水果保鲜片

供用水果保鲜片保鲜水果，简单易行，现将其制作及使用方法介绍如下： 保鲜片制作方法。取硫酸钾或硫酸纳９７份、淀粉或明胶１份、硬脂酸钙１份、硬脂酸１份，将这些原料（化学试剂商店均出售）混合粉碎，加少量水和成面团。入膜制成片状，即得保鲜片，每片约０．５ｇ重。 使用方法。保鲜片用纸包好，均匀分散放于贮水果的容器中，一般每公斤苹果、柑桔、梨等用药５片，每公斤葡萄用药８片～１０片。用此保鲜片进行水果保鲜，可使水果安全贮藏４个月左右。贮藏环境还应保持一定的湿度，以增强保鲜效果。 联系人：邱钧产 单位：广东郁南县星…     

竹笋活体保鲜技术研究

竹笋挖掘后,采取冷链技术,包括保鲜剂浸渍、真空预冷、包装、冷藏,使带壳竹笋活体保鲜贮藏时间在２０ｄ以上,好笋率达１００％。     

全天然果蔬菜保鲜涂料在锥栗保鲜上的应用研究

采用不同浓度的全天然果蔬保鲜涂料在常温和低温条件下进行锥栗果的保鲜试验研究，结果表明，在低温条件下，采用２０％的全天然果蔬保鲜涂料保鲜锥栗的效果最，１００ｄ的保存率达９１．９７％，失水率为４．２０％。     

贮藏保鲜方法与再加工对毛竹笋营养成分的影响*

经试验分析表明，毛竹笋不同贮藏保鲜方法及再加工对笋产品的粗蛋白质、１５种氨基酸及矿质元素等营养成分有影响，其中用盐汁（笋）法和用亚硫酸盐保鲜的笋，粗蛋白质及氨基酸含量较保鲜前明显减少，而用清水笋罐藏及用ＳＭ保鲜剂保鲜的熟笋，氨基酸含量变化较小，而且保鲜笋的色泽正常、无异味，各项检测指标符合食品卫生标准，是我国目前较好的贮藏保鲜方法。     

几种保鲜液对菊花切花保鲜效果的比较研究

运用4种不同保鲜液对菊花切花进行处理，研究其保鲜效果。结果表明，选择适合的保鲜液，不但能延长菊花切花的瓶插寿命，而且能促使切花增大花径，提高切花的观赏价值。     

切花保鲜技术

切花保鲜技术周彬（黑龙江省林业科学研究所）刘立明,张铁奇（黑龙江省泰来县林业局）切花保鲜包括两个阶段：一是切花的售前保鲜,主要是保证切花生产过程及长途运输中的保鲜和售前催花问题;二是售后保鲜,主要是指消费者如何延长切花瓶养时间。１售前保鲜鲜花的采切,...     

切花保鲜

切花保鲜包括两个阶段:一是切花的售前保鲜,主要是保证切花生产过程及长途运输中的保鲜,二是售后保鲜,主要是指消费者如何延长切花瓶养时间.     

推广果蔬保鲜 抢占国际市场

我国出口的小麦、玉米及各种油料等劳动生产率低的大宗农产品，在国际市场上缺乏价格比较优势，而劳动密集型的水果、蔬菜、茶叶确有极大的优势。如我国独有的南方鲜枣由于上市早、个大、色艳而脆，在欧美市场上高达1美元一个，72美元一千克，是小麦、玉米等粮食若干倍，但由于受水果保鲜、包装及品牌影响，目前受到若干限制，山东沾化冬枣就是因为采摘受伤，又不分级，保鲜差，丧失品牌，在国际上优势相对好的新疆生产鲜枣由于保鲜、分级好，价格是山东沾化冬枣5倍。事实证明水果除改为人工采摘，严格分级，搞好保鲜是极为重要的。下面就新型果蔬保鲜，介绍几种新型果蔬保鲜纸，采用新型保鲜纸不仅可防腐保鲜，也降低成本，方法简单，是非常实用果蔬保鲜新方法，搞好保鲜才能美化你的新品牌，占领国际市场。     

石竹切花保鲜研究

采用四种不同保鲜液对石竹切花进行保鲜效果研究，结果表明，选择适合的保鲜液，不但能延长石竹切花的瓶插寿命，并能促使切花增大花径，延长切花的观赏期。     

竹笋的防霉保鲜技术

我国竹种约500种左右，大多数竹种笋可供食用。由于产区集中，产笋季节短，产地大多分布在边远山区，交通不便，往往因旺季竹笋大量积压腐烂，而淡季又无笋销售。若旺季及时对竹笋进行防霉保鲜，是可以扩大供应范围；延长供应时间；防止竹笋腐烂变质以及出口创汇。对于竹笋防霉保鲜常用的有加热灭菌、食盐路制及苯甲酸钠化学防腐剂，这些方法有许多不足。这西里介绍几种实用，又使竹笋能够防腐、防老化和保持其色、香、味的方法和技术。l采收及保鲜前的准备1）采收尽量采收同一种竹笋，采收时勿损伤，病、虫害的笋尽量不收或即收即食。2）整…     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.