Spontaneous emission spectrum in double quantum dot devices

A double quantum dot device is a tunable two-level system for electronic energy states. A dc electron current was used to directly measure the rates for elastic and inelastic transitions between the two levels. For inelastic transitions, energy is exchanged with bosonic degrees of freedom in the environment. The inelastic transition rates are well described by the Einstein coefficients, relating absorption with stimulated and spontaneous emission. The most effectively coupled bosons in the specific environment of the semiconductor device used here were acoustic phonons. The experiments demonstrate the importance of vacuum fluctuations in the environment for quantum dot devices and potential design constraints for their use for preparing long-lived quantum states.     

The infrared spectrum of Al2H6 in solid hydrogen

Although many volatile binary boron hydride compounds are known, binary aluminum hydride chemistry is limited to the polymeric (AlH3)(n) solid. The reaction of laser-ablated aluminum atoms and pure H2 during codeposition at 3.5 kelvin, followed by ultraviolet irradiation and annealing to 6.5 kelvin, allows dimerization of the intermediate AlH3 photolysis product to form Al2H6. The Al2H6 molecule is identified by seven new infrared absorptions that are accurately predicted by quantum chemical calculations for dibridged Al2H6, a molecule that is isostructural with diborane.     

The rotational spectrum of the water-hydroperoxy radical (H2O-HO2) complex

Peroxy radicals and their derivatives are elusive but important intermediates in a wide range of oxidation processes. We observed pure rotational transitions of the water-hydroperoxy radical complex, H2O-HO2, in a supersonic jet by means of a Fourier transform microwave spectrometer combined with a double-resonance technique. The observed rotational transitions were found to split into two components because of the internal rotation of the water moiety. The molecular constants for the two components were determined precisely, supporting a molecular structure in which HO2 acts as a proton donor to form a nearly planar five-membered ring, and one hydrogen atom of water sticks out from the ring plane. The structure and the spectral splittings due to internal rotation provide information on the nature of the bonding interaction between open- and closed-shell species, and they also provide accurate transition frequencies that are applicable to remote sensing of this complex, which may elucidate its potential roles in atmospheric and combustion chemistry.     

Microwave emission spectrum of the moon: mean global heat flow and average depth of the regolith

Earth-based observations of the lunar microwave brightness temperature spectrum at wavelengths between 5 and 500 centimeters, when reexamined in the light of physical property data derived from the Apollo program, tentatively support the high heat flows measured in situ and indicate that a regolith thickness between 10 and 30 meters may characterize a large portion of the lunar near side.     

脱氮微生物脱氮性能及N_2O逸出量研究

[目的]研究具有好氧反硝化特性的异养硝化细菌NYMO和NYTE同时进行硝化和反硝化作用的能力及好氧反硝化菌HWTT的产物N2O逸出量情况。[方法]通过NH4＋-N和NO3--N的质量浓度的变化情况来分析细菌硝化作用和反硝化作用的能力,采用空气密封摇瓶培养和额外补充O2保证好氧条件的2种方式培养菌株HWTT。[结果]菌株NYMO和NYTE 2 d内NH4＋-N去除率为34.60%和35.08%,NO3--N去除率为33.40%和99.92%[结论]NYMO和NYTE具有异养硝化好氧反硝化能力。缺氧条件下,N2O逸出量最高值为0.15μmol,N2O/（N2O＋N2）低于0.15%;好氧条件下,N2O逸出量为35.71μmol,N2O/（N2O＋N2）为70%以上。     

The short-term temporal spectrum of precipitable water vapor

Short-term power spectra of the fluctuations in the precipitable water vapor measured with a dual-channel microwave radiometer are presented. The spectra, taken over 34-hour sampling periods, encompass periodicities from I day to about 10 minutes. The fluctuation power is associated with the average precipitable water vapor for the sampling period. The background noise spectrum of the radiometric instrument is also discussed.     

放线菌Snea253代谢产物杀线虫谱研究

采用稀释分离法室内测定了放线菌Snea253的发酵代谢产物对北方根结线虫、南方根结线虫、水稻干尖线虫和小杆线虫的毒力作用.结果表明:菌株Snea253的代谢物对北方根结线虫和南方根结线虫表现出较高的生物活性,对水稻干尖线虫毒力较弱,对小杆线虫毒力最弱,即对不同种类线虫存在选择性毒力差异,而且随稀释倍数增加毒力减弱.     

