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1.
Summary Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been successfully employed to analyse the genetic diversity among cultivated and subspontaneous accessions of Coffea arabica. The narrow genetic base of commercial cultivars was confirmed. On the other hand, a relatively large genetic diversity was observed within the germplasm collection demonstrating the importance of collecting missions. Results suggested an East-West differentiation in Ethiopia, the primary centre of diversification of C. arabica. The large heterosis effect reported in intergroup hybrids could be related to such genetic differentiation. RAPD method appeared to be effective in resolving genetic variations and in grouping germplasm in C. arabica. 相似文献
2.
Tef is one of the staple cereal crops in Ethiopia. To evaluate genetic diversity of tef and its relatives, 47 accessions of
tef, three accessions of E. pilosa, and six accessions of E. curvulawere analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The level of polymorphism among the wild species was
extremely high, while low polymorphism was detected among tef accessions. All cultivars and wild species under study could
be distinguished with the help of different primers, thereby indicating the potential of RAPD in the genetic fingerprinting
of tef. Accessions from E. curvula and E. pilosa can be differentiated by a single selected primer. In spite of low polymorphism within tef, accessions under study could
be distinguished by a combination of selected primers. Cluster analysis indicated that tef is a very closely related species
to E. pilosa with 45%similarity, supporting the hypothesis that tef originated from E. pilosa based on morphological data. Given that RAPD are relatively quick, simple to use, and are not subjected to environmental
influences, they provide a valuable new approach for the genetic fingerprinting and study of genetic diversity in tef.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
The objectives of this study were to optimize RAPD and AFLP techniques in B. catharticus, and to determine the genetic variability of populations and commercial prairie grass cultivars with the aforementioned molecular
markers. Two populations with contrasting morphological characteristics were evaluated from individual and bulked DNA samples
using RAPD markers. Both analyses showed a similar information about inter population variability. Each accession was sampled
by a single leaf bulk of 10 plants. Accession similarities were established with 276 RAPD and 714 AFLP bands using Jaccard
similarity coefficient. The dendrogram of the accessions using RAPD markers showed that they shared high similarity values
(>94%). A similar result was obtained with AFLP markers (similarity values >98%), revealing a narrow genetic basis in the
analyzed accessions. Consequently, molecular characterization of germplasm should be considered in addition to morphological
criteria, to choose the parental genotypes for breeding programs of this forage crop. The AFLP technique was more efficient
to detect DNA polymorphism in our experiments and unique fingerprints were detected for all the accessions. RAPD is a simple
and non expensive technique, suitable to estimate genetic similarity.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
The diversity among 52 landraces and cultivars of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) and one accession of its wild ancestor, F. tataricum ssp. potanini Batalin, from diverse geographic origins was examined using random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR)
markers. Eighteen primers produced a total of 240 fragments, of which 153 (63.75%) were monomorphic and 87 (36.25%) polymorphic
bands. UPGMA-based pairwise Jaccard’s coefficient of similarity was used to deduce the relationships among 53 genetically
diverse accessions. The similarity between cultivated tartary buckwheat accessions ranged from 0.61 to 1.00. Four distinct
clusters were formed which corresponded well with the geographic distribution of the tartary buckwheat. Nepalese accessions
showed maximum diversity followed by Chinese accessions. Tartary buckwheat accessions from the Himalayan region of northwestern
India revealed a narrow gene pool. The wild buckwheat accession did not group with any of the three cultivated tartary buckwheat
groups, and formed its own single-entry group. Genetic similarity (0.59) of Chinese buckwheat accessions with the wild ancestor
reaffirmed that cultivated tartary buckwheat originated in the Yunnan province of northwestern China. Consistent with some
earlier reports, our study demonstrated the usefulness of the RAPD technique for the characterization of plant genetic resources
