Albumin Naskapi: a new variant of serum albumin

An apparently new Variant of human serum albumin, albumin Naskapi, has been found in high frequency in the Naskapi Indians of Quebec and, in lower frequency,in other North American Indians.The family and population data of the albumin are consistent with its inheritance as a simple autosomal trait Controlled by a gene designated Al Naskapi. This gene is allelic with the gene Al(A) which controls the common albumin.Both homozygotes and heterozygotes have been distinguished. This is the first report of a homozygote for an albumin Variant.     

Albumin replacement by fatty acids in clonal growth of mammalian cells

Clonal growth of Chinese hamster strain CHD-3 cells in a synthetic nutrient mixture supplemented with 10 micrograms of purified fetuin per milliliter exhibits an apparent requirement for serum albumin. The albumin can be replaced by linoleic acid, which occurs as a tightly bound component of most albumin preparations. Linolenic acid and corn oil can also replace albumin, while oleic acid and esters of linoleic and linolenic acids cannot.     

Mammoth albumin

Serum albumin was detected immunologically in muscle from a mammoth that died about 40,000 years ago. Rabbits injected with ground mammoth muscle produced antibodies that react strongly with elephant albumin, weakly with sea cow albumin, and still more weakly or not at all with other mammalian albumins. Since elephant albumin elicited antibodies with the same specificity, some of the surviving mammoth albumin molecules evidently have antigenic sites identical to those on native elephant albumin. Much of the mammoth albumin has, however, undergone postmortem change. The small amount of soluble albumin extractable from mammoth muscle is heterogeneous in size, charge, and antigenic properties.     

Receptor for albumin on the liver cell surface may mediate uptake of fatty acids and other albumin-bound substances

Kinetic analysis of the uptake of carbon-14-labeled oleate in a single-pass perfusion of rat liver and saturable and specific binding of iodine-125-labeled albumin to hepatocytes in suspension suggest the existence of a receptor for albumin on the liver cell surface. The putative receptor appears to mediate uptake of albumin-bound fatty acids by the cell and may account for the efficient hepatic extraction of many other substances tightly bound to albumin.     

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC TITRATIONS OF HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN AND REDUCED CARBOXYMETHYLATED ALBUMIN

The tyrosyl groups of reduced and carboxymethylated human serum albumin, in which all disulfide bonds are broken, ionize at lower pH than those of native albumin, in spite of the greater negative charge on the protein produced by the S-carboxy-methyl groups. The heat and entropy of ionization of these groups in the reduced albumin are also "normal," in contrast to native albumin. Spectro-photometric titrations at 244 and 295 mmicro give equivalent results. The more open structure of the reduced albumin, as compared with the native protein, presumably allows the tyrosine groups to come freely into contact with solvent. In acid solutions the heights of the two peaks at 236 and 287 mmicro in the difference spectrum (albumin at pH 7 against albumin at a lower pH) are strictly proportional over the whole course of the titration. Both peaks apparently arise from changes in the environment of tyrosyl residues, rather than from more general conformational changes.     

凉山半细毛羊血清蛋白含量遗传力估测及其与经济性状相关分析

本研究用２７只公羊的后裔１２２只育成母羊估测了血清总蛋白、清蛋白和球蛋白含量的遗传力分别为０．３４３、０．５５５和０．２１１。这三种血清蛋白含量和育成体重的表型相关分别达到了显著或极显著水平（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１），清蛋白含量和育成体重的遗传相关为０．３５０（Ｐ＜０．０１）。这提示血清清蛋白含量可作为一个指示性状，用于预测和选种。     

常温贮藏期间鸡蛋清流变特性和蛋白质成分的变化

以鸡蛋清为原料,探究在25 ℃贮藏期间蛋清中主要蛋白质含量和流变特性等指标的变化。结果表明:随着贮藏时间延长,卵黏蛋白含量显著(P<0.05)降低;S-卵白蛋白含量显著(P<0.05)增加,至28 d时含量达到(92.99±0.81)%;溶菌酶含量呈现显著(P<0.05)的先升高后降低的趋势,但其活力趋于下降。随着蛋白质含量的变化,蛋清的起泡性和乳化性呈现显著(P<0.05)的先增高后降低的变化,而泡沫稳定性和乳化稳定性则显著(P<0.05)降低。贮藏过程中蛋清的热变性温度与热焓值逐渐增高。在贮藏前期,蛋清的表观黏度增加,贮能模量(G')>耗能模量(G″),表现为流体的弹性性质;在贮藏后期,蛋清的表观黏度减小,G'相似文献   