The rotational spectrum and structure of the HOOO radical

The adduct of the hydroxyl radical with oxygen has been studied theoretically, in connection with atmospheric reactions, but its stability and structure remained an open question. Pure rotational spectra of the HOOO and DOOO radicals have now been observed in a supersonic jet by using a Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer with a pulsed discharge nozzle. The molecular constants extracted from 12 rotational transitions with fine and hyperfine splittings support a trans planar molecular structure, in contrast to the cis planar structure predicted by most ab initio calculations. The bond linking the HO and O2 moieties is fairly long (1.688 angstroms) and comparable to the F-O bond in the isoelectronic FOO radical.     

不同生物质材料的表面自由能

采用临界表面张力法、几何平均法、调和平均法和酸碱作用的试验方法,通过SIGMA 701(KSV)仪器测量麦秸表层、麦秸内层、狼尾草表层、狼尾草内层、福建柏薄木和杨木的表面自由能.结果表明,麦秸、狼尾草内层表面自由能均比其表层高,福建柏薄木和杨木的表面自由能比狼尾草与麦秸高,且杨木的表面自由能高于福建柏薄木.     

太阳能LED特征光谱害虫诱杀器

根据17种农林业主要害虫的趋光特性及敏感波长范围,以特征光谱LED害虫诱杀灯为核心,设计太阳能LED特征光谱害虫诱杀器.提出害虫趋光性具有特征光谱的概念,并阐述了昆虫反应阈值光谱的研究方法.     

改性尿素对土壤N2O排放的影响

通过室内培养试验,研究5种改性尿素对土壤N2O排放的效果,结果表明:当旱田土壤含水量较低(23%)时,NI(尿素 硝化抑制剂)处理的土壤NO排放效果最好,其次为FL(尿素 1.0?D 0.3%HQ)。当旱田土壤含水量较高(34%)时,FL处理的土壤N2O排放效果最好,其次为处理NI;当稻田土壤处于淹水状态时,Meister(包被尿素)处理的土壤N2O排放效果最好,其次为处理FL。该试验结果对于选取优良改性尿素进行田间试验、进一步探讨改良尿素对土壤N2O的排放效果具有指导意义。     

The spin excitation spectrum in superconducting YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6.85)

A comprehensive inelastic neutron scattering study of magnetic excitations in the near optimally doped high-temperature superconductor YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6.85) is presented. The spin correlations in the normal state are commensurate with the crystal lattice, and the intensity is peaked around the wave vector characterizing the antiferromagnetic state of the insulating precursor, YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6). Profound modifications of the spin excitation spectrum appear abruptly below the superconducting transition temperature T(c), where a commensurate resonant mode and a set of weaker incommensurate peaks develop. The data are consistent with models that are based on an underlying two-dimensional Fermi surface, predicting a continuous, downward dispersion relation connecting the resonant mode and the incommensurate excitations. The magnetic incommensurability in the YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+)(x) system is thus not simply related to that of another high-temperature superconductor, La(2-)(x)Sr(x)CuO(4), where incommensurate peaks persist well above T(c). The temperature-dependent incommensurability is difficult to reconcile with interpretations based on charge stripe formation in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+x) near optimum doping.     

福建省N_2O排放清单及其特征分析

通过核算福建省1980-2013年N_2O的排放清单,分析了N_2O的排放特征.结果表明:1980-2013年,福建省N_2O总排放量从19.2 Gg增加到37.6 Gg;在N_2O的排放源中,按照排放贡献比例从大到小排列依次为农用地、畜禽粪便管理、废水处理和能源消费活动;而按照增长速度从大到小排列依次为能源消费活动、废水处理、农用地和畜禽粪便管理.表明减少农田氮肥施用量是减少福建省N_2O排放的关键.     

