发展战略中的地位和作用、资源过度消耗引发的生态环境问题、实施天然林保护工程的重大意义和云南省重点地区天然林资源保护工程实施方案的主要内容, 以及实施这一跨世纪工程给云南林业带来的机遇与挑战。     

我国黄竹天然竹林资源现状和保护策略分析

黄竹在我国生长于热带北缘湿热地区,在澜沧江中下游河谷地区形成大面积的天然林分,是我国面积最大、最具代表性的天然热带性大型丛生竹林。由于我国绝大部分天然黄竹林不属于自然保护区和天然林保护范围,其资源的开发和利用没有科学的规划,近年来天然黄竹林群落和以黄竹林为基础的植被环境破坏严重,亟需对其资源进行保护研究。本文对黄竹的资源现状和面临的问题进行了调查和分析,提出了黄竹种质资源的保护建议。     

寻甸黑颈鹤自然保护区保护管理现状及发展对策

黑颈鹤被列为国家一级重点保护动物,寻甸黑颈鹤自然保护区是以黑颈鹤及其栖息生境为主要保护对象的自然保护区,对这些珍贵资源的保护是管理机构最主要工作之一。在全面掌握保护区保护管理现状基础上,深入分析存在问题及原因,结果显示,保护区仍然存在湿地缺水旱化、人为干扰较大、保护管理能力不足、保护与发展矛盾突出和生态公共服务功能不足等5方面问题,对此,提出推进湿地综合治理、理顺管理职能、加强管理基础建设、加大宣传教育和协同保护区周边共同管理等对策,旨在为保护区保护管理工作提供参考。     

论自然资源管理中的利益群体分析方法

利益群体分析(Stakeholder Analysis)是自然资源管理中一种很有用的方法.本文在对利益群体分析方法概述的基础上,简要介绍了自然资源管理中利益群体分析的步骤以及利益群体分析方法的优缺点,并就利益群体分析方法的应用简单作了小结.     

长白山国家级自然保护区现状分析与未来规划

分析了中国吉林长白山国家级自然保护区的现状,根据近30年来在长白山国家级自然保护区的工作经验,对长白山国家级自然保护区存在的问题及今后的发展方向进行了一些初步探讨。     

Effects of Different Aluminum Levels on Growth and Root Anatomy of Alnus hirsuta Rupr. Seedlings

This study was conducted to compare the growth and mineral nutrient composition of Alnus hirsuta seedlings when treated with different aluminum concentrations and acidic nutrient solutions with and without Frankia inoculation and to examine microscopic changes in the roots treated with different aluminum levels with and without Frankia inoculation. When inoculated with Frankin, A. hirsura seedlings without A1 treatment showed the greatest growth rate in height; root length and fresh weight. The seedlings treated with Al grew better in height, root length and fresh weight in the presence of Frankia than those uninoculated with Frankia. As the concentration of Al treatments increased, the concentration of Al in both shoot and root increased regardless of Frankia inoculation. As the concentration of treated Al increased, the concentration of cations (Ca, Mg, K) in the tissue decreased. The root tissues treated with A1 showed the following microscopic characteristics as compared to those without Al treatment; presence of electron dense bodies in vacuoles, and between plasmalemma and cell wall, accumulation of phenolic materials in vacuoles, disrupted tonoplast, and increase in vacuolation. These alterations in root anatomy were observed at 50 mg/L Al treatment. The degree of alteration was more severe in the root tissues uninoculated with Frankia than those inoculated with Frankza.     

山东省鲁山自然保护区植物资源调查分析

以山东省鲁山自然保护区为对象,对其植物资源状况进行调查,结果表明:区内主要维管植物有124科480属1 006种,其中:野生维管植物109科380属735种,裸子植物种类丰富;野生种子植物100科368属717种,具有典型的温带植物区系特点并具有一定的热带亲缘。国家Ⅰ级保护植物2种,Ⅱ级保护植物3种;列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》内的植物有3属3种;有4种植物被列入《中国珍惜濒危植物红皮书》;山东省特有植物7种,中国特有植物8种。针对保护区植物保护方面存在的问题提出了保护建议。     

环评中如何评价自然资源的价值

针对当前环境影响评价中对自然资源评价所存在的问题,结合对自然资源特性的研究,提出了自然资源评价的理论基础——资源价值理论,特别强调在环评中要进行自然资源损坏的不可恢复性、自然资源区域性的稀有性研究,以保护不可恢复性、区域稀有性的自然资源,促进生态文明建设。     

绿色基本建设——变化世界中的一种新观念

文章简要介绍了绿色基本建设的起源、定义和基本要素,并结合国外的一些成功案例描述其建设规划原则以及策略措施,同时就绿色基本建设这一新概念对我国城镇化过程中的土地利用和保护提出个人看法。       

白龙江水源涵养林可持续经营研究

森林可持续经营是突破传统经营理论的束缚,吸取“永续利用”理论中适合于实现经济、环境、社会可持续发展的观点而产生的现代森林经营理念。阐明了白龙江林区的基本概况和重要生态区位,提出了白龙江森林可持续经营的途径与对策,为水源涵养林的有效管理和持续发展提供了科学依据。