微生物饲料添加剂对育肥猪生产性能的影响

本试验选用26头育肥猪分为2组，分别为A组（对照组，使用基础日粮）、B组（试验组，添加0．1％的微生物饲料添加剂）进行育肥猪的生产性能及肉中胆固醇含量的测定。试验结果可知：中猪阶段，B组的平均日增重比A组提高3．33％；大猪阶段B组平均日增重、料重比均优于A组，平均日增重提高9．67％，料重比降低4．94％；试验全期，B组的平均日增重比A组提高6．85％，料重比下降1．24％，肉中胆固醇含量B组比A组下降24．77％。试验表明：微生物饲料添加剂对提高育肥猪的生产性能，降低肉中胆固醇含量均有积极的作用。     

有益菌制剂对提高仔猪成活率和断奶重的研究

利用北京好友巡天生物技术有限责任公司生产的抗体——微生态制剂“壮壮崽I号”和有益茵制剂“育崽宝”喂给初生仔猪和保育猪。仔猪断奶成活率达95．65％，21日龄断奶体重达7．6千克，断奶增重提高21．79％；保育猪65日龄体重达19．21千克，增重提高7．02％，料肉比降低了7．20％。下痢等发病数大幅度下降。     

CH复合菌酶制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

用CH复合菌酶制剂对1-21日龄、21-53日龄肉仔鸡进行了试验，1-21日龄肉仔鸡成活率试验组比对照组提高43％，日增重试验组比对照组提高7.61％，每千克增重耗料试验组比对照组减少252％。21-53日龄肉仔鸡日增重试验组比对照组提高5．15％；每千克增重耗料试验组比对照组减少3.77％。     

赐美健对肉仔鸡增重及成活率的影响

试验选用微生态制剂－赐美健添加于“ＡＡ”肉仔鸡日粮中预防细菌性腹泻和促进增重，结果添加美健组腹泻死亡率比对照组下降８６．７％，成活率提高８％，增重提高７．７％，料肉比下降１１．９％。     

食用菌菌糠饲料喂养畜禽的试验研究

应用北虫草和毛柄金钱菌菌糠喂养鸡、猪的试验结果表明，菌糠是一种优良的能量饲料，可促进畜禽进食，提高产量，改善品质，降低肠道疾病和粪便臭味，扩大饲料来源，降低饲养成本，提高经济效益。北虫草菌糠饲喂肉鸡比常规喂养（ck）提高仔鸡成活率3％，日增重提高5．52％，料肉比下降7．1％，饲料成本下降10％；蛋鸡产蛋率比常规喂养（ck）提高1．5％，日产蛋提高3．56％；毛柄金钱菌菌糠饲喂生猪比常规喂养（ck）平均日增重提高16．67％，经t测验：｜t｜=30．5〉t0．01，故P〈0．01，猪增重达极显著水平。     

HF复合酶制剂对肉鸡饲养效果的试验

在ＡＡ肉鸡中添加０．１５％、０．２％、０．３％的ＨＦ复合酶制剂，经５６天全程试验表明，成活率分别比对照组提高１．３％、３．０％、３．９％；日增重分别提高３．７７％、４．０３％。４．３１％；料肉比较对照组高２．５９％、３．６３％、３．６３％；日增重及料肉比前期（０～２８日龄）均好于后期（２８～５６日龄）。最终经济效益比对照组分别提高１３．２１％、１９．１８％、１９．５０％，经济效益极其显著。     

新荣昌猪I系生产性能初报

新荣昌猪Ｉ系采用“导入杂交”育种方法，经过十年选育获得成功，母猪初产仔数１０．９１头，经产仔数１２．７４头；肥育猪日增重５９８．８ｇ，料肉比为３．３９：１，瘦肉率５５％；与杜洛克父系公猪杂交的商品猪日增重可达７４０ｇ，料肉比３．１９：１，胴体瘦肉率５８．７８％。母猪发情明显，以本文为主，情期受胎率达９７．７％。     

常温与高温季节肥育猪主要营养素采食量研究

在常温环境（猪舍温度为16—25℃）与高温环境（猪舍温度为28—35℃）下，分别选用体重约为15、30及60kg三个生长阶段的大白×长白二元杂交猪共6批次，每个生长阶段1批，每批猪24头，随机分为3组，每组8头，公母各半。以组为单位分栏饲养，进行常温环境与高温环境生长育肥猪日采食量、日增重及料肉比的比较研究。试验结果表明，在持续高温环境下，15—30、30—60、60—90kg的试验猪日采食量较常温环境下分别下降9％、14％及20％；日增重分别下降11％、21％及23％；料肉比分别增加0.05、0.23、0.14。高温环境能显著降低生长肥育猪日采食量及日增重（P＜O.05），其影响随着猪体重的增加而加大。建议在持续高温季节，提高生长肥育猪日粮营养浓度10％—20％。     

