H5亚型禽流感病毒间接免疫荧光快速诊断方法的建立

本研究以当前严重威胁我国养禽业的高致病性禽流感H5亚型病毒为研究对象，病毒在犬肾细胞（MDCK）上培养增殖，经蔗糖梯度离心对病毒进行纯化，免疫清洁级的新西兰公兔，高免血清经辛酸-硫酸铵法和葡聚糖G50柱纯化，制得第一抗体。以FITC标记的山羊抗兔IgG为第二抗体，通过反应条件的优化，建立了间接免疫荧光快速诊断方法。本法的最佳检测组织为心肌和胰腺，检测时间只需3小时，本法可检出人工感染后36小时尚未表现出临床症状鸡只中的病毒，对禽流感H7亚型、H9亚型病、新城疫、传染性支气管炎和传染性喉气管炎禽出败等病料进行特异性检验结果均为阴性。运用本方法对69个禽场的临床病料进行了检测，检测结果与鸡胚分离法进行比对，9个阳性场（广东省2004年9个原疫点的病料）的9份病料中，检出8份阳性；而鸡胚分离法阴性样品，本法检测结果与之完全相符。本法用于禽流感H5亚型病毒的快速诊断具有快速、简便、敏感、特异、费用低廉和不存在交叉污染等优点，在当前流行的H5亚型高致病性禽流感快速诊断中具有良好的应用前景。     

H9亚型禽流感病毒基质蛋白M1单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

本研究用纯化的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合。对杂交瘤细胞及时筛选,阳性孔经3次有限稀释法克隆,成功获得3株能稳定传代并分泌抗H9亚型禽流感病毒基质蛋白M1单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞：3G8、2F6、5F2。间接ELISA方法检测,3株单克隆抗体的腹水间接ELISA效价达106以上。构建了真核表达载体pCAGGS-M1并转染于MDCK细胞,以用于腹水的Western blot和间接免疫荧光鉴定。间接免疫荧光结果表明,3株单克隆抗体皆与真核表达蛋白M1反应。这些单克隆抗体的制备为后期研究M1蛋白在流感病毒复制与出芽过程中的重要生物学功能奠定了基础。     

检测禽流感病毒抗体的重组核蛋白间接ELISA方法的建立

以大肠杆菌系统表达的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒（AIV）核蛋白（NP）为抗原，建立了禽流感间接酶联免疫吸附试验抗体检测技术（NP—ELISA）。对263份待检血清（包括临床收集的243份血清和20份H9N2亚型AIV免疫鸡阳性血清）进行检测，NP—ELISA与琼脂免疫扩散试验（AGP）的总符合率为83．3％，与血凝抑制试验（HI）的总符合率为92％。特异性试验表明，NP—ELISA方法可以检测H5、H7和H9亚型AIV特异性抗体，检测为阳性的血清样品能够被阳性鸡胚尿囊液阻断。敏感性试验证实，NP—ELISA最早可以检测鸡感染后7d的血清样品，并于感染后10d确定100％血清阳性，而AGP检测直到首免后21～28d才出现部分血清阳性，HI检测直到10～14d才出现部分血清阳性，并且NP-ELISA要比HI敏感4～40倍。试验证明，NP—ELISA是检测AIV血清型特异性抗体的一种特异、敏感、快速、经济的血清学检测技术。     

具有HI活性的H1亚型流感病毒特异性单克隆抗体的制备与应用

为了制备具有HI活性的HI亚型流感病毒特异性单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究以H1N1亚型猪流感病毒(SIV)株A/Swine/Guangdong/718/01(H1N1)为免疫原,免疫BALB/c小鼠,经常规细胞融合后,血凝抑制(HI)方法进行检测,融合细胞经稀释克隆纯化后,获得11株能稳定分泌抗血凝素特异性HI MAb的杂交瘤细胞株。鉴定表明,所获MAb与其他具有血凝活性的病毒以及其他14个HA亚型的流感病毒均不具有HI交叉反应,表明这11株MAb均具有良好的流感病毒亚型特异性。其中A6F、2BBF和2BB与其他H1亚型流感病毒分离株的HI试验证实我国不同地区分离株之间的抗原性存在一定差异。11株MAb对H1SIV抗原的HI试验结果显示其HI效价有明显差异。叠加实验表明这些MAb分别识别HA抗原的不同表位。间接免疫荧光试验表明,2BBF、8HB、1DH、7FC和2BB均可与2009年流行H1N1病毒A/California/04/2009HA抗原发生特异性反应。这些MAb特异性的研制为H1亚型流感病毒的疫情病原学快速诊断以及病毒抗原性变异的相关研究提供了物质基础。     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒中和单克隆抗体的制备与应用

