共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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为研究离子液体预处理对木质纤维素糖化的影响,用离子液体1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑盐酸盐([Amim][CI])预处理稻草粉,结果发现处理后酶解得糖率显著提高.采用正交试验得到的最优木质素提取工艺条件为固液比350g/kg,提取温度90℃,提取时间12 h,粒度40目;有利于酶解的最优工艺条件为固液比250g/kg.根取温度90℃,提取时间12 h,粒度40目.所用离子液体重复使用9次后,酶解效果与木质素提取率几乎不变,可以大幅度降低预处理成本. 相似文献
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采用1,4-丁二醇水溶液作为萃取剂,微波辐射从麦秸中提取木质素.研究了微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、固液比和萃取剂质量分数对麦秸中木质素提取率的影响,得出其最佳提取条件:微波辐射功率900 W,微波辐射时间40 min,固液比1/12(g·mL~(-1)),萃取剂质量分数为90%,木质素萃取率为45.5%. 相似文献
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Though generally small and gene rich, bacterial genomes are constantly subjected to both mutational and population-level processes that operate to increase amounts of functionless DNA. As a result, the coding potential of bacterial genomes can be substantially lower than originally predicted. Whereas only a single pseudogene was included in the original annotation of the bacterium Escherichia coli, we estimate that this genome harbors hundreds of inactivated and otherwise functionless genes. Such regions will never yield a detectable phenotype, but their identification is vital to efforts to elucidate the biological role of all the proteins within the cell. 相似文献
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刺槐Brauns木素热诱导变色研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为研究木素在热诱导条件下的颜色变化,对模拟干燥处理前后刺槐Brauns木素(BNL)的UVVis、FTIR和13C NMR等光谱进行了比较分析。结果表明:①木素受热后颜色变深是导致刺槐木材颜色变深的重要原因。刺槐木素紫外光谱具有K带、B带和R带吸收,受热后曲线总体上移,吸光系数增加;木素受热后R带吸收峰加宽,并延伸至可见光区域;②在模拟干燥条件下,木素C5位有缩合反应发生而使木素共轭体系延长,木素受热后α O 4结构发生断裂使酚羟基增加,共轭芳酮结构(α 羰基)信号仍然很强。这些均为木素受热后吸收光谱发生深色位移导致颜色变深的重要原因。 相似文献
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Hess M Sczyrba A Egan R Kim TW Chokhawala H Schroth G Luo S Clark DS Chen F Zhang T Mackie RI Pennacchio LA Tringe SG Visel A Woyke T Wang Z Rubin EM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6016):463-467
The paucity of enzymes that efficiently deconstruct plant polysaccharides represents a major bottleneck for industrial-scale conversion of cellulosic biomass into biofuels. Cow rumen microbes specialize in degradation of cellulosic plant material, but most members of this complex community resist cultivation. To characterize biomass-degrading genes and genomes, we sequenced and analyzed 268 gigabases of metagenomic DNA from microbes adherent to plant fiber incubated in cow rumen. From these data, we identified 27,755 putative carbohydrate-active genes and expressed 90 candidate proteins, of which 57% were enzymatically active against cellulosic substrates. We also assembled 15 uncultured microbial genomes, which were validated by complementary methods including single-cell genome sequencing. These data sets provide a substantially expanded catalog of genes and genomes participating in the deconstruction of cellulosic biomass. 相似文献
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斜卧青霉菌P6木素过氧化物酶的纯化与特性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
木素过氧化物酶是降解木素类物质的主要酶类。使用硫酸铵盐析、DEAE 纤维素和CM 纤维素离子交换层析、SephadexG 10 0凝胶过滤等分离与纯化技术 ,从斜卧青霉菌P6 (PenicilliumdocumbensP6 )发酵培养 7d的液体培养液中分离纯化得到电泳纯的木素过氧化物酶 ,经SDS PAGE鉴定为单一条带 ,表观相对分子质量为 4 6 3× 10 3 。以藜芦醇为底物测定了该酶的Km,vmax,作用的 pH和温度范围 ,结果为Km0 5 6 5mmol·L-1,vmax0 0 88mmol·(L·min) -1,pH 4~ 9,温度 2 5~ 5 5℃。N末端序列为VLLPADEKNA ,与真菌LiP无同源性。此结果拓宽了木素过氧化物酶的微生物来源 相似文献
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Lovejoy CO 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,211(4480):341-350