澳洲大白猪生长繁殖性能初步观察

原种猪场于2007年8月31日从澳大利亚的昆士兰大学农牧学院引进270头大自种猪，经过初产206胎，经产388胎的测定，胎均产仔数11．3头，25天断奶成活率95．2％，其生长性能与其在澳大利亚的表现无差异，有着极其优秀的繁殖性能；100kg日龄只需要156天，料肉比2．23，生长怏、适应性好     

不同孵化方式及孵出鸭苗生产性能比较试验

本试验以枫叶鸭、金定鸭种蛋应用电脑调控孵化机(A)和人工土法(B)两种不同方式孵化，比较试验结果表明：枫叶鸭应用A的方式孵化，受精蛋孵化率可达94．01％，比B的方式提高24．01％；健雏率达92％比B的方式提高13％；每羽种苗孵化成本降低0．112元。金定鸭应用A方式孵化，受精蛋孵化率可达96％，比B提高u％；健雏率98％比B提高8％；每羽种苗孵化成本降低0．048元。A方式孵化出的枫叶鸭鸭苗47日龄体重可达3kg，成活率96％，料肉比2．85：1，分别比B方法孵化的枫叶鸭鸭苗提高15．8％，7％，料肉比少0．15。     

Effect of Campylobacter spp-induced enteritis on growth rate and feed efficiency in pigs

Diarrhea caused by Campylobacter spp-induced enteritis was observed in pigs that were part of a pneumonia study. Growth rate, feed conversion, and daily health status had been recorded for each pig in the trial. Because diarrhea was the only clinical sign of disease that developed in the control group of pigs, and no other diseases were detected in these pigs at slaughter, it was possible to examine the effect of diarrhea on growth rate and feed efficiency. During the course of the study, 6 of the 16 control pigs had severe diarrhea, 2 were moderately affected, and another 8 were slightly affected or remained clinically normal. Compared with the mean values for each pig, feed intake and daily weight gain were reduced in the week preceding the appearance of clinical disease, but not during the time when diarrhea was observed. Overall performance of pigs with severe diarrhea was not different from that of pigs that were not affected.     

The Effects of Feeding Peptide-Precipitating Lignosulphonic Acids in Various Concentrations to Growing Pigs

It is shown that lignosulphonic acids, at a concentration of 13 % in conventional feed given to growing pigs, lead to a marked reduction in the weight gain.When given 3 % and 6 % lignosulphonic acids in the feed, no effects on the weight gain were observed as compared to the controls.The weight gain reduction caused by lignosulphonic acids at high levels in the feed is discussed in relation to the inhibitory effects of these acids on a number of biological systems which have been studied previously.     

益生菌发酵中药对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响

为了研究益生菌发酵中药对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响,试验选择胎次、体重相近的杜×长×大三元杂交健康猪36头,随机分为3个处理,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复4头猪,进行饲养试验。通过试验分析生长育肥猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量、饲料转化率和腹泻率等数据,评估益生菌发酵中药对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响。结果表明,日粮中添加益生菌发酵中药,平均日增重比对照组提高20.5%,日采食量比对照组提高8.1%,饲料转化率比对照组提高10.3%,腹泻率比对照组降低71.4%,益生菌发酵中药作为饲料添加剂能显著提高猪的各项生产性能。     

Ileal amino acid digestibility and performance of growing pigs fed wheat-based diets supplemented with xylanase

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of supplementation of xylanase to a wheat-based diet on the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of AA and the performance of growing pigs fed diets limiting in AA. In Exp. 1, eight pigs (average initial BW = 20.5+/-1.2 kg) fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum, were fed four diets according to a repeated 4 x 4 Latin square design. Diet 1 was a basal diet that contained 97.6% wheat. Diets 2, 3, and 4 were the basal diet supplemented with xylanase at rates of 5,500, 11,000, and 16,500 units of xylanase activity (XU), respectively (as-fed basis). There were linear and quadratic effects (0.062 < P < 0.001) of xylanase supplementation on the AID of CP and most of the AA. The largest increases in AID of CP and AA were obtained when xylanase was supplemented at a rate of 11,000 XU; no further increases were observed with xylanase supplementation at a rate of 16,500 XU. In Exp. 2, 30 pigs (average initial BW 21.4+/-1.8 kg) were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments. Diets 1 to 4 were similar to those used in Exp. 1. Diet 5 was the same as Diet 1, but supplemented with 0.53% lysine, 0.12% threonine, and 0.05% methionine. Diet 6 (positive control diet) was a wheat-soybean meal diet that contained 18.2% CP (as-fed basis). The total contents of lysine, threonine, and methionine were similar for Diets 5 and 6. There was a linear effect of xylanase supplementation on ADG (P = 0.093) and feed:gain ratio (P = 0.089), and a quadratic effect on ADG (P = 0.067) and feed:gain ratio (P = 0.074). But, the greatest response was obtained with the supplementation of 11,000 XU. The supplementation of lysine, threonine, and methionine to Diet 1 increased (P = 0.001) ADG and ADFI and improved (P = 0.01) feed:gain ratio. There was no difference (P = 0.508) in the performance of pigs fed the AA-supplemented or control diet. In conclusion, the supplementation of xylanase to a diet in which wheat provided the sole source of protein and energy improved the AID of AA, ADG, and feed:gain ratio; however, this improvement was very small compared with that obtained with the supplementation of synthetic amino acids.     