松仁粕中清蛋白的提取工艺及功能性质研究

以脱脂松仁粕为材料,清蛋白提取率为考察指标,蒸馏水为提取剂,设料(质量,g)液(体积,mL)比(1∶10、1∶15、1∶20、1∶25、1∶30)、提取温度(35、40、45、50、55℃)和提取时间(30、60、90、120、150 min)3个单因素试验,在单因素试验的基础上采用响应面法优化清蛋白的提取工艺,并对清蛋白的功能性质进行研究。结果表明:松仁粕中清蛋白的最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶25、提取时间92 min、提取温度53℃,松仁粕中清蛋白的提取率可达23.52%;松仁粕清蛋白的溶解度在pH值为3时最小,在碱性条件下具有较好的溶解性、起泡性与乳化性。     

Human serum albumin phenotype activation in mouse hepatoma--human leukocyte cell hybrids

Murine hepatoma cells that secreted mouse serum albumin were fused with human leukocytes that did not produce albumin. The resulting hybrids secreted both mouse and human serum albumin, as demonstrated by immuno-electrophoretic techniques. The activation of the human genome suggests that mapping genes governing specialized functions in somatic cell hybrids may be accomplished by using adifferentiated human cells as a parental line.     

小麦非醇溶性贮藏蛋白的研究进展

本文阐述了小麦种子中某些非醇溶性蛋白（麦豆球蛋白和ＨＭＷ清蛋白）的贮藏蛋白性能及研究进展，着重讨论了ＨＭＷ清蛋白与β－淀粉酶之间的关系，指出要改善小麦的品质，必须尽可能全面的了解小麦的醇溶性与非醇溶性蛋白及其相互关系。     

外源高赖氨酸蛋白质基因对转基因玉米种子中蛋白质和氨基酸组分的影响

分析了将高赖氨酸蛋白质基因导入玉米后,转基因玉米种子中水溶蛋白、盐溶蛋白、醇溶蛋白和碱溶蛋白组分的变化。结果表明,醇溶蛋白和盐溶蛋白总量发生了增加,水溶蛋白总量保持稳定,而碱溶蛋白量有所下降。免疫印迹结果表明,外源高赖氨酸蛋白的表达量与转基因种子中赖氨酸含量呈正相关性。推测外源高赖氨酸蛋白的表达及富含赖氨酸的水溶蛋白和盐溶蛋白组成的改变是转基因玉米种子中赖氨酸提高的主要原因;转基因玉米种子蛋白质可能是外源基因通过非直接的方式导致的结果。     

那西肽调控肉鸡非特异性免疫功能的研究

以那西肽作为饲料添加剂按一定比例添加到AA肉鸡日粮中,通过检测血清中溶菌酶、总蛋白和白蛋白等免疫学指标,研究其对AA肉鸡非特异性免疫功能的影响。结果表明:在肉鸡日粮中添加不同比例的那西肽可以显著提高AA肉鸡血清的溶菌酶水平、总蛋白和白蛋白的含量,其中试验2组、3组,即在日粮中添加1.0%,2.0%的那西肽,溶菌酶的含量比对照组提高了102.5%(P<0.05),73.4%(P<0.05);试验1组即在日粮中添加0.5%的那西肽,总蛋白含量比对照组提高了2.06%(P<0.05);日粮中添加2.0%的那西肽组血清白蛋白含量比对照组提高了12.7%,差异显著(P<0.05)。因此,那西肽可调控肉仔鸡的非特异性免疫功能。     

Stimulation in vitro with protein carrier of antibodies against a hapten

Rabbits were immunized both with lysozyme and with dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin. No antibodies against the dinitrophenyl hapten were produced when cell suspensions of their spleens were exposed in vitro to dinitro-phenyl-ovalbumin, whereas a positive response was obtained with dinitrophenyl-lysozyme. Moreover, when spleen cells from rabbits previously immunized with dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin were exposed in vitro to bovine serum albumin alone, they produced antibodies against the dinitrophenyl hapten.     