and assessment of diversity between species.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
My. Hassan Sedra Philippe Lashermes Pierre Trouslot Marie-Christine Combes 《Euphytica》1998,103(1):75-82
Genetic variation among 43 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) accessions, including 37 accessions from Morocco and 6 cultivars
from Iraq and Tunisia, was studied using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The pre-screening of 123 primers
on four genotypes allowed selection of 19 primers which revealed polymorphism and gave reproducible results. All 43 analysed
genotypes were distinguishable by their band patterns. RAPD technology therefore appears very effective for identifying accessions
of date palm. RAPD-based genetic distance was used to determine the relationships between the accessions. The grouping-association
identified by cluster analysis was rather weak. However, morphologically similar varieties clustered together. A relatively
low polymorphism and a lack of evident organisation are observed among the date palm varieties grown in Morocco. This could
be related to the mode of introduction and maintenance of the Moroccan date palm germplasm involving limited foundation germplasm,
exchange of cultivars between plantations, and periodic development of new recombinant cultivars following sexual reproduction.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Genetic diversity of hexaploid wheat cultivars estimated by RAPD markers, morphological traits and coefficients of parentage 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Estimates of genetic diversity can be based on different types of data. The aim of this research were to study genetic diversity among Croatian wheat cultivars by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, morphological traits and pedigree records; to analyse differences between wheat cultivars from two breeding centres; and to evaluate usability of RAPD markers for estimation of genetic diversity among wheat cultivars in comparison with morphological traits and pedigree record data. Studies were conducted on 14 wheat cultivars and breeding lines from two breeding centres in Croatia. For the RAPD analysis 36 primers were screened and the 14 most polymorphic ones yielded 341 polymorphic bands. Twelve morphological traits were used for morphological analysis. Pedigrees were composed of seven generations of ancestors. RAPD markers showed a high level of polymorphism among the cultivars examined and the breeding lines. No significant correlations were observed among the methods tested. 相似文献
7.
Morphological traits and high resolution RAPD markers for the identification of the main strawberry varieties cultivated in Argentina 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Eight genotypes of the main Fragaria×ananassa cultivars grown in Argentina were analysed using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique combined with electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. The high resolution of this procedure allowed the detection, with only 13 random primers, of 37 genotype‐specific bands that can be used as markers for verifying the identity of cultivars. By using this approach, three different accessions of the cultivar ‘Pájaro’ exhibited differences in amplification profiles, confirming the need for DNA analysis to prevent misidentification of cultivars. In addition, RAPD bands and morphological traits were used to assess genetic relatedness among cultivars. Comparison of both dendrograms revealed that there is no correlation between the clustering obtained with molecular and morphological characters. 相似文献
8.
Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSR) were used to assess polymorphism among 16 Coffea arabica and four Coffea canephora accessions, and to identify DNA introgression fragments from C. canephora in four C. arabica lines. Thirty‐one primer pairs allowed for the identification of 92 polymorphic alleles distributed over 37 loci. The C. arabica accessions derived from the genetic bases ‘Typica’ and ‘Bourbon’ were grouped separately according to their genetic origin. Two genotypes derived from a spontaneous hybrid (C arabica×C. canephora) were classified with the C. canephora accessions from Central Africa. Coffea canephora from West Africa were separated from the other accessions studied. Four alleles related to introgression (i.e. present in C. canephora and introgressed lines, and absent in C. arabica) were identified. The SSR markers were used successfully for characterization of a particular cultivar (‘Veranero’) from Costa Rica, which is known for its late maturity. 相似文献
9.