为建立H9N2亚型禽流感病毒（Avian influenza virus,AIV）免疫层析快速检测技术,本研究以差速离心法纯化H9N2亚型AIV免疫BALB/c小鼠,将免疫小鼠脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行细胞融合和HAT选择性培养;以H9N2亚型AIV感染MDCK细胞建立异源免疫过氧化物酶单层细胞试验（IPMA）的单克隆抗体检测方法,通过对杂交瘤细胞的IPMA筛选和连续克隆化筛选鉴定抗H9N2亚型AIV中和性单克隆抗体;以胶体金标记HA单克隆抗体,配对HA单克隆抗体和羊抗小鼠IgG为检测线和质控线,制备H9N2亚型AIV快速检测试纸条,测定其特异性和敏感性。结果显示,获得了11株稳定分泌抗H9N2亚型AIV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,其单克隆抗体腹水IPMA效价在1.28×10^-4至2.56×10^-5之间。单克隆抗体3A2、5H6、6B8、7E10和9G12血凝抑制试验（HI）显示血凝抑制活性,其（HI）效价在6log2~9log2之间。单克隆抗体3A2、6B8和9G12在病毒中和试验中对H9N2亚型AIV有显著病毒中和活性,中和效价分别1∶6 400、1∶25 600和1∶25 600。Western blotting结果提示,该中和单克隆抗体识别HA蛋白线性抗原表位。利用配对单克隆抗体3A2和9G12研制的H9N2亚型AIV检测试纸条检测H9N2亚型AIV尿囊液的效价为9log2,灵敏度与经典血凝试验（HA）相当,与其他亚型AIV （H1、H3、H5、H7）,以及新城疫病毒和鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒等相关病毒均无交叉反应。本研究制备了具有病毒中和活性的抗H9N2亚型AIV单克隆抗体,并初步研制了H9N2亚型AIV检测试纸条,为H9N2亚型AIV新型疫苗研制和快速检测奠定良好的研究基础。     

H7N9亚型禽流感病毒三重PCR检测方法的建立

In order to develop a rapid and simultaneous assay for H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus （AIV）, three pairs of specific primers were designed according to the conserved sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of H7 subtype AIV, the neuramidinase (NA) gene of N9 subtype AIV, and the matix (M) gene of all subtypes AIV. The reaction conditions were optimized, and the specificity and sensitivity of this method were evaluated to develop a triplex PCR assay. It was shown that H7N9 subtype AIV could be amplified into three specific bands by this triplex PCR, the lengths of these bands were 330 (H7 AIV), 207 (N9 AIV) and 632 bp (all AIV), respectively. Samples containing H7 or N9 subtype AIV could be amplified into two specific bands, which were 330 and 632, 207 and 632 bp, respectively. Samples containing other subtypes AIV could be amplified into a 632 bp specific band. No specific band was amplified from other avian pathogenic virus. Sensitivity test results showed that as low as 10³ copies/μL H7N9 subtype AIV could be detected. This triplex PCR could simultaneously diagnose H7N9 subtype AIV, single H7 subtype AIV, single N9 subtype AIV and other subtype AIV in one tube. This assay was a rapid, specific and sensitive method for the detection of H7N9 subtype AIV. It could be applied in rapid diagnosis for clinical samples, and also provided a technical support to prevent and control H7N9 subtype AIV.     

