柬埔寨雨季大棚甜瓜黄板诱虫试验

在柬埔寨简易避雨大棚内进行黄板诱虫试验,初步掌握了网纹甜瓜田间昆虫的种群结构是以烟粉虱、斑潜蝇、果蝇、蓟马、绒茧蜂等为主。分析了黄板不同悬挂方位对主要昆虫诱虫效果的差异性,结果表明,黄板悬挂在瓜架上部或下部比悬挂在中部诱虫效果明显,且对几种主要害虫的诱集效果具有显著性差异;而悬挂方向对诱虫数量没有差异显著性。本试验对吊蔓栽培作物如何合理利用黄板开展害虫预测预报与防控有借鉴意义。     

日光温室内黄板对烟粉虱的诱杀作用

在日光温室黄瓜田内,就黄板对烟粉虱的诱杀作用进行了研究。结果表明：在日光温室内,黄板悬置高度对烟粉虱成虫的诱集量有一定影响,其中黄板以下沿在黄瓜平均生长点-20 cm处的诱杀效果最佳,与其他处理差异达极显著水平,其平均诱虫量分别是-10 、0 cm 和10 cm处理的1.9、6.1倍和7.0倍;黄板的悬置方向对烟粉虱的诱集效果也有明显影响,其中以东北/西南方向悬挂的黄板诱集效果最好,诱虫量分别是东/西、南/北和东南/西北3个方向处理的9.24、15.64倍和9.61倍,差异均达极显著水平。     

黄、蓝板不同悬挂高度对油菜露尾甲诱集效果研究初报

为明确蓝、黄板2种色板对油菜露尾甲的诱集效果,本试验在油菜显蕾前期至终花期结束,使用蓝、黄两种色板设置不同悬挂高度对油菜露尾甲进行诱集。结果表明,蓝板下端高于油菜顶部10 cm悬挂时,对油菜露尾甲诱集效果最好,悬挂期间总诱虫量为2 162头/板;同一悬挂高度,蓝板诱集油菜露尾甲效果极显著优于黄板;色板下端距离油菜顶部10 cm挂板高度的蓝、黄色板对油菜露尾甲的诱虫量极显著高于距油菜顶部20 cm和30 cm挂板高度时的诱虫量。     

不同高度黄板对水稻田害虫的诱集效应

水稻害虫危害严重,长期化学防控导致米质下降、环境污染。为有效减少水稻田害虫虫口密度,提高稻米品质,减轻环境污染,本试验于2020年在荆州水稻田内以水稻抽穗期为参照物设置0 cm、10 cm、20 cm、30 cm、50 cm共5个不同高度的黄板来探究不同高度黄板对水稻田害虫的诱集效应。结果显示,黄板诱集的主要水稻田害虫为大青叶蝉、二化螟、白背飞虱,其中0 cm、10 cm是诱集大青叶蝉的最佳选择高度;20 cm是诱集白背飞虱的最佳选择高度;但5种不同高度对二化螟诱集效果无差异。研究表明,黄板的不同设置高度对水稻田害虫的诱集效果有一定影响,为发展水稻田害虫黄板防治技术提供理论指导和依据。     

黄板不同悬挂位置和高度对平菇菇房眼蕈蚊诱杀效果的影响

黄板诱杀是防治菇蚊蝇的常见措施。为探索平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)菇房中,黄板悬挂位置与高度对眼蕈蚊(sciarid flies)成虫诱杀效果的影响,本试验选取日光温室型平菇菇房,在成虫盛发期,先后设置双风口和单风口两种通风模式,调查了棚室内北、中、南3个方位及其1、1.5、2、2.5 m等不同悬挂高度的黄板诱杀眼蕈蚊的数量,并分析了诱虫数量与悬挂位置的照度值之间的关系。结果显示,开双风口时,黄板悬挂在棚南侧2.0 m处时诱杀效果最佳;在只开腰风口时,最佳位置为北侧高度为1 m处。回归分析表明,诱虫数量与照度值之间的线性相关不显著。     

黄板对菜地黄曲条跳甲的诱杀试验

在十字花科蔬菜地中用黏性黄板可诱捕到菜蚜、黄曲条跳甲、美洲斑潜蝇、稻飞虱、叶蝉等害虫,其中对黄曲条跳甲成虫具有良好的诱杀效果.黄板的悬挂高度以黄板底边低于菜株顶部5cm或与菜株叶片顶部持平,对黄曲条跳甲成虫诱杀效果最佳,每日以11～15时诱虫量最多.黄板诱杀可以作为防治黄曲条跳甲的1种有效措施.     