Effect of group size and feeder type on growth performance and feeding patterns in finishing pigs

The effects of four group sizes (2, 4, 8, and 12 pigs per pen) and two single-space feeder types (conventional and electronic feed intake recording equipment [FIRE]) on feed intake, growth performance, and feeding patterns were determined in 208 crossbred finishing pigs (equal numbers of barrows and gilts) between 84.4 (SD = 0.81) to 112.8 (SD = 1.08) kg BW over a 4-wk period. Pigs were given ad libitum access to a corn-soybean meal-based diet (15.9% CP; 0.79% lysine; 3,328 kcal ME/kg). The floor space allowance was 0.9 m2/pig for all treatments. Growth rates were not different for the two feeder types; however, feed intake was lower and gain:feed ratio higher for pigs on the FIRE feeders (P < 0.01). Feed intake, growth rate, and gain:feed ratio were not different (P > 0.05) among the group sizes. Number of feeder visits per day decreased and feed intake per visit, feeder occupation time per visit, feed consumption rate, and percentage of time the feeder was occupied increased with group size (P < 0.05). Feed intake per visit had the strongest correlation with daily feed intake (r = 0.54; P < 0.01) and was negatively correlated with gain:feed ratio (r = -0.38; P < 0.01). However, the correlations between growth performance and other feeding pattern traits were relatively weak (r < or = 0.30). As group size increased, diurnal variation in number of feeder visits and feed consumed per hour decreased. There was no difference in time spent sitting and standing between the two feeder types. The proportion of time spent eating was generally lower for the larger groups on both feeders. The proportion of time spent lying was similar across group sizes for pigs on the conventional feeders but was greater for pigs in the larger groups on the FIRE feeders. This study suggests that finishing pigs can maintain feed intake and growth rate by changing feeding behavior as group size increases from 2 to 12.     

饲料中不同水平的玉米柠檬酸渣对育肥猪增重效果的影响

为研究饲料中添加不同比例的玉米柠檬酸渣对育肥猪增重效果的影响,试验选取40头60 kg左右的育肥猪,采用单因素完全随机分为5个处理组,每个处理组8头猪.对照组饲喂"玉米+豆粕"型基础日粮,4个试验组分别饲喂含有3％、6％、9％和12％的玉米柠檬酸渣饲粮.结果表明:⑴4个试验组与对照组平均日采食量差异不显著(P〉0.05...     

Effects of administration of antimicrobials in feed on growth rate and feed efficiency of pigs in multisite production systems

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effect of various regimens for administration of antimicrobials in feed on growth rate and feed efficiency (feed/gain) of pigs in multisite production systems. DESIGN: Controlled trial. ANIMALS: 24,099 growing pigs in 3 multisite production systems. PROCEDURE: 10 trials involving various regimens for administration of antimicrobials in feed were evaluated. Trial 1 compared effects of 2 antimicrobial regimens on finishing pig performance. Trials 2 through 10 compared growth rate and feed efficiency of nursery and finishing pigs given antimicrobials in feed with values for control pigs not given antimicrobials. RESULTS: In trial 1, no significant differences were observed between the 2 antimicrobial regimens. In the remaining trials, growth rate of nursery pigs fed antimicrobials was significantly improved, compared with growth rate of control pigs. However, growth rate of finishing pigs and feed efficiency of nursery and finishing pigs were not significantly improved by adding antimicrobials to the feed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that use of antimicrobials in the feed to promote growth should be limited to the nursery phase in multisite pig production systems. Use of antimicrobials in the feed of finishing pigs should be limited to therapeutic applications in which a diagnosis of bacterial infection susceptible to the antimicrobial to be used has been confirmed.     