抗蓝舌病病毒VP6和VP7蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为制备针对蓝舌病病毒(BTV)的单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究利用血清型1型BTV(BTV1)免疫BALB/c鼠,将其脾淋巴细胞与SP2/0进行融合,并用BTV1包被ELISA板,通过间接ELISA方法筛选出3株稳定分泌抗BTV1的MAb的杂交瘤细胞株(2B10、3D4和4H8)。利用表达BTV1主要蛋白的真核表达重组质粒转染BHK-21后,对所制备的杂交瘤细胞株上清进行间接免疫荧光(IFA)以及western blot鉴定,结果显示:2B10和4H8与VP7蛋白反应,而3D4与VP6蛋白反应。同时,IFA鉴定结果进一步表明,3株MAb与24个血清型的BTV均可以发生反应。本研究制备的MAb为建立BTV免疫学检测方法和相关病毒蛋白的功能研究奠定了基础。     

禽流感油乳剂灭活疫苗的研究

将6种不同亚型的禽流感病毒（AIVH2N9、H3N8、H5N1、H5N2、H7N1、H9N2）分别接种鸡胚,收获尿囊液,经甲醛灭活,以矿物油为佐剂制成油乳剂灭活疫苗。疫苗接种4和8周龄SPF鸡,注苗后均无不良反应。每种亚型疫苗免疫后14天和21天攻毒保护率均达90％-100％。分别用H5N1和H9N2亚型灭活疫苗免疫8周龄SPF鸡、25和28周龄健康商品蛋鸡,免疫后7天产生免疫力,14天保护率达100％,21天后抗体达高峰,仔鸡接苗后最高血凝抑制（HI）几何平均滴度（GMT）为7.3-8.0log2,蛋鸡为8.0-10.5log2。免疫后180天,抗体效价不低于6.5log2。免疫后180天分别以AIV攻击,H5亚型疫苗组,用强毒攻击无一发病和死亡,对照鸡全部发病死亡;H9亚型疫苗组,对照鸡在攻毒后72小时停产,免疫鸡无一发病且产蛋正常,对同源攻毒的保护率达100％。     

禽流感病毒HA1蛋白的原核表达及其免疫原性的初步研究

从H9N2亚型禽流感病毒感染的鸡胚尿囊液中提取病毒RNA,RT-PCR克隆全长血凝素(Hemagglutinin,HA)基因,并进一步克隆HA的主要抗原区HA1基因.将HA1克隆到原核表达载体pGEXKG,与谷胱苷肽(GST)融合表达,表达的融合蛋白GST-HA1以包涵体形式存在.包涵体经变性、复性处理,Western blot分析表明,表达蛋白具有良好的免疫学活性.ELISA检测发现,GST-HA1只能与H9亚型禽流感病毒抗体发生反应,而与H5和H7亚型禽流感病毒抗体无交叉反应.进一步将纯化的融合蛋白与佐剂混合后免疫Balb/c小鼠,免疫小鼠体内产生了较高滴度的特异性抗体.制备的HA1蛋白特异性强,具有良好的免疫原性,为禽流感病毒的鉴别诊断和禽流感疫苗开发奠定了基础.     

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of avian influenza virus subtypes H5 and H7 antibodies

Background

Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5 and H7 attracts particular attention because of the risk of their potential pathogenicity in poultry. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test is widely used as subtype specific test for serological diagnostics despite the laborious nature of this method. However, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are being explored as an alternative test method.H5 and H7 specific monoclonal antibodies were experimentally raised and used in the development of inhibition ELISAs for detection of serological response specifically directed against AIV subtypes H5 and H7. The ELISAs were evaluated with polyclonal chicken anti-AIV antibodies against AIV subtypes: H1N2, H5N2, H5N7, H7N1, H7N7, H9N9, H10N4 and H16N3.

Results

Both the H5 and H7 ELISA proved to have a high sensitivity and specificity and the ELISAs detected H5 and H7 antibodies earlier during experimental infection than the HI test did. The reproducibility of the ELISA’s performed at different times was high with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.96-0.98.

