5种不同品系相思木材的化学性质 Ⅱ.pH值和酸、碱缓冲容量

对5种相思树人工林木材的pH值和酸、碱缓冲容量的研究结果表明：5种相思树人工林木材之间pH值变异较小，其pH值在4．8～5．9之间；厚荚相思木材心材、边材之间pH值变化较大；木材的酸缓冲容量在2．7～8．35mL范围，碱缓冲容量在21．05～42．00mL范围内变化；5种相思树人工林木材的酸、碱缓冲容量的变化曲线变化趋势大体相同。     

栽培措施对短周期工业材材性影响规律的研究

对4种不同栽培措施的日本落叶松、湿地松、马尾松和杉木等多种短周期工业材309株样木的材性进行了全面测试分析研究，结果表明．立地指数大，木材生长率和纤维宽度大．但纤维长度、纤维长宽比、木材基本密度、顺纹抗压强度和抗弯弹性模量减小；立地指数相差两级，木材的年龄宽度、纤维宽度、长度和微纤线角度的差异达到显著或极显著水平栽植密度小，木材的年轮宽度和干缩比增大但纤维长宽比及体积全干缩率减小；栽植密度增大，杉木和昭林6号杨木材的力学强度提高，但尾叶桉和I－69杨降低；不同栽植密度的木材pH值及酸碱总缓冲容量，都是心材大于边材，但木材的脲醛树脂胶凝速度，则是边材快于心材.与未间伐林分的木材比较，随着间伐强度的增大、年轮宽度增大．但纤维长宽比和微纤丝角度减小；间伐强度增大，针叶树村的力学强度降低，阔叶树树则提高．但将强度间伐材（间代40％）与未间伐材比较，结果完全相反；北京杨木材心材的pH值、酸碱缓冲容量及总容量，均随间伐强度的增大而增大，但边材却减小．施肥措施能够增大纤维直径，但将导致纤维长宽比、木材密度和力学强度的降低施肥可以使树木速生，但会降低木材密度和质量，在培育建筑结构材的林分应慎用．     

鲁西平原毛白杨林地土壤条件与林木生长规律的研究

本项研究主要在山东省冠县毛白杨林场进行,研究了毛白杨片林的林分生长规律、生物量积累及它们与土壤条件的关系。研究结果表明毛白杨生长量在不同土壤上差异甚大,其年平均材积生长量,壤质褐潮土>夹淤沙壤质潮土>通体沙质潮土>粘质褐潮土>风沙土;毛白杨片林数量成熟龄在壤质褐潮土为13a以后,其它几种肥力差的土壤为7-9 a;壤质褐潮土上毛白杨林速生期持续12 a以上,其它几种土壤为4-9 a。据观测毛白杨片林粗生长高峰期显著,5月份粗生长占全年总量40-60％。高生长高峰期持续期较长,为6-7月。毛白杨片林生物量积累随林龄增大而增加,尤其2-10 a增长速度最大,10-14 a以后生物量积累也有所增加,但增加速度减缓。     

红锥木材性质与UF胶固化时间关系的研究

对红锥木材性质与UF胶固化时间的测定和分析结果表明：红锥木材呈弱酸性，心边材不同部位、树干不同高度木粉的pH值和缓冲容量无显著差异；UF胶的固化时间与pH值在0．01水平上相关极显著，与酸缓冲容量在0．05水平上相关显著，与碱缓冲容量相关不显著。研究结果为红锥木材的培育和合理利用提供了科学依据。     

基于生长轮的杉木早材黏弹性

【目的】比较不同生长轮木材早材黏弹性,探讨全干密度、管胞胞壁率、微纤丝角等因子与木材黏弹性之间的关系,从细胞水平理解木材黏弹行为的作用机制。【方法】以人工林杉木为研究对象,采用X射线剖面密度仪、ZEISS Imager A1显微镜、X射线衍射仪、动态力学分析仪(DMA 2980)分别测定第3、6生长轮(心材)以及第14、18生长轮(边材)早材的全干密度、管胞胞壁率、微纤丝角、弹性模量、贮存模量和损耗模量。【结果】1)边材(第14、18生长轮)的全干密度比心材(第3、6生长轮)略高,4个生长轮管胞胞壁率无明显差异,微纤丝角随树龄增加呈减小趋势。2)早材的弹性模量、贮存模量和损耗模量均随树龄增加而增大,微纤丝角与弹性模量、贮存模量、损耗模量呈显著负相关关系。3)在本研究测量温度范围内(-120～120℃),4个生长轮早材均出现2个力学松弛过程:一是在10℃附近的α力学松弛过程,关于其分子运动归属目前尚无统一定论;二是在-40℃附近的β力学松弛过程,是基于木材细胞壁无定型区中伯醇羟基的回转取向运动引起的。不同生长轮之间的力学损耗峰温度几乎无差异。4)随测量频率(1、2、5和10 Hz)增加,β力学松弛过程的损耗峰温度移向高温方向,α力学松弛过程的损耗峰温度并不随测量频率增加而改变,即无频率依存性。5)与位于边材区域(第14、18生长轮)的早材相比,位于心材区域(第3、6生长轮)的早材发生力学松弛过程所需的表观活化能均较大,可能是由于杉木心材相较于边材有更多的抽提物,抽提物的沉积限制细胞壁中分子链段运动所致。【结论】微纤丝角是影响不同生长轮内早材刚度和阻尼的关键因子,心材与边材表观活化能的差异可能是抽提物沉积所致。     