The spectrum of comet austin from 910 to 1180 a

A spectrum of comet Austin (1988 c(1)) has been obtained from 910 to 1180 A. Three bright emission lines were detected, including a forbidden oxygen line (1128 A), which are attributable to radiative pumping of neutral oxygen by solar Lyman beta. The relative strengths of the observed features should prove to be a useful diagnostic of the physical conditions and radiation fields in cometary comae. In addition, the absence of strong spectral features from highly volatile species such as He, Ar, or N(2) can be used to place constraints on the thermal environment under which the comet was formed and has been processed.     

Rotationally resolved infrared spectrum of the charge transfer complex [Ar-N2]+

Difficulties in preparing cluster ions for spectroscopic studies have limited our understanding of intermolecular forces in charged complexes that are typical of many reactive intermediates. Here, the infrared spectrum of the charge transfer complex [Ar-N2]+, recorded in a supersonic planar plasma with a tunable diode laser spectrometer, is presented. More than 70 adjacent rovibrational transitions were measured near 2272 wave numbers and assigned to the molecular nitrogen stretching fundamental in the 2Sigma+ ground state of [Ar-N2]+. The accurate structural parameters that were determined confirm a linear structure and show that the major part of the charge is located at the argon atom. The latter result is surprising and implies a charge switch of the cationic center upon complexation.     

The collapse of free polymer chains in a network

The conformation of linear polymer chains trapped in a matrix of cross-linked polymer has been measured by neutron scattering. Three regimes were found depending on the length of the linear chain, Nl, with respect to the mesh size of the network, N(c). When N(c) > Nl, the radius of gyration, R(g), of the linear chain is the same as that observed in the uncrosslinked melt. When N(c) < Nl, R(g) shrinks according to the scaling relation R(g)(-1) approximately N(c)(-1) that has been predicted for isolated polymer chains trapped in a field of random obstacles. When N(c) < Nl the linear chains are observed to segregate.     

Positron emission tomography reveals elevated D2 dopamine receptors in drug-naive schizophrenics

In postmortem studies of patients with schizophrenia, D2 dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia have been observed to be more numerous than in patients with no history of neurological or psychiatric disease. Because most patients with schizophrenia are treated with neuroleptic drugs that block D2 dopamine receptors in the caudate nucleus, it has been suggested that this increase in the number of receptors is a result of adaptation to these drugs rather than a biochemical abnormality intrinsic to schizophrenia. With positron emission tomography (PET), the D2 dopamine receptor density in the caudate nucleus of living human beings was measured in normal volunteers and in two groups of patients with schizophrenia--one group that had never been treated with neuroleptics and another group that had been treated with these drugs. D2 dopamine receptor densities in the caudate nucleus were higher in both groups of patients than in the normal volunteers. Thus, schizophrenia itself is associated with an increase in brain D2 dopamine receptor density.     

Climate sensitivity uncertainty and the need for energy without CO2 emission

The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change calls for "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system." Even if we could determine a "safe" level of interference in the climate system, the sensitivity of global mean temperature to increasing atmospheric CO2 is known perhaps only to a factor of three or less. Here we show how a factor of three uncertainty in climate sensitivity introduces even greater uncertainty in allowable increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration and allowable CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, unless climate sensitivity is low and acceptable amounts of climate change are high, climate stabilization will require a massive transition to CO2 emission-free energy technologies.     

玉米生长期黄土区土壤氧化亚氮产生和排放及其影响因子研究

采用土壤平衡气室法和密闭气室法,对玉米生长期对照(不施氮肥)和施氮处理(180 kg/hm2N)黄土区土壤剖面中N2O浓度和土壤表面N2O排放通量的变化及其影响因子进行了研究。结果表明,在玉米生长期,土壤剖面中N2O主要产生于7月和8月,且60 cm土层的N2O浓度最高,10 cm土层最低;施用氮肥不仅增加了土壤剖面中N2O的浓度,而且增加了土壤表面N2O的排放通量,玉米生长期对照和施氮处理的土壤表面N2O平均排放通量分别为(10.95±4.13)和(22.41±8.69)μg/(m2.h)。对照和施氮处理土壤剖面中N2O浓度和土壤表面N2O排放通量的变化趋势相同,但施氮处理土壤剖面中N2O浓度和N2O排放通量均明显高于对照。土壤温度、水分以及土壤NO3--N含量是土壤N2O产生和排放的主要影响因子。