Conclusions

The ELISAs are a potential alternative to the HI test for screening of large amounts of avian sera, although only experimental sera were tested in this study.     

具有HI活性的抗H5亚型流感病毒特异性单克隆抗体的研制

以H5N1亚型禽流感病毒分离株A/Duck/Zhejiang/11/00(H5N1)(DZJ/1100)作为免疫原,浓缩纯化后免疫BALB/c小鼠,三次免疫后,取免疫小鼠脾细胞与SP2/O细胞融合,融合阳性细胞用血凝抑制(HI)方法进行检测,阳性细胞株经三代克隆纯化后,获得三株能稳定分泌抗血凝素特异性HI单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为DD7、FG10、CG12.三株杂交瘤细胞株产生的小鼠腹水和细胞培养液上清的HI滴度分别是213、215、211和27、8、23.与其他具有血凝活性的禽类病毒以及其他14个HA亚型的禽流感病毒的交叉HI试验表明:这三株单抗具有良好的禽流感病毒亚型特异性;与其他H5亚型流感病毒分离株的HI试验和中和试验证实这三株单抗具有良好的交叉性(分别为7/8、8/8、8/8)和中和活性(6/8、8/8、8/8).该亚型特异性单克隆抗体的研制成功为H5亚型禽流感病毒的疫情病原学快速诊断提供了坚实的物质保障.     

H5亚型AIV HA抗原表位重组蛋白McAbs的制备及应用

目的以H5亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)的血凝素(HA)抗原表位重组表达蛋白为抗原,探索H5亚型AIV单克隆抗体制备的简便有效途径。方法利用H5亚型AIV的HA抗原表位原核表达重组蛋白为抗原,4次免疫8～10周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠后,取小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,用间接ELISA方法筛选能分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,并对单克隆抗体的特性及初步应用价值进行测试。结果得到一株能稳定分泌针对H5亚型AIVHA抗原表位的特异性单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,单克隆抗体ELISA效价达1:5×104,为具有IgK轻链的IgM亚类。该单克隆抗体能特异性地与H5亚型AIV产生肉眼可见的WesternBlot免疫印迹反应,与其它供试的禽病抗原无反应。H5N1亚型AIV阳性血清能有效阻断辣根过氧化酶标记的单克隆抗体与HA抗原表位重组蛋白的结合。结论本研究探索出一条利用H5亚型AIV的HA抗原表位重组表达蛋白为抗原的单克隆抗体制备的简便、高效途径,所制备的单克隆抗体稳定性好、效价高、特异性强,在H5亚型禽流感病毒及其血清学检测中有较高的应用价值。     

Serological evidence of avian influenza virus subtype H5 and H9 in live bird market,Myanmar

Avian Influenza (AI), caused by Alphainfluenzaviruses (AIVs), is a contagious respiratory disease in birds and mammals. AIVs have been reported in poultry worldwide and the impact of AIVs on human health is immense. In this study, a serological survey of AIV subtype H5 and H9 was conducted in a live bird market (LBM) in Yangon, Myanmar during February 2016 to September 2016. A total of 621 serum samples were collected from chickens (n = 489) and ducks (n = 132) from 48 vendors in the LBM. The samples were examined for antibodies against influenza viruses by using NP-ELISA and specific antibodies against AIV-H5N1 (Clade 2.3.4) and AIV-H9N2 (Clade 9.4.2) by using Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay. The result of NP-ELISA assay showed that 12.88 % (80/621) of poultry in LBM was positive for AIV antibodies. In detail, 38.06 % (51/134) of layers, 7.08 % (8/113) of backyard chicken, 2.07 % (5/242) of broilers and 12.12 % (16/132) of ducks were AIV positive. The HI test for specific antibodies against AIV-H5N1 and AIV-H9N2 were 1.77 % (11/621) and 4.51 % (28/621), respectively. Our findings revealed the evidence of AIV-H5N1 and AIV-H9N2 exposure in both chicken and ducks in the LBM in Yangon, Myanmar. Risks of influenza infections and transmission among poultry and humans in the LBMs could not be ignored.     

