蜂胶提取物对离体山羊虱的药效试验研究

用0.10%、0.30%、0.50%、0.75%、1.00%和1.50%6个不同浓度的蜂胶提取液对离体山羊虱进行药效筛选试验,探讨了蜂胶提取物对离体山羊虱的灭虫效果.实验结果表明1.00%的蜂胶提取液对离体山羊虱的灭虫效果较好(P＜0.01),0.75%最好(P＜0.001).     

用蜂胶提取物治疗动物虱病的效果

本试验检测了动物虱虫病新型生物治疗药一蜂胶提取物的灭虱作用。不同动物在不同浓度下效果有所不同，猪和山羊用1．0％的鲜胶提取液，黄牛和水牛用1．5％的蜂胶提取物有100％的治疗效果，且具有无毒、无副作用、无污染等特性，克服了传统灭虱药的不足，是一种价廉、易得、操作方便的生物杀虫药。     

不同浓度的蜂胶提取物对不同动物虱病的治疗效果

本试验检测了动物虱病新型生物治疗药蜂胶提取物的灭虱作用。不同动物在不同浓度下效果有所不同 ,猪和山羊用1.0 %的蜂胶提取液 ,黄牛和水牛用 1.5 %的蜂胶提取物有 10 0 %的治疗效果 ,且具无毒副作用、无不良反应及无污染等特性 ,克服了传统灭虱的不足 ,是一种价廉、易得、操作方便的生物杀虫药。     

山羊虱病的诊疗

1 病史 2004年6月25日石家庄市郊区某羊场饲养的山羊身体逐渐消瘦，发育不良，食欲不佳，患羊不断的啃咬患部或擦痒，经临床检查与镜检确诊为食毛虱寄生。     

爱普利注射液对牛血虱病的疗效试验

牛血虱（Haematopinidae eurysterus）是一种寄生于牛体表的吸血性寄生虫，在牛中很常见。虱子多发于秋冬两季（Holste et al．，1997；Geden et al．，1990；Chalmers et al．，1980）。在牛中，虱子很常见。据调查，在英国1940年有84．5％的牛场存在虱子感染，即使在广谱抗寄生虫药被广泛应用的1996-1997年，仍有63．1％的牛场存在虱子感染。     

山羊虱病的治疗

1病史2006年6月25日,奇台县碧流河乡牧场饲养的156只山羊,身体逐渐消瘦,发育不良,食欲不佳,患羊不断的啃咬患部或擦痒,经临床检查与镜检确诊为食毛虱寄生。     

羊虱病的发生与防治

在乌兰浩特地区从1996年至2004年共处理羊虱病12起，平均感染率9％，绵羊和山羊感染的虱种主要是颚虱和毛虱，采用长效伊力佳，碘硝酚，伊维菌素，皮下注射与口服，外用灭虱粉，除癞灵涂擦，获得较好防治效果。     

敌百虫药浴防治山羊疥癣病的试验

本试验用１％兽用精制敌百虫在两个山羊场药浴山羊３４２只，防治山羊疥鲜病效果满意。其中浴未发病山羊１０２只一次，观察两个月保护率为１００％； 对已发生疥癣病的山羊２４０只，连续药浴两次一月后复查，治愈率达１００％。     

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in goats. V. Relationship between the infection and lesions resulting from vaccination against paratuberculosis

In 2 goat herds, one infected with Gorynebacterium pseudo-tuberculosis and one free from the infection,, goats were examined for superficial swellings on the shoulder and chest. All animals in this study had been vaccinated against paratuberculosis before the age of 4 weeks. The vaccine had been applied subcutaneously behind the shoulder. Twenty-two of 40 (55 %) and 31 of 45 (69 %) goats had such lesions in the infected and non-infected herds, respectively. The difference between the herds was not significant, P > 0.05.Swellings found behind the shoulder in 19 goat carcasses derived from 4 herds in which G. pseudotuberculosis infection occurred were examined bacteriologically. No bacteria could be isolated from such lesions in 15 animals, while G. pseudotuberculosis in pure culture was isolated from 3 carcasses, and a mixed bacterial flora from the re-maining carcass. Bacteria could not be isolated from lesions situated behind the shoulder in 7 carcasses from 3 herds free from G. pseudo-tuberculosis infection.It is concluded that most swellings on the shoulder and chest in goats were granulomas resulting from vaccination against paratuber-culosis.     

