Black-hair follicular dysplasia in a Holstein cow

A color-linked hypotrichosis was documented in an adult, black-and-white, Holstein cow. Skin biopsies from black-haired areas showed varying degrees of follicular dysplasia, while the white-haired areas were normal.     

Chronic cystic ovarian disease in a Holstein cow

Cystic ovarian follicles are commonly found during rectal examination of early postpartum dairy cows, usually presenting with anoestrus and occasionally nymphomania. Most cases self cure with time, or respond to exogenous hormonal treatment. This case report describes a refractory case in a Holstein cow in which a novel treatment approach was used. A gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist implant was inserted for 180 d in an attempt to suppress pituitary gonadotrophin output, arrest abnormal ovarian follicle growth and prevent steroidogenesis. Frequent serial blood samples were collected before and after implant insertion to monitor changes in pulse release of luteinising hormone. Follow up ultrasound scans and blood samples were done to monitor ovarian structures; progesterone and oestradiol were collected at various times over the 180 d period. A normal, cycling herdmate was enrolled as a control. Prior to implant insertion, high frequency and low amplitude luteinising hormone pulses were detected in the cystic cow. Insertion was followed by a sustained surge in the release of luteinising hormone in both cows, but ovulation was not induced in the cystic cow. Plasma oestradiol levels remained consistently elevated and signs of oestrous behaviour were observed. Long term gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist treatment failed to suppress either ovarian steroid production or cause regression of the cysts by 180 d.     

Bilateral exophthalmos in a Holstein cow with lymphosarcoma

A 4-year-old Holstein cow presented with severe bilateral exophthalmos. A complete blood cell count revealed late stage lymphoma; the agar gel immunodiffusion test for enzootic bovine leukosis was positive. The cow was euthanized 1 wk after presentation. Necropsy revealed generalized lymphadenopathy and tumors in most organs. Final diagnosis was lymphosarcoma.     

Primary Aspergillus and Fusarium keratitis in a Holstein cow

A 5-year-old female Holstein cow was examined for ocular discharge, periorbital swelling, an area of full-thickness corneal cellular infiltrate, fibrin, hypopyon, diffuse corneal edema, and miosis. The patient was diagnosed with a corneal stromal abscess and secondary anterior uveitis. Histopathology, mycotic culture, and polymerase chain reaction positive for Aspergillus and Fusarium DNA confirmed the presence of fungal infection. Response to therapy was adequate, and follow-up with the patient 1 year after diagnosis revealed a focal area of corneal fibrosis.     

Papillary adenocarcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct in a Holstein cow

A 15-year-old female Holstein cow was presented with a history of anorexia and weight loss. Abnormal physical examination findings included poor body condition, dehydration, icterus, and photodermatitis on nonpigmented areas of the skin of the dorsum. At necropsy, the common bile duct was greatly enlarged, with thickened walls, and tightly adhered to the hepatic capsular surface and serosa of adjacent loops of the small intestine. Two sessile, yellowish, friable, well-circumscribed, cauliflower-like, bulging masses (14 and 8 cm in diameter) were attached to the inner surface of the common bile duct blocking its lumen. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of well-differentiated, columnar epithelial cells with oval or round, vesicular, basal nuclei arranged in papillary projections. Periodic acid-Schiff-positive material accumulated in the apical cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells. Immunostaining of the tumor cells was positive for cytokeratin (CK) of wide-spectrum screening and for CK 7. The diagnosis of papillary adenocarcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct was based on the morphologic features of the neoplasm and evidence of local invasion. To the best of our knowledge, extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas have not been described in cattle.     

A clinical case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia in a Holstein cow

A 2-year, 3-month-old Holstein cow presented with anorexia and enlarged superficial lymph nodes. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the superficial lymph nodes revealed large blast cells. Hematological examination revealed anemia, neutropenia, and blast cells in peripheral blood. Blast cells were the predominant cell type in bone marrow aspirates. Of the non-erythroid cells, 26%, 58%, and 18% were positive for myeloperoxidase, α-naphthyl acetate esterase, and naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase, respectively. Pathological examination revealed the proliferation of neoplastic cells, which were positive for monocytic markers, in the affected lymph nodes. The cow was diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia based on these findings. This report highlights the importance of performing bone marrow aspiration cytology and cytochemical staining when diagnosing bovine myeloid leukemia.     

Hepatocellular carcinoma with metastasis to the spleen in a Holstein cow

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with metastasis to the spleen in a Holstein cow was studied by histopathologic and immunohistochemical methods. The tumor was characterized by a pseudoglandular (acinar) pattern with an associated fibrous stroma. Individual cells often had a "hepatoid" appearance but were interspersed with scattered cells exhibiting a clear, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive cytoplasm and small eccentric nuclei. This pattern was present in nodules found in both liver and spleen. Moreover, hepatoid tumor cells were positive for alpha-fetoprotein. Immunohistochemical studies suggest that myofibroblasts were responsible for the production of fibrous septa surrounding the pseudoglandular structures of bovine HCC. In summary, our histologic and immunohistochemical findings support a diagnosis of primary HCC with splenic metastasis. Furthermore, the associated stromal response appears to be of a myofibroblast origin. The primary etiology of bovine HCC and the significance of the intralesional, PAS-positive clear cells remain undetermined.     