13种杨树木材物理力学性质的研究

采集1－69杨等10种黑杨的9年生试材，易县毛白杨等3种白杨的13年生试材，测试木材物理力学性能，分析心边材，不同树高位置，株间的变化规律，比较品种间木材性质的差异，试验结果表明，13种杨树全树木材心材率在14．6－34．1％，之间，生材含水率在86．2－148．5％之间，由生材干燥至含水率为12％所产生的干缩率在8．66％－11．96％这间，气干密度属低类或很低类，强度属弱类，硬度属软类或甚软类，冲击韧性中等；黑杨心材颜色深，心边材性质差异大，白杨心材颜色淡，心边材性质差异小，品种间木材物理力学性质差异较大，按其主要特点可将13个品种的木材分为4类。     

十种人工林木材pH值和酸、碱缓冲容量的研究

对10种人工林木材pH值和酸、碱缓冲容量的研究结果表明: 1)株间pH 值变异较小, 而酸、碱缓冲容量变异较大,其pH 值大都在4～5之间变动, 但“三北一号”杨的pH达7以上;2)针叶树材的酸缓冲容量在3～7内变化,但火炬松心材部分达到8以上;阔叶树材的酸缓冲容量变化范围较大,在0.2～30; 3)多数针叶树材的碱缓冲容量在2～8范围内变化,只有火炬松心材部分达到8以上。阔叶树材的酸缓冲容量变化范围较大, 在3～34变动;4)除“三北一号”杨外,多数人工林木材幼龄材的pH值低于成熟材, 即随年轮段的增大,pH值从低向高变化。     

人工林杨树木材性质与单板和胶合板质量关系的研究

本文以生长在3种长江滩地类型(江滩、洲滩、湖滩)、3种栽植密度(3m×4m,4m×5m,5m×6m)下的3个品系人工林杨树木材[欧美杨无性系72杨(Populus×euramericana cv.I-72/58),美洲黑杨无性系63杨(P.deltoides cv.I-63/51)和69杨(P.deltoides cv.I-69/55)]为对象,深入地分析了人工林杨树木材材性与单板和胶合板质量之间的关系.结果表明,72、63、69杨木材旋切和制胶合板均能获得较低的单板厚度偏差和背面裂隙率及较高的胶合强度.72、63、69杨单板厚度偏差与解剖性质中的纤维宽度、导管比量、木纤维比量在0.01水平下相关极显著,与纤维长度、胞壁厚度、壁腔比、腔径比、导管长和木射线比量在0.05水平下相关显著;单板背面裂隙率仅与胞腔直径在0.05水平下相关显著,与其它解剖性质相关不显著;胶合板的胶合强度与解剖性质相关最密切,其中与纤维长度、纤维宽度、胞腔直径、胞壁厚度、壁腔比、导管长、导管弦向直径、微纤丝角、导管比量、木射线比量在0.01水平下相关极显著\.与木纤维比量在0.05水平下相关显著.72、63、96杨木材单板厚度偏差和单板背面裂隙率与木材化学性质(pH,酸、碱缓冲容量)之间的关系不密切;胶合板的胶合强度与边材pH值在0.05水平下相关显著,与心材pH值以及心、边材的pH均值达到0.01水平相关极显著,与木材的碱缓冲容量在0.05水平下相关显著.72、63、69杨木材单板厚度偏差和胶合强度与木材物理、力学性质关系不密切;单板背面裂隙率与木材抗弯弹性模量在0.01水平下相关极显著,与气干密度在0.05水平下相关显著.     

三种速生外来树种立木动态含水量及木材密度的研究

研究火炬松、意大利杨和巨尾桉三种立木在胸高处的动态含水量和木材的基本密度.结果表明:三种立木含水量在不同季节均以意大利杨最大,火炬松最小,而且心材含水量均比边材大,三种立木含水量的季节变化没有一定的规律性.不同方向之间,三种立木含水量最大最小差值不同季节各不相同,彼此之间也不存在共同的变化规律,但均为心材的差异比边材大.木材基本密度以火炬松最大,意大利杨最小,而且二者的边材密度均大于心材,巨尾桉心边材密度差异甚小.     