RAPD genetic diversity of Albanian olive germplasm and its relationships with other Mediterranean countries 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Angjelina Belaj Zlatko Satovic Hajri Ismaili Dhimitër Panajoti Luis Rallo Isabel Trujillo 《Euphytica》2003,130(3):387-395
RAPD markers were used for the study of 19Albanian olive cultivars and two wild olives (oleasters). A total of 76polymorphic
bands (4.8 polymorphic markers per primer) out of 107 reproducible were obtained using 16 primers. The number of bands per
primer ranged from 4 to 10,whereas the number of polymorphic bands ranged from 1 to 9, corresponding to 71%of the total amplification
products. All the accessions could be identified by the combination of four primers: OPA-19;OPA-02; OPK-16 and OPP-19. The
dendrogram,based on Jaccard's index, included three major groups according to their origin: 1)most of the cultivars from the
area of Berat (South of Albania) 2) cultivars from the Centre and Centre-North of Albania and3) cultivars from the Centre
and North-West of Albania along with the oleaster from Elbasan. In order to evaluate the origin of Albanian cultivars they
were compared to those diffused in other countries like Greece, Italy and Turkey, due to geographical and historical affinity
among these countries, by using a one way AMOVA. Although most of the genetic diversity was attributable to differences among
cultivars within each country (91.47%) significantφ-values among countries(φst = 0.085; p < 0.001)suggested the existence of RAPD phenotypic differentiation. Significant φ-values in all pairs formed by Albania with
the other countries were observed. These results are consistent with the autochthonous origin of Albanian cultivars.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
A collection of lentil landraces, mostly from Italy, but including Mediterranean and foreign germplasm as reference, was evaluated
using RAPDs, microsatellite-primed PCR and ISSRs. A low level of useful polymorphic bands was detected with the former two
markers, whereas ISSRs revealed a higher degree of variation. The UPGMA trees, based on Jaccard similarity index matrices,
obtained with RAPD and ISSR respectively, did not produce similar clusters. However, in both cases, the accession which differentiated
the most from the others was from Ethiopia, a country where also other cultivated species have shown a remarkable degree of
variation. On the other hand, Italian accessions showed a trend to group together. ISSR markers proved to be useful for distinguishing
closely related genotypes, and possibly for substantiating the genetic peculiarity of ecotypes applying for the obtainment
of origin and quality marks.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) is an oil-bearing species with multiple uses and considerable potential as a bioenergy crop. The present
investigation has been undertaken to assess the extent of genetic diversity in a representative set of 42 accessions of J. curcas encompassing different crop growing regions in India along with a non-toxic genotype from Mexico as a prelude for utilization
of promising and genetically divergent materials in the breeding programmes. Molecular polymorphism was 42.0% with 400 RAPD
primers and 33.5% with 100 ISSR primers between accessions indicating modest levels of genetic variation in the Indian germplasm.
The within-population variation based on RAPD polymorphism was 64.0% and was on par with the inter-population variation. Polymorphic
ISSR markers have been identified that could differentiate the Indian accessions from the Mexican genotype and two of them
were converted to SCAR markers. The SCAR primer pair ISPJ1 amplified a 543 bp fragment in all the Indian populations, while
ISPJ2 with a specific amplicon of 1,096 bp was specific to the Mexican genotype. Population-specific bands have been identified
for the accession from Kerala (2 RAPD markers), Neemuch-1 from Rajasthan (1 each of RAPD and ISSR markers) and the non-toxic
genotype from Mexico (17 RAPD and 4 ISSR markers), which serve as diagnostic markers in genotyping. The study indicates an
immediate need for widening the genetic base of J. curcas germplasm through introduction of accessions with broader geographical background. 相似文献
12.
利用RAPD标记鉴定大豆种质 总被引:49,自引:4,他引:49
本研究以57个中国大豆祖先吕系及育成品种和18个美国大豆祖先品系为DNA样品来源,通过随机引物PCR扩增基因组DNA的多态性,探索利用RAPD标记鉴定和相关种质的可能性。研究结果表明,50个10摩尔随机引物共扩增可分辩产物246个,其中82.4%的随机引物可产生多态性产物,所扩增产物的54.4%至少在两个基因毒草境存在差异。上PCR扩增产物分别以1和0记录存在与否。扩增产物间的成对比较可产生非相似 相似文献
13.
Summary Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is the most important grass species for temperate grassland agriculture. The level and distribution of genetic variation
in gene bank ecotype collections is still largely unknown but of great interest for the planning of breeding programs. The
objectives of this study were to (i) assess the molecular diversity of Polish ecotypes of perennial ryegrass, and (ii) compare
the relationship between this group and German ecotypes and European cultivars investigated previously. A total number of
166 polymorphic marker bands were detected among the 171 individual plants of the 9 Polish ecotypes. In a joint analysis with
9 Polish and 22 German ecotypes, and 22 European cultivars 172 polymorphic RAPD markers could be found. Genetic distance among
the Polish ecotypes ranged from 0.31 to 0.51, while for all 53 populations a broader range was detected (0.25–0.67). An analysis
of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a much larger variation within populations (71%) than among them (29%). The Polish
ecotypes contained the highest within population variation (74%). The largest among group difference (15%) was found between
the Polish ecotypes versus all other accessions. We conclude that the Polish ecotypes represent a valuable genetic resource
for enlarging the genetic variation in the West European germplasm pool of perennial ryegrass. 相似文献
14.
