种子加工工艺流程和设备配置

种子加工工艺流程是指从原料种子加工成为成品种子的全部加工过程。种子加工工艺流程设计包括根据原料种子的物理特性、工艺特点和成品种子质量要求,按照经济合理的原则,确定加工工序,选择加工设备,科学地组合工艺流程和加工成套设备,确定成套设备性能指标。     

水分对饲料加工的影响

在饲料加工过程中，水分对整个加工程序的各个单元过程都有着很大的影响。从原料的输入到产品的输出，合适的水分含量，不仅可降低饲料的加工成本，减少各加工过程中的能量损失及加工设备的机械损耗，同时也能提高饲料产品的质量和饲料加工的工作效率，为用户提供可靠的饲料产品。因此，各饲料加工工序对加工对象的水分有严格的要求。1 饲料粉碎与物料输送 在饲料粉碎过程中，对原始物料的水分要求是一个不可忽视的因素。排除其它影响，物料的水分过低，则加工对象的硬度偏高，加工时动力消耗大，增加了企业的生产成本，降低了设备的使用…     

颗粒饲料逆流干燥冷却机理分析

在颗粒饲料生产过程中,冷却是必不可少的工序。从制粒机压制出来的颗粒料,由于高温(蒸汽调质时85C左右)和高湿(颗粒含水质量分数约16％),必须经过冷却来降低温度和水分,提高颗粒饲料成品质量,便于运输和保存。     

颗粒饲料加工冷却工序自动控制节能系统

论述颗粒饲料加工冷却工序自动控制节能系统的功能,在饲料加工成套设备里的应用方式及该系统的开发要点。     

饲料粉碎系统设计要点浅析

<正>在现代饲料加工过程中,原料粉碎工序是饲料加工中非常重要的一个环节,粉碎工序的电耗约为总电耗的50%～70%。我国每年在饲料加工行业中粉碎加工总量将近3亿吨。饲料粉碎系统运行的好坏对饲料质量、饲料报酬、饲料加工成本的组成等有重要影响。而目前长期困扰饲料加工企业的主要问题是设计的粉碎系统不合理,在生产使用一段时间后,粉碎系统运转不正常,引起脉     

使用维修

颗粒饲料机是一种把粉状饲料压制成颗粒饲料的机器,可生产鱼虾、鸡鸭鹅兔鸽等水产和畜禽养殖所需的颗粒饲料。从其结构形式上,可分为环模式和平模式两种,其中大中型颗粒饲料机多采用环模式结构,小型机多采用平模式结构。环模式颗粒饲料机具有结构合理,生产效率高等特点,所加工的颗粒成品表面硬度较高。但是该机制造工艺复杂,整机售价较高。与环模式颗粒饲料机相比,平模式颗粒饲料机的结构简单,使用维修方便,制造成本低廉,但加工效率相对低。用户在选购和使用颗粒饲料机时应注意下述检查。     

农业机械技术问答(续18)

161.什么是玉米秸秆颗粒饲料加工技术? 答将玉米秸秆晒干后粉碎,随后加入添加剂拌匀,在颗粒饲料机中由模板与压轮挤压加工成颗粒饲料.由于在加工过程巾摩擦升温,秸秆内部熟化程度深透,加工的饲料颗粒表面光洁,硬度适中,大小一致,其粒体直径可以根据需要在3～12 mm间调整.     

我国饲料颗粒机技术与结构特点分析

<正>随着我国养殖业的不断发展和养殖规模的不断扩大,饲料的需求量日益增长。在品目繁多的动物饲料中,颗粒饲料占有非常大的比重,有些国家生产的颗粒饲料占全部饲料的50%以上。由此看来,颗粒饲料在养殖生产中的作用越来越重要,研究设计高效节能、易操作、效率高、寿命长的饲料颗粒机,对于生产加工颗粒饲料,提高养殖业的效益,增强我国饲料工业在国际市场的竞争力都有着重大的作用。一、饲料颗粒机的工作原理     

颗粒饲料机的使用维护

颗粒饲料机械又称压粒机械,其作用是将加工好的半成品饲料添加上糖饴水等,按家禽的采食特点和习性加工成颗粒状的饲料。常用的饲料颗粒机械主要有软颗粒饲料机、硬颗粒饲料机、膨化颗粒饲料机和多功能颗粒机等几种。其中,硬颗粒饲料机又分为环模压粒机和平模压粒机。     

谈碾米机的选购与安全使用

碾米是稻谷加工过程中很重要的一个工序,它对成品质量和出米率都有很大的影响。因此碾米机的选择与使用就显得很重要。一、碾米机的选购1.确定机型大小应根据自己的使用要求、适用范围和当地电源条件、加工要求来选择机型。对自己欲购的碾米机产品的种类、产量等要了解,     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。