蓝舌病病毒重组VP7蛋白单克隆抗体制备及竞争ELISA检测方法的建立

为了建立蓝舌病(BT)的血清学诊断方法,本研究利用原核表达的蓝舌病病毒(BTV)血清型12型VP7纯化蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备2株单克隆抗体(MAb),分别命名为BTV-2D10和BTV-4H7。IFA试验表明,2株MAb均能与BTV 24个血清型发生特异性反应,而与茨城病病毒(IBAV)、中山病病毒(CV)、赤羽病病毒(AKAV)、牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)、牛轮状病毒(BRV)、牛肠道病毒(BEV)、牛呼肠孤病毒(RV)及口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)无交叉反应,表明2株MAb均为BTV群特异性抗体。采用重组表达的VP7蛋白作为包被抗原建立的竞争ELISA方法证明,BTV-4H7 MAb对不同血清型BTV阳性血清具有良好的阻断效果,而对AKAV、IBAV、BRV和FMDV阳性血清无阻断作用。本研究建立的竞争ELISA方法与IDEXX公司的试剂盒检测包括65份已知背景血清和322份采自广西省的山羊血清样品,检测结果符合率分别达100%和98%。该竞争ELISA方法的建立为BTV抗体的监测提供了安全、快速、准确的技术手段。     

Expression of H9N2 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus HA Gene and Preparation of its Mono-specific Serum

To prepare the mono-specific serum to diagnose H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV),this test extracted H9N2 subtype AIV RNA and then amplified the upper HA1 gene,the middle HA2 gene and the lower HA3 gene by RT-PCR,respectively.Then they were inserted into expression vector pET-32a(+) and transformed into BL21(Rosetta) expression strain.The expressed proteins were used to immune Kunming White mice to prepare antiserum.Recombinant fusion proteins of HA1 HA2 and HA3 were obtained successfully and they showed good immunogenicity.Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) showed that the two serums obtained by the upper HA1 and the middle HA2 could react with the H9N2 subtype AIV,while that of the lower HA3 could not.Recombinant Marek's disease virus (MDV) MZC12 HA/NA also proved that the serums prepared by HA1 and HA2 could recognize the expression of HA gene.The mono-specific serum of H9N2 subtype AIV was prepared successfully,which could lay the foundation for the diagnosis and research of H9N2 subtype AIV.     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒HA基因的表达及其单因子血清的制备

为了制备特异性识别H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的单因子血清,本试验提取H9N2亚型AIV RNA,RT-PCR后,分别扩增上段HA1、中段HA2和下段HA33段基因。将他们插入原核表达载体pET-32a(+)中,转化BL21(Rosetta)菌株中表达。将表达的蛋白常规免疫昆明白小鼠,以制备抗血清。结果显示,成功获得3段重组融合蛋白,且均具有良好的免疫原性。间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)结果显示,上段HA1、中段HA2制备的单因子血清均可与H9N2亚型AIV反应,而下段HA3则不能。重组马立克氏病病毒(MDV)MZC12 HA/NA同样证明HA1、HA2两段制备的单因子血清能识别HA基因的表达。本试验成功制备了识别H9N2亚型AIV HA的单因子血清,为H9N2亚型AIV的鉴别诊断及研究奠定了基础。     

H9亚型禽流感病毒HA1基因的克隆表达及其生物学活性的初步分析

根据GenBank已发表序列设计引物，通过RT-PCR成功获得了H9亚型禽流感病毒北京分离株A／Chicken／Beijing／1／96（H9N2）的HA1片段，经序列分析HA1片段与其他已发表序列同源性为95％～98％。将HA1片段克隆入pET．28a的多克隆位点构建重组质粒pET28-H9HA1并转化宿主菌BL21（DE3），用IPTG诱导表达，经SDS-PAGE电泳及Western blot分析证实，H9HA1片段得到表达，并且表达的蛋白带分为42Ku和23Ku两条。血凝实验和血凝抑制实验表明原核表达的HA1蛋白不具备血凝活性，其阳性血清不能引起血凝抑制。交叉反应实验证实原核表达的重组蛋白能与禽流感病毒H9亚型单特异性血清反应，而与禽流感病毒H5、H7亚型以及其他禽传染病病原微生物单特异性血清无交叉反应。说明表达的蛋白具有良好的反应原性和特异性，有开发成为H9亚型禽流感检测试剂的可能。     