Genetic variation among five elite winter barley cultivars (H. vulgare L.) currently grown in Bulgaria was assessed at the molecular level using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The present study sampled RFLPs in four well characterized multigene
families in barley: the seed storage protein loci; the 18S, 5.8S and 26S ribosomal DNA loci; the loci coding for 5S ribosomal
RNA and the loci coding subunit α of ATP-A complex in the mitochondrial genome. RFLPs were detected in three out of five investigated
chromosomal loci in the barley cultivars studied. RAPD assay using arbitrary 10-base primers was applied to generate amplified
length polymorphic markers in barley. Overall a total of 15 polymorphic phenotypes were found among the studied barley cultivars
by using 11 out of 25 tested primers. All RAPDs were considered as dominant genetic markers except for two, where PCR and
Southern blot
analysis indicated the presence of codominant amplification products. Five RAPD polymorphisms in F1 and F2 progenies of the cross between Alpha and Obzor were inherited in Mendelian fashion. The determined values for the genetic
variation proved a high genetic similarity among the tested cultivars. Genetic similarity (GS) calculated from RFLP and RAPD data ranged from 0.888 to 0.997 with a mean GS – 0.933.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Pedigree, RAPD and simplified AFLP-based assessment of genetic relationships among Avena sativa L. cultivars 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Edyta Paczos-Grzeda 《Euphytica》2004,138(1):13-22
Two molecular marker techniques: RAPD and simplified PstIAFLP have been compared in order to decide on, which technique is better suited to genetic characterization of oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars. It was investigated, if the same pattern of variability is revealed by two approaches and whether the observed
molecular variability reflects pedigree-based relationships. Polymorphic RAPD and PstIAFLP markers were sufficient to distinguish all analysed cultivars, demonstrating the usefulness of both methods for cultivar
identification. Genetic similarity estimates derived from RAPD, simplified PstIAFLP and combined RAPD and PstIAFLP data were compared with coefficients of parentage (COP). Molecular markers-based mean genetic similarities were considerably
greater than mean COP value. Correlation coefficients between COP and genetic similarities calculated from RAPD, PstIAFLP and combined molecular data were very low and not significant. A better correlation (0.50) was found between similarity
estimates derived from RAPD and PstIAFLP markers. Four separate dendrograms were constructed based on pedigree and molecular analyses using a neighbor-joining
algorithm (NJ). The dendrograms were compared and found to be topologically different. The results of this study showed, that
both molecular techniques can be conveniently used for genetic characterization of oat cultivars, however PstIAFLP would be the method of choice due to the higher efficiency and reproducibility.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Chemda Degani Lisa J. Rowland Amnon Levi Jerzy A. Hortynski Gene J. Galletta 《Euphytica》1998,102(2):247-253
Forty-one of the major strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars grown in the United States and Canada were examined
for RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) marker polymorphisms using 10mer primers (>50% GC content). A set of 10 primers
produced 15 polymorphic fragments ranging in size between 450 and 1200 bp, which were more than sufficient to distinguish
among all tested cultivars. Ten of the markers derived from seven primers were absolutely required for distinguishing the
cultivars. A DNA fingerprinting table was constructed based on these results. In addition, similarity coefficients were calculated
based on RAPD marker data and a dendogram was constructed using the unweighted pair group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA).