Five characters separate man from other hominoids-a large neocortex, bipedality, reduced anterior dentition with molar dominance, material culture, and unique sexual and reproductive behavior. Evidence provided by the fossil record, primate behavior, and demographic analysis shows that the traditional view that early human evolution was a direct consequence of brain expansion and material culture is incorrect, and that the unique sexual and reproductive behavior of man may be the sine qua non of human origin. 相似文献
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【目的】对鹿茸胶原多肽进行复合酶水解,优化水解工艺,并测定水解液分子量分布。【方法】以碱性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶为供试酶类,选用酶解时间、pH值、酶解温度、加酶量为影响因素,采用响应面试验设计优化单酶水解条件,根据响应面试验所得到的单酶水解的最适条件,确定双酶复合水解方案。通过Sephadex G25测定鹿茸胶原多肽的分子量分布。【结果】碱性蛋白酶最优水解条件为:酶解时间3.6h,pH值10.50,酶解温度55℃,加酶量4%,水解液的水解度为22.03%;胰蛋白酶最优水解条件为:酶解时间3.2h,pH值8.00,酶解温度50℃,加酶量4.4%,水解液的水解度为15.81%。复合酶水解条件:酶解温度为52.5℃,调节pH值为10.50,加入4%的碱性蛋白酶酶解3.6h;调节pH值至8.00,加入4.4%的胰蛋白酶酶解3.2h,所得水解液的水解度可达33.42%。复合酶水解胶原多肽的分子量分布在400~1 400u。【结论】确定了鹿茸胶原多肽碱性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶复合水解的工艺条件。 相似文献
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Townsend D Lahankar SA Lee SK Chambreau SD Suits AG Zhang X Rheinecker J Harding LB Bowman JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5699):1158-1161
We present a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of formaldehyde (H2CO) dissociation to H2 and CO at energies just above the threshold for competing H elimination. High-resolution state-resolved imaging measurements of the CO velocity distributions reveal two dissociation pathways. The first proceeds through a well-established transition state to produce rotationally excited CO and vibrationally cold H2. The second dissociation pathway yields rotationally cold CO in conjunction with highly vibrationally excited H2. Quasi-classical trajectory calculations performed on a global potential energy surface for H2CO suggest that this second channel represents an intramolecular hydrogen abstraction mechanism: One hydrogen atom explores large regions of the potential energy surface before bonding with the second H atom, bypassing the saddle point entirely. 相似文献
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园林废弃物堆肥中木质素降解菌的鉴定及其降解能力研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
【目的】筛选出具有木质素降解功能的菌株,用于园林废弃物降解.【方法】通过对从园林废弃物高温好氧发酵堆体中筛选得到的菌株进行分子生物学鉴定,得出目标菌,并将该菌接种在灭菌的小叶榕枝条上,测定小叶榕枝条的木质素、纤维素和半纤维素含量.【结果和结论】结果表明,目标菌为一株链霉菌Streptomyces sp.;在小叶榕碎枝条上接种不同用量(5%、10%、15%)的该菌一级发酵液,培养45 d后,与对照相比,木质素质量分数可降低22.48%,半纤维素质量分数可降低26.60%. 相似文献
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[目的]优化鲍鱼内脏多糖酶解工艺条件,为鲍鱼内脏多糖的提取和高值化利用提供技术支持.[方法]以杂交鲍内脏为原料、多糖提取率为评价指标,从6种蛋白酶中筛选出提取鲍鱼内脏多糖的适宜酶制剂,并在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面法对多糖提取率影响较大的蛋白酶作用条件进行优化,依据回归分析确定其最适作用条件.[结果]胰蛋白酶是提取鲍鱼内脏多糖的适宜酶制剂;各因素对鲍鱼内脏多糖提取率的影响排序为料液比>pH>加酶量,料液比与pH的交互作用对多糖提取率影响显著(P<0.05),而料液比与加酶量、pH与加酶量的交互作用对多糖提取率影响不显著(P>0.05).胰蛋白酶提取鲍鱼内脏多糖的最适工艺条件为:料液比1:49(g/mL)、pH 8.6、加酶量2.1%、酶解时间2 h、酶解温度37℃,在此条件下,鲍鱼内脏多糖提取率为6.97%,与预测值(6.99%)接近.[结论]通过响应面试验优化的胰蛋白酶酶解工艺可有效提取鲍鱼内脏多糖,建立的回归模型可用于实际生产预测. 相似文献
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以菜花为原料制备粗酶液,以邻苯二酚为底物,采用分光光度法在420 nm波长下研究温度、pH值、底物浓度对菜花多酚氧化酶活性的影响,建立相应的酶促褐变反应动力学方程,并探讨了氯化镁、十二烷基硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、L-半胱氨酸、抗坏血酸等对酶活性的影响.结果表明,菜花多酚氧化酶的最适pH值为7.0,最适温度为50℃,50℃加热10 min仍保留61%的活性.其米氏常数和最大反应速率分别是0.056 23 mol·L-1和8.650 5U·min-1.氯化镁、十二烷基硫酸钠可增强菜花PPO活性,亚硫酸氢钠、L-半胱氨酸、抗坏血酸可抑制其活性. 相似文献