国产25种木材水浸提液的pH值和缓冲容量

为合理利用树种资源,为人造板的胶合工艺提供科学依据,本文对国产25种木材进行了pH位和缓冲容量的测定。测得8种针叶树材pH值在4.34～5.14范围内;碱缓冲容量在1.7～3.2之间,其高低位相差1.9倍。17种阔叶树材pH值在4.09～7.72范围内;碱缓冲容量变化范围较宽,在1.1～25.2之间,高低值间相差达23倍。炉干干燥木材的PH值低于自然干燥木材的pH值。边、心材pH值及缓冲容量相差很大,但未显示出一致的倾向性。通过试验,从国内外现有的木材缓冲容量测定方法中,选择了较合适的测定方法中的主要参数。     

杨树微纤丝角的变异及其与木材性质的相关关系

微纤丝角为细胞次生壁S2层微纤丝排列方向与细胞主轴所形成的夹角,与木材的物理性质、力学性质和化学性质都有着直接的关系。应用x射线衍射法测定了7个杨树无性系(14株样木)胸径处各年轮的微纤丝角,并对应分析和测定了各年轮的木材基本密度、纤维长度、纤维宽度和纤维素含量。研究结果表明,杨树微纤丝角在年轮间存在显著差异,其径向变异规律为从髓心向外以微纤丝角逐渐降低,年轮间的平均微纤丝角在7.8旱?8褐洌荒静幕久芏取⑾宋ざ取⑾宋矶群拖宋睾吭谀曷旨湟泊嬖谙灾钜臁O喙胤治霰砻鳎⑾怂拷怯肽静幕久芏取⑾宋ざ取⑾宋矶群拖宋睾看嬖谙灾母合喙毓叵??0.01),相关系数分别为-0.450、-0.586、-0.516和-0.660。回归分析结果表明,多项式方程可较好地描述杨树微纤丝角与所测定的木材性质的关系,相关系数均在-0.45以上(n=125)。本文的研究结果认为,在今后针对杨树材性改良的育种计划中,微纤丝角是一个重要的选育和改良指标。图3表3参34。     

Medium-density fiberboard performance as affected by wood fiber acidity, bulk density, and size distribution

The properties of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) panels as affected by wood fiber characteristics were investigated. Wood chips from three softwood and one hardwood species were refined under the same refining conditions to make four different types of fibers. The resulting fibers were characterized by fiber size distribution, bulk density, pH value, and buffering capacity. Using the same resin system and hot-pressing parameters, MDF panels were produced and evaluated for internal bonding (IB), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), thickness swelling, and linear expansion. The pH values and alkaline buffering capacities of raw materials were reduced considerably after refining. IB was strongly related to the pH value of fibers. The mechanical properties increased with alkaline buffering capacity. IB, MOR, and MOE increased with the bulk density of fibers. Increased proportions of coarse fibers had negative effects on the panel mechanical properties.     

三种阔叶树枝桠材应拉木和对应木的解剖特征及材性的研究

通过对３ 种阔叶树 （米槠、木荷、拟赤杨） 枝桠材的应拉木和对应木的解剖特征及材性的观察和试验,并与正常干材比较, 结果表明： 它们在纤维、导管的长度、宽度、纤维次生壁 Ｓ２ 层纤丝角、化学成分、纤维素相对结晶度、密度、吸水性、涨缩性以及顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度及其弹性模量等都存在显著差异。     

杨树新无性系木材性质的变异研究

The wood basic density, cellulose content and fiber form were investigated for all sample trees at breast height (1.3m) in seven poplar clones, and at 0 (butt), 5.6, 9.6, 13.6, 17.6, 19.6 and 21.6 m for clone Nanlin-95 and Nanlin-895, respectively,for providing information on variation patterns of wood density, fiber characteristics and holocellulose content within trees and among clones. The results showed that significant variations about wood density, cellulose content, fiber diameter and the ratio of fiber length to diameter existed among poplar clones examined. Variance analysis indicated that there were significant differences in wood basic density, fiber length, fiber diameter and cellulose content among the growth rings, which had an increasing tendency along the direction from pith to bark. The significant differences also existed in wood basic density, fiber length and fiber diameter at different tree height. The mean wood basic density had a general increase trend with increasing height of trees and the lowest was found at the base, while fiber length and fiber diameter had a general decline pattern with increasing height of trees and the biggest value was observed at the height of 5.6 m. Regression analysis indicated that the relationship between examined wood properties and growth ring number (cambial age), and the relationship between examined wood properties and tree height can be described by polynomial functions.     