These results were compared with known pedigree data for the cultivars. Our results demonstrate that RAPD markers can be used
effectively for strawberry cultivar identification.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Elaeis oleifera or ‘caiaué’, a close relative of oil palm (E. guineensis), has some agronomic traits of great interest for the oil palm genetic breeding such as slow growth, oil quality (mostly
unsaturated) and disease resistance. An analysis of a Brazilian oil palm germplasm collection was carried out using RAPD (Random
Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers with the objective of understanding the genetic variation of ‘caiaué’ accessions collected
in the Amazon Forest in the last two decades. A sample of 175 accessions obtained along the Amazon River Basin was analyzed
and compared to 17 accessions of oil palm from Africa. Ninety-six RAPD markers were used in the analysis, of which fourteen
were shown to be specific to oil palm, while twelve were specific to ‘caiaué’. Results showed that the Brazilian ‘caiaué’
accessions studied have moderate levels of genetic diversity as compared to oil palm accessions. The data allowed the establishment
of similarity groups for ‘caiaué’ accessions, which is useful for selecting parental plants for population breeding. Cluster
analysis showed that, in general, genetic similarities are not correlated to geographical distances, but consistent with geographical
dispersal along the Amazon River network. AMOVA showed that most of the genetic variation is found within populations, as
expected for anallogamous and long-lived perennial species. The study provides important information to define strategies
for future collection expeditions, for germplasm conservation and for the use of E. oleifera in breeding programs.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
Genetic diversity in apricot, Prunus armeniaca, aimed at improving resistance to plum pox virus 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Plum Pox Virus, a non-persistent virus transmitted by aphids, causes serious damage to stone fruits. The apricot tree is very sensitive and in order to breed apricot cultivars resistant to Plum Pox Virus and establish breeding strategies, genetic diversity based on 10 enzymatic systems, six of which were polymorphic, has been studied. The plant material studied, 94 accessions, included the most important apricot cultivars grown in PPV-affected areas. Genetic diversity is high and showed important differences between the three geographical groups studied (North African, European and North American). The North American group was very diverse and allozymes can be used to identify three subgroups. Some North American PPV-resistant cultivars were very distant from the rest of the cultivars, mainly due to the presence of rare alleles found in an Asian apricot related species. These results support the hypothesis that Asian-related species might be the origin of PPV resistance within the North American cultivars. Three North American cultivars have been considered as putative donors of PPV resistance to the European cultivars because of their agronomic behaviour, chilling requirements and distance from European cultivars. However, to increase the genetic variability of the European group and thereby to favour recombination, the study of Asian apricot resources is also recommended. 相似文献
19.
The diversity of 27 superior tea (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) accessions from Korea, Japan and Taiwan was examined with RAPD-PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction)
markers. Out of the 50 primers screened, 17 primers generated 58 polymorphic and reproducible bands. A minimum of 3 primers
was sufficient to distinguish all the 27 accessions studied. The Shannon's index used to partition diversity into inter- and
intra-group, revealed that 71 percent of variability resided within groups and 29 percent between groups. Diversity was greatest
within the Korean group followed by Taiwan and Japan. The relatively high diversity observed in Korea might reflect the larger
genetic base of its plantations while the low diversity in Japan could be explained by the long and intensive tea selection
programme in this country. A dendrogram based on the UPGMA-link method using Jaccard's distances and multivariate Factorial
correspondence analysis clustered the tea accessions into two main groups, regrouping the Taiwan cultivars on the one side
and the Korean and Japanese accessions on the other side. This suggests that the Taiwan tea studied here may have a different
origin from that of Korea and Japan.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Random amplified polymorphic DN A (RAPD) markers were generated from 13 cultivars and accessions of Cannabis sativa L. Approximately 200 fragments generated by 10 primers of arbitrary sequence were used to assess the level of DNA variation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Dice coefficient of similarity and principal coordinate analysis. The grouping of the accessions according to the cluster analysis was in good agreement with their origin and lines with common ancestors were grouped together. Principal coordinates 1 and 2 revealed a clear separation of Italian and Hungarian germplasm and a third group, including a mixture of genotypes coming from different places; the third coordinate separated the Korean group which is probably the most divergent germplasm. Variability within the two cultivars ‘Carmagnola’ and ‘Fibranova1’ was also shown, suggesting good possibilities for long–term selection work. RAPD markers provide a powerful tool for the investigation of genetic variation in cultivars/accessions of hemp. 相似文献