几种杀菌剂防治南瓜霜霉病药效试验

霜霉病是富锦市南瓜生产中常发性的真菌性病害,严重影响南瓜的产量和质量,成为南瓜生产的一大隐患。采用72%锰锌·霜脲可湿性粉剂500倍液、52.5%恶唑菌酮·霜脲水分散粒剂1000倍液、20.67%硅唑·恶唑菌酮乳油1500倍液和50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂800倍液分3次喷雾防治南瓜霜霉病,试验结果表明,72%锰锌·霜脲可湿性粉剂500倍液和52.5%恶唑菌酮·霜脲水分散粒剂1000倍液防治效果均在90%以上,优于20.67%硅唑·恶唑菌酮乳油1500倍和50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂800倍2个处理。建议在生产上推广应用。     

桃瘿螨芽枯病的危害观察及防治试验

桃瘿螨芽枯病是桃下毛瘿螨(Acalitus persicae)危害造成的。药效试验结果表明:480g/L毒死蜱1000倍液的矫正防效75%,2.5%阿维·吡乳油1000倍液矫正防效65.6%,松脂水溶助效液200倍液或棉籽油水乳剂100倍液矫正防效70%~71.4%。     

40%代·腈可湿性粉剂防治梨黑星病田间药效试验

用40%代·腈可湿性粉剂500倍液、1000倍液和1500倍液进行防治梨黑星病(VenturiapirinaAderh)田间药效试验,其1000倍液、500倍液对叶片黑星病的防效分别达到99.3%和99.8%,对果实黑星病防效分别达到98.3%和98.6%,与40%福星乳油8000倍液的防效相近,极显著优于其1500倍液和对照药剂70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂600倍液及12.5%腈菌唑乳油3000倍液。     

如何防治斑潜蝇?

斑潜蝇又称“鬼画符”,近几年在各地蔬菜上猖獗危害,蔓延迅速,严重威胁到蔬菜的生产,据调查斑潜蝇种类多(以检疫害虫美洲斑潜蝇、三叶草斑潜蝇最为突出)、抗药性强(一般杀虫剂效果不大),必须及时采用高效药剂加以控制,防止进一步扩散。可选用以下药剂可渗透(吸附)到叶表下毒杀斑潜蝇幼虫并防治成虫。防治斑潜蝇适用药剂有:5%卡死克乳油1000倍液;10%吡虫淋可湿性粉剂1000倍液或康福多(吡虫啉)20%浓可溶剂2000倍液;1.8%爱福丁乳油3000倍液,1.5%阿巴丁3000倍液,1.8%阿维菌素3000倍液;20%阿维·杀单微乳剂(商品名称有:潜虫净、猎潜螟、斑蛾清)、…     

药剂防治黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒病效果试验

以西瓜品种“早佳84-24”为试材，开展药剂防治黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒病效果试验。结果表明：20%吗胍·乙酸铜可湿性粉剂500倍液＋1.8%复硝酚钠水剂6000倍液每隔7d喷药1次，连喷3次，对黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒病有较好的抑制作用，第3次喷药后7d的防治效果达到83.4%，比8%宁南霉素水剂1000倍液＋1.8%复硝酚钠水剂6000倍液的防治效果高29.8个百分点。鉴于1.8%复硝酚钠水剂属植物生长调节剂，因此生产上使用20%吗胍·乙酸铜可湿性粉剂防治西瓜上黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒病时是否与1.8%复硝酚钠水剂混用，要视田间西瓜的生长情况酌情处理。     

杀虫脒防治锈壁虱效果好

1973年7月17日我们在黄陵庙公社园艺大队普通甜橙园,试用上海农药厂产的25%杀虫脒5000、2500、1000倍液防治柑桔锈壁虱,取得良好效果,其中1000倍液效果可维持40天左右。波美0.3度石硫合剂效果虽好,但残效期短,在锈壁虱盛发阶段,需连续喷药,方能凑效。沔阳化工厂产的25%亚胺硫磷500、800倍液几乎无效。     

50％多·锰锌可湿性粉剂防治苹果斑点落叶病的试验

以10年生新红星苹果树作为试材,应用50%多·锰锌可湿性粉剂进行防治苹果斑点落叶病的试验。结果表明,发病初期每间隔7天喷施1次药,连续喷施4次,50%多·锰锌可湿性粉剂400倍和600倍液的防治效果分别为84.97%和81.36%,优于50%多菌灵500倍液的防治效果。     

不同种类杀虫剂对樱桃园桑白蚧的防治效果

试验比较了在樱桃树生长季节喷施16种杀虫剂防治桑白蚧的效果。认为桑白蚧孵化盛期喷施1～2次40%杀扑磷乳油1500倍液、48%毒死蜱乳油1500倍液、90%灭多威可溶性粉剂3000倍液具有较高防效;其次为20%丁硫克百威乳油1500倍液、5%氯氰菊酯乳油1000倍液、20%三唑磷乳油1000倍液、50%二溴磷乳油1000倍液、20%丙溴磷乳油1000倍液。樱桃成熟期防治桑白蚧,应严格遵照安全间隔期,提前或拖后喷施菊酯类或残效期短的有机磷类农药,如氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱、二溴磷等。     

不同药剂防治大绵蚧的试验

用48%乐斯本乳油、40%速扑杀乳油和40%速蚧克乳油的1000倍和1500倍液加害立平1000倍液防治苹果树上的大绵蚧。结果表明:3种供试药剂均有较好的防治效果,3种供试药剂的1000倍液均比1500倍液的效果明显。为适应无公害苹果生产的要求,建议用48%乐斯本乳油1000倍液加害立平1000倍液进行防治。     

50%多·锰锌可湿性粉剂防活苹果斑点落叶病的试验

以10年生新红星苹果树作为试材,应用50%多·锰锌可湿性粉剂进行防治苹果斑点落叶病的试验.结果表明,发病初期每间隔7天喷施1次药,连续喷施4次,50%多·锰锌可湿性粉剂400倍和600倍液的防治效果分别为84.97%和81.36%,优于50%多茵灵500倍液的防治效果.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.