桑蚕卵蛋白的制备及其特性研究

[目的]探索蚕卵蛋白的提取制备方法并对其特性进行分析。[方法]采用碱溶酸沉法提取制备蚕卵蛋白粉,测定其等电点,并进一步检测分析其蛋白质含量、氨基酸组成及其酶解特性等。[结果]试验显示,蚕卵蛋白的等电点为4.55,其氨基酸组成丰富,含有人体必需的多种氨基酸,用碱性蛋白酶水解后得到以三肽为主的多肽类物质。[结论]采用该研究方法可获得蚕卵蛋白多肽,为蚕卵蛋白的开发利用奠定研究基础。     

野猪血浆白蛋白多态性的研究

[目的]研究湟中县多巴镇猪场引进的野猪血浆ALB多态性。[方法]采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳法对湟中县多巴镇猪场12头野猪血浆白蛋白(ALB)多态性进行研究。[结果]被检野猪血浆ALB位点有ALBAA型,ALB AB型和ALB O型3种基因型,以ALBAA为优势表型(66.67%);ALBA、ALBB和ALB0分别为0.79170、.1250和0.0833;基因杂合度0.3507,基因纯合度为0.6493,有效等位基因数为1.5401,基因均质度指数为0.6174。[结论]湟中县多巴镇猪场引进的野猪血浆ALB存在多态性,血清杂合度低,基因均质好,不同于其他品种猪的遗传结构特性。     

复方中草药对AA肉鸡非特异性免疫的影响

以复方中草药作为饲料添加剂按一定比例添加到AA肉鸡日粮中,通过检测血清中溶菌酶、总蛋白和白蛋白等免疫学指标,研究其对AA肉鸡非特异性免疫功能的影响。结果表明,在肉鸡日粮中添加不同比例的复方中草药可以显著提高AA肉鸡血清的溶菌酶水平以及总蛋白和白蛋白的含量。在日粮中添加复方中草药2%、4%,溶菌酶和白蛋白的含量分别比对照组提高87.9%、70.5%和12.74%、14.95%;在日粮中添加2%复方中草药,总蛋白水平比对照组提高5.73%。综合考虑,AA肉鸡饲料中复方中草药添加量以2%为宜。     

卵白蛋白提取及其口服液的研制

采用不同的酶对鸡蛋蛋清蛋白进行水解,提取卵白蛋白,并通过L9(34)正交试验进行口服液配方研究.结果表明:Al-clase酶水解效果最佳;口服液最优配方为4.4%卵白蛋白粉、8%异麦芽低聚糖、11%果葡糖浆、0.006%葡萄糖酸锌、0.18%焦糖色素、0.03%苹果酸、0.007%麦芽香精;最佳杀菌条件为96℃下灭菌30 m in.     

Intestinal uptake of macromolecules: effect of oral immunization

Animals were orally immunized with horseradish peroxidase and bovine serum albumin, and absorption of these antigens was studied. In comparison with controls, a consistent and significant decrease in peroxidase uptake was noted in both germ-free and conventional rats immunized with peroxidase; a similar decrease in serum albumin uptake was also noted in animals immunized with serum albumin. There was no difference in the uptake of an unrelated macromolecule. These observations suggest that local immunization interferes specifically with the intestinal uptake of macromolecular antigens.     

青海不同基因型蚕豆蛋白组成及清蛋白和球蛋白亚基的SDS-PAGE分析

采用连续提取蛋白法和SDS-PAGE技术分析了青海省11个不同基因型蚕豆的蛋白质组成以及清蛋白、球蛋白亚基的差异.结果表明:蚕豆蛋白主要由清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白和其他蛋白组成,不同基因型蚕豆的蛋白质含量及其组成存在一定的变异,其中清蛋白和球蛋白是蚕豆蛋白主要组成部分,占总蛋白的75.08%.不同基因型蚕豆的清蛋白和球蛋白亚基存在一定的差异,蚕豆清蛋白亚基由97、66+67、63、50、45、38+41、22ku等7个基本亚基组成外,还有96ku特异亚基;球蛋白亚基由63、56、52、47、22ku等5个基本亚基组成外,还有46ku的特异亚基.