H5亚型禽流感单克隆抗体的研制及应用

以禽流感H5亚型病毒分别免疫BABL／C小鼠，取其脾细胞与SP2／0骨髓瘤细胞融合，用血凝抑制试验(HI)和间接ELISA检测细胞上清液，结果获得了3株抗禽流感H5亚型病毒特异性单克隆抗体，分别命名为186，1D4，7D1；其中1D4株为抗禽流感H5亚型病毒血凝素特异性单克隆抗体细胞株．186株和7D1株为针对禽流感病毒NP蛋白的单克隆抗体细胞株。经3次亚克隆后，100％杂交瘤细胞保持了分泌抗禽流感病毒抗体的能力。这些单克隆抗体小鼠腹水ELISA效价为10^5，HI效价为2^11-12。研究结果表明，所有这些单克隆抗体仅与相应的禽流感病毒株发生特异性反应，而不与鸡新城疫病毒、产蛋下降综合征病毒、鹅副粘病毒等反应。所有这些单抗在禽流感诊断中将发挥重要作用。     

Evaluation of the infectivity, length of infection, and immune response of a low-pathogenicity H7N2 avian influenza virus in specific-pathogen-free chickens

The H7N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) field isolate (H7N2/chicken/PA/3779-2/97), which caused the 1997-98 AIV outbreak in Pennsylvania, was evaluated for its infectivity, length of infection, and immune response in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. The composite findings of three clinical trials with various concentrations of virus indicated that this H7N2 subtype contained minimal pathogenicity for chickens. The concentration of the virus in the inoculum proved critical in the establishment of a productive infection in a chicken. Seven-day-old SPF chickens were not infected when inoculated with 10(0.7-2.0) mean embryo lethal dose (ELD50) of the H7N2 virus per bird. At this dose level, the immune response to this virus was not detected by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. Nonetheless, chickens at ages of 5 and 23 wk old tested were successfully infected when exposed to 10(4.7-5.7) ELD50 of H7N2 infectious doses per bird by various routes of administration and also by direct contact. Infected birds started shedding virus as early as 2 days postinoculation, and the period of virus shedding occurred mostly within 1 or 2 wk postinoculation (WPI). This H7N2 subtype of AIV induced a measurable immune response in all birds within 2 wk after virus exposure. Antibody titers were associated with AIV infectious doses and age of exposure of birds. Challenge of these infected birds with the same H7N2 virus at 5 and 10 WPI indicated the infective virus was recoverable from cloacal swabs at 3 days postchallenge and disappeared thereafter. In these challenged birds, the antibody levels as measured by the HI test spiked within 1-2 wk.     

猪脑心肌炎病毒VP2蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及其识别表位分析

为获得针对猪源EMCV结构蛋白VP2的特异性单克隆抗体,本试验以EMCV结构蛋白VP2为对象,将EMCVBJC3株VP2基因定向插入穿梭质粒中,构建重组腺病毒AdV—VP2,免疫BALB／c小鼠制备单克隆抗体,利用Pepscan技术对单抗识别的抗原位点进行分析。结果显示,间接ELISA及间接免疫荧光法筛选获得了2个阳性细胞克隆株,命名为C11和G8。经检测杂交瘤细胞培养上清抗体效价为1：1600,腹水效价分别为1：2．56×106和1：1.28×106,中和试验鉴定均无中和活性。Western—blot鉴定表明获得的2株单抗均能识别原核表达的重组VP2蛋白。亚类鉴定结果显示2株单抗均为IgG2b亚类,轻链均为κ型。Pepscan分析结果显示,这2株单抗可分别识别EMCVVP2蛋白上的2个B细胞线性表位。本研究获得的蛋白十分接近于其天然构象,很大程度上保证了病毒表面抗原位点的结构和功能。