猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清6型PCR方法的建立及初步应用

为了建立猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清6型分子鉴定方法,本研究根据胸膜肺炎放线杆菌从编码荚膜多糖的碱基序列设计1对引物,扩增特异性的720 bp核酸片段。结果表明,以APP为模板,均能扩增出与预期一致的1条720 bp核酸片段,所得PCR产物经测序,与Gen Bank已发表的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清型6型的同源性达99%以上。本研究建立了PCR检测猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清6型分子鉴定方法,该方法的建立为猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌病的诊断和防治及鉴定提供了基础。     

猪细小病毒2型、3型、6型多重PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

为建立同时快速检测猪细小病毒2型(PPV2)、猪细小病毒3型(PPV3)、猪细小病毒6型(PPV6)的方法,本研究根据PPV2、PPV3、PPV6各自的NS基因序列设计3对特异性引物,建立了一种能同时检测上述病原的多重PCR方法。结果显示,建立的多重PCR方法对PPV2、PPV3、PPV6的基因组DNA均能有效扩增,对猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒(PRRSV)、猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)、副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)、猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)、日本乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)的核酸均无特异性扩增,特异性较强;对PPV2、PPV3、PPV6的重组质粒最低检测限分别为4.32×10^3拷贝/μL、9.62×10^3拷贝/μL、4.25×10^3拷贝/μL,与其他研究者已建立的单一PCR检测结果一致,敏感性较高。利用本研究建立的多重PCR方法对25份可疑临床样品检测,同时利用文献报道的单一PCR方法检测,二者结果一致。本研究建立的多重PCR方法为检测PPV,及该病的流行病学调查提供了技术支持。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌快速PCR检测方法的建立

根据猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌 (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,APP)的 apx A基因序列设计了 1对可扩增 1个4 2 2 bp片段的特异性引物 ,成功地建立了一种检测 APP的快速 PCR方法 ,并确定了其特异性和灵敏性。对血清 1～ 13型等 13个 APP标准株均能扩增出预期 4 2 2 bp的特异性条带 ;对猪副嗜血杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、支气管败血波氏杆菌、大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌的扩增结果为阴性。对 APP菌液最低检出浓度为 6 8CFU/ m L(D6 0 0 为 0 .0 0 3)。 12株临床分离菌的 PCR扩增结果与生化鉴定结果是一致的。该方法能从病料中分离培养 8h的混合菌群中快速检测APP,可用于 APP的快速诊断和流行病学的调查。     

猪的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌复合PCR检测方法的建立

在已经建立猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)、猪多杀性巴氏杆菌(PM)、副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)的单项PCR诊断方法的基础上,通过对扩增条件的优化,成功地建立了APP、PM、HPS的复合PCR实验室诊断方法,利用一次PCR反应,即可同时扩增出APP的342bp、PM的457bp和HPS的821bp的特异性片段。该复合PCR能同时检测到100个每种细菌或50pg的APP或HPS的DNA和500pg的PM的DNA。该三重复合PCR的敏感性同已报道的单PCR一致。该方法的建立对临床上进行这3种疾病的鉴别诊断和混合感染的检测都具有重要意义。     

SS-2、APP和PM多重PCR检测方法的建立与应用

猪链球菌2型(SS-2)、猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)、多杀性巴氏杆菌(PM)是引起"猪无名高热症"的部分病原菌,为建立可以同时检测SS-2、APP和PM的多重PCR快速诊断方法,根据GenBank中公布的有关基因序列,设计了3对引物分别用于扩增CPS2J(SS-2),ApxIVA(APP),KMT1(PM)基因的片段。敏感性和特异性结果表明,本方法对3种病原菌的最低DNA检测量分别为48.3pg(SS-2),581pg(APP),5pg(PM),而对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、猪附红细胞体、刚地弓形虫的扩增结果均为阴性。35份临床样品的多重PCR检测结果表明,有7例SS-2,5例APP,7例PM,与生化试验的鉴定结果一致。表明所建立的多重PCR方法能够对SS-2、APP和PM单个或混合感染的临床样品进行快速鉴别诊断。     

猪接触传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清3型分子鉴定及药敏试验

为了解猪接触传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,APP)的血清型及耐药情况,本研究根据GenBank数据库设计1对引物,特异性的扩增950 bp核苷酸片段,对血清3型APP进行分子鉴定及药敏试验。结果显示,所得PCR产物经过测序,与GenBank已发表的血清3型APP的同源性达99%以上,所分离菌株耐药性较强,大多为多重耐药。通过对血清3型APP进行分子鉴定及药敏试验,为猪传染性胸膜肺炎的鉴定、诊断及防制提供了基础。     

鲁西地区猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清型多重PCR研究

本研究建立了鉴定猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)血清型的多重PCR方法,并对鲁西地区流行的APP血清型进行了鉴定.根据猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的外膜脂蛋白(OmlA)基因设计1对种特异性引物;并且根据血清1型、5型、7型荚膜多(cps)基因设计型特异性引物,建立检测血清1型、5型、7型的PCR方法.运用多重PCR对临床分离鉴定的89株APP进行血清型鉴定,结果表明建立的多重PCR检测方法特异性和敏感性良好,可作为猪传染性胸膜肺炎快速诊断和流行病学调查的重要手段.     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌PCR检测方法的建立

根据猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)外膜脂蛋白基因序列，设计合成了1对特异性引物。经PCR扩增，APP1～10标准血清型菌株均能扩增出大小为980bp的DNA片段，而大肠埃希氏茵、猪多杀性巴氏杆菌、猪链球菌、猪肺炎霉形体和葡萄球菌等的扩增结果均为阴性。该方法检测APP DNA的敏感性可达2pg。表明，此PCR方法特异性好，敏感性高，可用于猪传染性胸膜肺炎的快速诊断。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌PCR检测试剂盒的研制

根据GenBank中猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌apxⅣA基因序列,设计了1对引物,通过对PCR反应条件进行优化,研制了检测猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的PCR试剂盒。该试剂盒扩增的阳性条带为600 bp,特异性与敏感性结果显示,该PCR检测试剂盒的最低核酸检测量为50 CFU/mL,而对金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、副猪嗜血杆菌、大肠杆菌的扩增结果均为阴性。-20℃至少可保存12个月,且重复性良好。应用该PCR试剂盒对41份临床样本进行了检测,其PCR检测结果与细菌学检测结果相一致。结果表明,猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌PCR检测试剂盒能够对APP临床样品进行快捷、灵敏、准确的检测。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌复合PCR检测方法的建立

目的建立可以同时检测猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的快速而可靠的PCR检测方法。方法和结果根据胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的Apx-VIA基因序列、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的16SrRNA基因序列设计5条引物。猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌模板的PCR扩增产物大小分别为342bp,485bp和1258bp。复合PCR对1～12型猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌标准株,6株多杀性巴氏杆菌标准株,1～15型副猪嗜血杆菌以及25株经生化鉴定确认为上述三种细菌的分离株的基因组DNA作为模板进行检测,均获得预期大小的扩增产物。以猪放线杆菌、吲哚放线杆菌等14种常见细菌作为阴性对照进行PCR检测,结果仅有支气管败血波氏杆菌产生了可以和上述三个特异性条带明显区分的PCR产物。复合PCR针对胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的敏感性分别为14pg、34pg和37pg。结论本研究建立的复合PCR特异性好,敏感性高,可以用于猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的快速检测。     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.