不同种类色板与添加物协同对槟榔园害虫诱集的初步效果

为筛选出适宜的槟榔园粘虫板种类, 选择了3种粘板和4种添加物在槟榔园开展了粘虫板对害虫诱集效果研究。结果表明, 黄、蓝、黄蓝混合粘虫板均可诱集到一定量槟榔园害虫, 其中以黄板诱虫效果最佳, 总诱虫量及对蓟马、黑刺粉虱和叶蝉等3种监测害虫的诱集效果均优于蓝板和黄蓝混合板。4种添加物对黄板增效试验结果表明, 添加诱虫烯可显著提高诱虫总量, 添加诱虫烯或蜂蜜水可显著提高对蓟马的诱集量, 添加蜂蜜水可提高叶蝉诱虫量, 各添加物均对黄板诱集黑刺粉虱无增效作用。对蓝板的增效作用结果表明, 供试的4种添加物均可增加蓝板诱虫总量, 其中以诱虫烯和蜂蜜水的效果较好, 且两者之间无显著差异。各添加物中, 仅糖醋液对蓝板诱集叶蝉起到增效作用, 其余添加物对蓝板诱集蓟马、黑刺粉虱及叶蝉无增效作用。     

不同栽培模式下韭菜迟眼蕈蚊诱集方法比较

本文比较了室内和田间4种栽培模式:温室大棚、简易大棚+小拱棚、小拱棚、露地条件下黄板、糖醋酒液和清水3种方法对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫的诱集效果,并研究了黄板尺寸、高度、方向对引诱效果的影响。室内试验结果表明,黄板的诱虫效果最好且持效期长,其次是糖醋酒液,清水最差。其中黄板水平放置的诱虫效果好于竖直放置。田间试验结果和室内结果一致,黄板尺寸、高度和数量对引诱效果具有一定的影响,其中390cm2的黄板诱集效果优于其他尺寸,黄板平放于地面时的诱集效果好于离地面10cm和20cm的诱集效果。利用黄板诱杀后对下一代幼虫发生无影响,因此黄板可用于田间监测,不推荐用于防治。     

不同土壤填加剂及高温闷棚对防治根结线虫病的影响

本文比较了室内和田间4种栽培模式:温室大棚、简易大棚+小拱棚、小拱棚、露地条件下黄板、糖醋酒液和清水3种方法对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫的诱集效果,并研究了黄板尺寸、高度、方向对引诱效果的影响.室内试验结果表明,黄板的诱虫效果最好且持效期长,其次是糖醋酒液,清水最差.其中黄板水平放置的诱虫效果好于竖直放置.田间试验结果和室内结果一致,黄板尺寸、高度和数量对引诱效果具有一定的影响,其中390 cm2的黄板诱集效果优于其他尺寸,黄板平放于地面时的诱集效果好于离地面10 cm和20 cm的诱集效果.利用黄板诱杀后对下一代幼虫发生无影响,因此黄板可用于田间监测,不推荐用于防治.     