荷斯坦牛疑似阿托品过敏一例

一头成年荷斯坦牛牛，用阿托品后引起了严重的“过敏反应”，经治疗脱险。     

Factor XI mutation in a Holstein cow with repeat breeding in Japan

Factor XI deficiency is an autosomal recessive coagulopathy in Holstein cattle. Affected cows have a tendency to show repeat breeding. Forty repeat breeding Holstein Friesian cows were selected and tested for the Factor XI mutation. Genomic DNA was isolated from the blood of the cows (n=40). Exon 12 of the Factor XI gene of the cows was amplified by PCR. One repeat breeding cow was heterozygous to the Factor XI mutation as indicated by the presence of two DNA fragments of 320 bp and 244 bp. The insertion of the 76 bp in the heterozygous cow was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The heterozygous cow was in her fourth lactation. She gave birth to male twins at the last calving. She was inseminated artificially four times after the last calving. Factor XI deficiency in cattle has been reported in different countries. However, no case was reported in Japan. This might be the first to report Factor XI mutation in Holstein cattle in Japan.     

青年荷斯坦牛的超数排卵试验

采用不同剂量的FSH PG的超排处理方法对 75头澳大利亚牛分别在冬、春季进行超数排卵试验。结果显示 :春季的超排反应率比冬季提高 4 77个百分点 ,春季的直检黄体数、回收卵数和可用胚数分别增加 4 2 1(P <0 0 1)、4 5 3 (P <0 0 1)和 3 13 (P <0 0 5 )枚 ,可用胚率则减少 2 3 2个百分点 ;10mgFSH组的超排反应率比 7 5mgFSH组提高 3 7个百分点 ,直检黄体数、回收卵数和可用胚数分别增加 4 71(P <0 0 1)、5 0 9(P <0 0 1)、3 78(P <0 0 1)枚 ,可用胚率增加 0 3 1个百分点 ;在供体牛发情周期的第 812天对其进行超排处理 ,结果直检黄体数、回收卵数、可用胚、可用胚率均无显著差异 ,但 910天的直检黄体数、回收卵数和可用胚数量最多。     

Well-differentiated biphasic synovial sarcoma in the atlanto-occipital joint of a Holstein cow

A 7-year-old Holstein cow developed a large cystic mass in the region between the atlantoaxis and larynx. The mass extended to the synovium in the atlanto-occipital joint. Many villous projections were present on the inner surface of the tumor tissue, and irregular clefts were formed in the inside. Two cell types, epithelioid-like synovioblasts and spindle cells, were present. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the cells stained positively for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and vimentin. Both cells had similar fine structures ultra-structurally. Vacuoles present in the cytoplasm were full of an acid mucous substance. The tumor was diagnosed as a well-differentiated biphasic synovial sarcoma. This is the first report of a rare case of synovial sarcoma, from the viewpoint of its origin.     

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia negative for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase stain in a Holstein cow

A 4-year, 7-month-old Holstein cow presented with anorexia. Physical examination revealed masses in the interscapular region and vagina. Blast cells were detected in the masses and peripheral blood by fine needle aspiration cytology and hematological examination. By bone marrow aspiration, blast cells constituted up to 24.2% of all nucleated cells, and 22% and 2% of non-erythroid cells stained positive for myeloperoxidase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), respectively. Pathological examination revealed the mass lesions consisted of a proliferation of tumor cells, which were positive for monocytic markers (HLA-DR and Iba-1). The cow was diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML). Even when tumor cells are ANAE-negative, AMML cannot be completely ruled out and should be considered when diagnosing cattle with leukemia/lymphoma.     

A colon-associated cystic mass occurring in conjunction with cecal dilatation in a Holstein cow

A 7-year-old Holstein cow was presented for reduced appetite and decreased milk production. Based on physical examination, cecal dilatation was the primary differential diagnosis and was confirmed at surgery. However, in addition to the dilated cecum, 2 large cystic masses were found firmly attached to the proximal loop of the ascending colon.     

一例荷斯坦奶牛双胎难产的处置与护理

奶牛的双胎难产不仅会导致犊牛窒息死亡,还可能会引起母牛的死亡.临床上对难产奶牛实施助产时,若操作不当,引起产道拉伤还会引发后续的生产性疾病,影响母牛的生产性能.为了在临床上解决奶牛双胎难产的问题,实验阐述了1例双胎犊牛同时为倒生的难产奶牛的助产处置和产后护理.结果 表明助产处置后,成功产下2头公犊牛,均存活;经过产后护...