两个桉树无性系木材材性的年龄效应

以桉树主栽区雷州林业局的2个桉树无性系为研究对象,研究其木材材性的年龄效应.结果发现:尾细桉LH1和ZU6无性系,其纤维长度、宽度和长宽比均随林龄呈增加趋势,纤维长度在0.6 ～ 0.8 mm之间,长宽比在34.4 ～ 42.4之间,同龄LH1的长宽比高于ZU6;随林龄增加木材质量和制浆造纸性能提高.     

桉树材性性状近红外预测模型的建立

试验以采集的100份桉树不同组合杂交子代的木芯及木粉样品作为研究对象,以常规方法测定所取木材样品的木材密度、纤维长度和纤维宽度并用 Polychromix 手持式近红外仪采集了自然风干状态木粉的近红外光谱信息。光谱数据的处理及建模用 Unscrambler 9.7软件完成。建模结果显示：木材密度、纤维长度和纤维宽度的预测精度均可达90%以上。建模过程中,木材密度较纤维长度和纤维宽度所需的校正样本集数量要多,说明要达到一定的预测精度,纤维长度和纤维宽度其所建模型的预测范围会相应变小。     

美洲黑杨不同径级木材纤维、导管形态及其基本密度的差异

通过对美洲黑杨林分内不同径阶木材解剖特性和基本密度的差异分析,结果表明:(1)株内径向年轮宽度先增加,第3轮达最大宽度,之后逐渐减小,10轮后年轮宽度仅2.3mm。纤维、导管形态中的长度、宽度及长宽比径向表现为递增模式,前5轮迅速增加,5轮之后缓慢增加,8轮之后趋于稳定;壁厚径向上总的趋势稍微增加,壁腔比因宽度增大而表现出稍微降低,呈起伏状。树木基本密度径向趋势是随着树龄增加而增大,浸提物含量径向为递减模式;(2)林分内不同径阶个体间同一年轮宽度和木材基本密度随着径阶增加而增大,两者径阶间的差异达到显著性水平。不同径级同一轮纤维形态、导管形态特征株间差异均不显著。这反映了杨树林分内生长量与木材基本密度间为正相关,与纤维形态、导管形态特征值之间没有相关性。基本密度随着径阶增加而增大,可能与木材组织比量中的纤维比例增加有关。     

Radial variations of wood properties in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Casuarina equisetifolia</Emphasis> growing in Bangladesh

Radial variations of wood properties (basic density, fiber length, vessel element length, and compression strength) in plantation-grown Casuarina equisetifolia in Bangladesh were investigated for effective utilization of the wood. Samples disks at breast height were randomly collected from trees in a 10-year-old plantation in Cox’s Bazar Forest Division, Bangladesh. The basic density showed a near-constant value up to 30 mm from the pith and then rapidly increased up to 60 mm from the pith. The fiber length and vessel element length gradually increased from the pith to bark. When radial variation of wood properties was determined according to relative distance from the pith, similar radial patterns were observed among the sample trees, indicating that the wood properties in C. equisetifolia may be related to the growth rate. The compression strength parallel to the grain (CS) increased from the pith to bark. A significant positive correlation was found between the air-dried density and the CS. The results obtained indicated that wood around the pith has a relatively low density, and wood outside the pith area has a relatively high density, suggesting that it could be used as structural lumber. Part of this report was presented at the 58th Annual Meeting of Japan Wood Research Society, Tsukuba, March 2008     

Wood properties of Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris) grown at elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration

Impacts of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) on wood properties of 15-year-old Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) grown under conditions of low nitrogen supply were investigated in open-top chambers. The treatments consisted of (i) ambient temperature and ambient [CO2] (AT+AC), (ii) ambient temperature and elevated [CO2] (AT+EC), (iii) elevated temperature and ambient [CO2] (ET+AC) and (iv) elevated temperature and elevated [CO2] (ET+EC). Wood properties analyzed for the years 1992-1994 included ring width, early- and latewood width and their proportions, intra-ring wood density (minimum, maximum and mean, as well as early- and latewood densities), mean fiber length and chemical composition of the wood (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and acetone extractive concentration). Absolute radial growth over the 3-year period was 54% greater in AT+EC trees and 30 and 25% greater in ET+AC and ET+EC trees, respectively, than in AT+AC trees. Neither elevated temperature nor elevated [CO2] had a statistically significant effect on ring width, early- and latewood widths or their proportions. Both latewood density and maximum intra-ring density were increased by elevated [CO2], whereas fiber length was increased by elevated temperature. Hemicellulose concentration decreased and lignin concentration increased significantly in response to elevated temperature. There were no statistically significant interaction effects of elevated temperature and elevated [CO2] on the wood properties, except on earlywood density.