二化螟性诱剂在稻田的应用技术初探

在稻田进行二化螟性诱剂应用技术研究,结果表明:性诱剂悬挂高度50、75、100、125和150cm的诱蛾效果差异不显著;水盆诱捕器和粘胶诱捕器对二化螟的诱集效果差异不大,两者明显好于黄板的诱集效果;一个诱捕器放置2支、1支、0.5支诱芯,对二化螟的诱集效果差异不明显;不同型诱芯速效性和持效性不同。因此,在稻田应根据用途合理选择和放置性诱剂。     

正交试验法研究黄板对3种温室西葫芦害虫的诱杀作用

应用正交试验法研究了黄板悬挂高度、黄板形状、黄板距温室出口距离、黄板距北墙距离4个因素对黄板诱杀3种温室西葫芦害虫的影响。结果表明:4个因素对诱杀温室白粉虱都具有显著、极显著影响,黄板悬挂高度和黄板距出口距离对诱杀美洲斑潜蝇有显著影响;黄板距北墙距离对诱杀有翅瓜蚜具有极显著影响。黄板诱杀害虫的4因素组合为黄板高出植株0.2 m、平板形、距出口91 m、距北墙距离0.7 m时诱杀虫量最大。     

Estimation of fly population density of Bactrocera oleae in olive groves of Crete

Population density of adults of Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae) was obtained from olive trees during a two-year study by means of two different methods, namely, knock down by an insecticide applied as a fog (‘sondage’) and trap captures (of yellow sticky panels and McPhail traps baited with ammonium). First it was concluded that yellow sticky panel traps give a poor representation of the olive fruit fly population density of the olive grove. Yellow panel trap captures were significantly lower than McPhail’s (September) and than the actual population of B. oleae as recorded in olive tree canopy (August of 2008). When only McPhail captures were compared to the olive fruit fly population in the tree canopy, B. oleae captures in McPhail traps represented only a small percentage of the population that was recorded in the olive tree canopy (July and August of 2009). It was estimated that traps captured only 0.5% of the flies present within a radius of 20 m in the studied field (which consists of approximately 25 trees). However, during autumn (September), low trap captures of B. oleae can occur even when the fly population in the field is near zero.     

Trapping whiteflies? A comparison of greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) responses to trap crops and yellow sticky traps

BACKGROUND: Greenhouse whiteflies, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), are notorious pests that, through the reduction of crop yields and excretion of honeydew, cause significant economic losses for sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growers. Chemical and biological controls are the two most common forms of whitefly management in greenhouses. Consequently, insecticide resistance and inadequate control have rejuvenated interest in alternative tactics. In the present study, whitefly responses to trap crops (eggplant and squash) and yellow sticky traps were compared in order to identify the most effective traps for dispersing and resident adults. RESULTS: Results indicated that yellow sticky traps were most effective at trapping adult whiteflies. Significantly more dispersing whiteflies were recorded on eggplant than on squash trap crops. None of the traps significantly reduced adult populations on the main crops (peppers) compared with the control. However, yellow sticky traps did significantly reduce oviposition on peppers. CONCLUSIONS: Adult whiteflies were most effectively trapped on yellow sticky traps followed by eggplant trap crops. Further study of whitefly trapping using visual cues may enhance trapping management. Specifically, research combining yellow sticky traps with other control strategies is recommended. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

诱杀球对橘大实蝇诱捕效果的研究

为开发一种新型的橘大实蝇诱捕器,研究了不同颜色、直径的诱杀球和不同颜色的粘虫板对橘大实蝇的诱集效果。结果表明,绿色诱杀球的诱杀数量显著大于黄色和黄绿色诱杀球(P0.05);诱杀球上橘大实蝇的诱集数量,随诱杀球直径的增大而显著增加,但在直径7cm以上时,诱杀球的诱集数量增速变缓,其中以直径7cm的绿色诱杀球生产成本和诱集效果最佳;诱杀球能显著提高黄板对橘大实蝇的诱集效果(P0.05)。     

利用粘胶黄板防治梨茎蜂试验

为探索利用生态、高效、经济、安全的防治方法控制梨茎蜂的危害,于3月下旬梨茎蜂开始羽化时,在梨树上悬挂粘胶黄板,分别悬挂120张/hm 2、150张/hm 2,平均防效在94.28%~96.44%。试验结果表明:在梨园悬挂粘胶黄板可有效控制梨茎蜂的危害。     

Screening sticky traps under low magnification for adult Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and Aleyrodes spp. (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae)