Effect of feather meal on live animal performance and carcass quality and composition of growing-finishing swine

A total of 252 crossbred pigs were used in two experiments to determine the effect of feeding hydrolyzed feather meal (FM) during the growing-finishing period on animal performance, carcass composition, and pork quality. All pigs were blocked by weight, and dietary treatments were assigned randomly to pens within blocks. In Exp. 1, 24 pens were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: 1) control corn-soybean meal starter, grower, and finisher diets devoid of FM; 2) control diets formulated with 3% FM; and 3) control diets formulated with 6% FM. During the starter phase, there was a quadratic decrease in average daily gain (P < 0.06) and gain:feed (P < 0.01) with increasing FM, and during the grower-II phase, gain:feed increased linearly (P < 0.07) with increasing FM inclusion level. However, dietary FM had no effects (P > 0.10) on performance during the grower-I phase, finisher phase, or in the overall trial. Moreover, carcasses from pigs fed 3% FM had greater (P < 0.05) average backfat depth than carcasses of pigs fed 0 and 6% FM, but FM did not affect (P > 0.10) ham or carcass lean composition. In Exp. 2, 24 pens were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments: 1) positive control corn-soybean meal-based starter, grower, and finisher diets; 2) negative control corn-soybean meal- and wheat middlings-based starter, grower, and finisher diets; 3) negative control diets formulated with 3% FM; and 4) negative control diets formulated with 6% FM. Dietary FM had no effect (P > 0.10) on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, or gain:feed during any phase of the experiment. Ham weight decreased linearly (P < 0.04), whereas ham lean weight increased linearly (P < 0.09), with increasing levels of FM in the diet. Pork from pigs fed 3% FM tended (quadratic effect, P < 0.10) to receive higher Japanese color scores than pork from pigs fed either negative control or 6% FM diets. Moreover, pork color became lighter (P c 0.08), less red (P < 0.001), and less yellow (P < 0.003) as FM level was increased in swine diets. Results from these two experiments indicate that as much as 6% FM can be incorporated into isolysinic diets of growing-finishing pigs without adversely impacting animal performance, carcass composition, or pork quality.     

Response of starter pigs to supplementation of corn-soybean meal diets with organic acids

Four growth experiments were conducted to assess the effects of organic acid supplementation on performance of starter and finisher pigs. Three 4-wk starter experiments utilized 392 pigs fed simple corn-soybean meal diets. A fourth experiment employed 135 finisher pigs in a 6-wk study. Each of the starter experiments was initiated immediately after weaning; piglets were 30 +/- 3 d of age. In Exp. 1, weanling pigs fed a 19% crude protein, simple corn-soybean meal diet were compared with pigs fed similar diets supplemented with 2% propionic, fumaric, or citric acid. Addition of each acid improved (P less than .07) efficiency of gain, while propionate depressed (P less than .05) feed intake. Additions of 1, 2, 3 or 4% fumarate were made in Exp. 2, resulting in linear daily gain and feed efficiency improvements (P less than .05). In Exp. 3, a possible protein-sparing effect of fumaric acid was investigated. Increasing protein levels from 16 to 20% improved daily gain (P less than .01) and feed efficiency (P less than .0001); fumarate supplementation (2%) increased (P less than .01) gain:feed. However, there was no protein X fumaric acid interaction. In Exp. 4, no treatment effects were noted with performance of finisher pigs fed a 14% crude protein, corn-soybean meal diet was compared with that of pigs fed similar diets supplemented with 1.5 or 3% fumaric acid.     

Effect of marketing treatments and transportation on feeder pig performance

During four 6-wk trials, 376 university-raised, crossbred feeder pigs were used to determine the effects of fasting (no feed or water) vs providing feed plus water or water alone at the simulated market and a 563-km transport on shrinkage and subsequent health and performance. Providing feed and water or water alone during a 12-h market simulation for Trials 1, 2 and 4 or a 24-h period for Trial 3 did not affect subsequent rate of gain (ADG) or feed efficiency (F/G) compared with pigs fasted during the market stay. However, overall shrinkage (market phase plus transportation) of pigs provided feed and water at the market was less (P less than .05) than for fasted pigs (4.0 vs 8.4% for Trials 1, 2 and 4; 4.5 vs 11.8% for Trial 3). Transporting the fasted or nonfasted feeder pig 563 k did not affect subsequent health or performance. Overall shrinkage of the fasted pigs that were transported 563 km vs those that were not transported during Trial 4 was not different (8.8 vs 9.1%; P greater than .05). In conclusion, one-owner feeder pigs can cope with the stress of fasting and transporting long distances without any extended detrimental effects on subsequent health and performance.