Whiteflies are commonly transported in international plant trade, accounting for 25% of arthropods found in association with imported plant material in England and Wales between 1996 and 2006. Several species are of quarantine significance and rapid, accurate identifications are essential in order for phytosanitary services to decide upon appropriate action. Whitefly taxonomy is based on the puparium, but these are often difficult to detect when present at low densities. Adults are more conspicuous and are readily caught on yellow sticky traps. Screening traps under low magnification for adult Bemisia tabaci , Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Aleyrodes spp. using pigmentation characters was evaluated; 5151 adults were examined on 238 traps and their identity predicted. Twenty-one percent of the adults were slide mounted and examined under high magnification to check their identity. The overall accuracy of the initial whitefly species prediction under low magnification was 98%. The speed and reliability of detecting adult B. tabaci on sticky traps was greatly improved and the number of adults requiring slide preparation reduced (by an average of 46% per trap) resulting in significant financial savings, compared to randomly selecting adults for slide mounting. Protocols are presented for removing adults from traps and making microscope-slide preparations.     

黄色黏虫板在3种果园对蚜虫及其天敌的诱集作用

为减少黄色黏虫板(简称黄板)对果园害虫天敌的影响,明确黄板在果园中的使用方法,于2014年5月4日至9月30日在山西省太谷县的苹果、梨、桃园中进行了黄板诱集蚜虫及其天敌的动态调查。结果表明:在3种果园黄板可以诱集8目32科的昆虫,主要类群为蚜虫、叶蝉、瓢虫、食蚜蝇、草蛉和蚜茧蜂等。在苹果园和桃园中诱蚜量呈双峰谷线状,在梨园中呈三峰状;各果园寄生性天敌的数量变化趋势与蚜虫一致且有跟随效应,但苹果园和梨园诱集的捕食性天敌均在8月下旬至8月底出现高峰期,而桃园中捕食性天敌水平一直较高。3个果园在花期至幼果期即5月4日至6月22日益害比最小,苹果园仅为1:202.8,而在其它时段的益害比均大于1:150,甚至最高可达1:19.4,表明在果园中使用黄板的害处大于益处,建议在果园中慎用黄板诱蚜。     

不同颜色色板对梨园昆虫的诱集效应

为筛选对梨园害虫诱集效果较好的粘虫板,选用黄色、红色、绿色、紫色、蓝色、灰色、白色和黑色8种颜色的粘虫板对梨园内昆虫进行诱集。结果显示,黄色粘虫板的诱集效果最好,诱集害虫种类8科10种,对中国梨木虱和小绿叶蝉的诱集效果较好;其次为绿色粘虫板,诱集昆虫种类7科7种,对中国梨木虱和小绿叶蝉也表现出较好的诱集效果。半翅目昆虫的趋色性较强,诱集数量最多,适合选择色板诱集防治。黄板和绿板对梨园天敌有一定影响,在梨园使用时应适时适量选择性使用。本研究为利用粘虫板在梨园进行害虫防治提供了理论依据。     

First record of the Japanese grape leafhopper Arboridia kakogawana (Matsumura, 1932) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Romania

A new invasive species, the Japanese grape leafhopper, Arboridia kakogawana (Matsumura). is reported for the first time in Romania. Arboridia kakogawana is a serious pest of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in East Asia (South Korea and China) and in Southern Russia (Krasnodar and Rostov regions) and Ukraine. In 2018, very high numbers of A. kakogawana were caught on yellow sticky traps in a vine plot in Romania in Northern Bucharest. Adults were trapped from early June to the middle of November. The dynamics of the adult population were measured using yellow sticky traps, and in 2018 four peaks were observed in the middle of July, in the first 10 days of August, at the beginning of September and in the first 10 days of October. The first overwintering adults appeared from the beginning of June. Foliar symptoms associated with the trophic activity of the leafhopper were observed on grapevine and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.)). Yellow sticky traps used in prior studies in the Bucharest area were re‐examined and the Japanese leafhopper was discovered on these, which leads to the conclusion that the species has been present at least since 2016 in this area. This is the first report of A. kakogawana in Romania and in the European Union.