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in goats. VIII. The effect of vaccination against experimental infection

The effect of an inactivated vaccine against C. pseudotuberculosis infection was tested on castrated male kids from a herd free from caseous lymphadenitis. The animals were divided into 3 groups with 8 animals in each. Group 1 was immunized with crude filtrated C. pseudotuberculosis toxoid and whole killed organisms, while Group 2 in addition was given levamisole. The kids were vaccinated twice at an interval of 4 weeks. Group 3 consisted of unvaccinated animals. All groups were challenged subcutaneously with live bacteria 4 weeks after the last vaccination. Unvaccinated animals showed the most severe course of illness after challenge. Development of abscesses in the regional lymph nodes (Inn. subiliaci) was significantly more common in unvaccinated than in vaccinated kids at necropsy 2 months after challenge. There was, however, no such difference between the vaccinated groups, and there was no difference between any of the groups as regards abscess formation at the inoculation site. In each of the 2 vaccinated groups, there was a titre rise following vaccination in the hemolysis inhibition test, whereas no such rise was seen in the bacterial agglutination test. The titre values in both tests increased significantly after challenge in all the groups, the increase being most rapid in the vaccinated animals. The present investigation indicates that development of caseous lesions in lymph nodes in goats, following subcutaneous inoculation with C. pseudotuberculosis, can be reduced by an inactivated vaccine containing whole organisms and crude toxin.     

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in goats. IX. The effect of vaccination against natural infection

A vaccination trial was carried out in 10 infected herds. The trial included 247 female kids, the number of animals in each herd varying from 15 to 38. About half of the animals in each herd were vaccinated twice at 3 to 4 week intervals, the first vaccination being carried out before the age of 4 months. A combination of a crude filtrate of C. pseudotuberculosis toxoid with whole organisms, was used. Overall, the prevalence of animals with superficial swellings was higher in the unvaccinated than in the vaccinated group during the first 1-2 years following immunization. However, in some herds superficial swellings were as common in vaccinated as in unvaccinated animals. An antibody response following vaccination was demonstrated in the hemolysis inhibition test, but not in the bacterial agglutination test. Superficial swellings were more common in vaccinated animals which were negative than in animals which were positive in the hemolysis inhibition test at 1 1/2 months after vaccination. The vaccine used in the present study, was not sufficiently efficacious to be recommended as the only protective measure against caseous lymphadenitis in Norwegian goat herds.     

漏芦乙醇提取物对奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞乳成分合成的影响

以体外培养的奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞为模型,利用β-酪蛋白、甘油三酯及乳糖/半乳糖检测试剂盒测定漏芦乙醇提取物处理的乳腺上皮细胞培养液中β-酪蛋白、甘油三酯和乳糖含量;采用荧光定量RT-PCR检测β-酪蛋白、甘油三酯和乳糖合成代谢相关酶和蛋白因子mRNA表达的变化。结果显示,25、50、100μg/ml的漏芦乙醇提取物以浓度依赖的方式显著提高乳腺上皮细胞合成分泌β-酪蛋白、甘油三酯及乳糖含量(P<0.05)及乳腺上皮细胞中乳成分合成代谢相关酶和蛋白因子的mRNA表达水平(P<0.05)。实验结果表明漏芦乙醇提取物能促进奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞合成分泌β-酪蛋白、甘油三酯和乳糖,并能提高乳腺上皮细胞乳成分合成代谢相关酶和蛋白因子的基因表达,进而影响奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞乳蛋白、乳脂和乳糖的合成。     

中草药苦参碱水剂对羊体虱防治试验研究

寄生于羊体表的毛虱,属啮毛虱科(Trichodec tidae),主要有绵羊毛虱(D.ovis)和山羊毛虱(D.caprae).毛虱的传播方式主要是宿主的直接接触感染,其次通过混用的公共用具和褥草而间接传播.毛虱啮食宿主的毛和皮屑引起瘙痒,造成羊群不安,影响采食和休息.     

Field efficacy of eprinomectin against a natural Muellerius capillaris infection in dairy goats

The field efficacy of eprinomectin against a natural infection with Muellerius capillaris was evaluated in adult dairy goats. A total of 13 animals were included in a crossover treatment study. Animals were treated with eprinomectin (0.5 mg/kg) in the spring and again in the autumn of 2006, and monitored by enumeration of the lungworm larvae per gram of faeces (LPG). The reduction in LPG on days 7, 21 and 42 after treatment was used to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy. Both in the spring and in the autumn a 100% reduction (P<0.01) in LPG was observed on days 21 and 42. These results illustrate that eprinomectin applied as a topical pour-on is a practical alternative to benzimidazole treatment of lungworms in dairy goats. No adverse reactions to the eprinomectin treatment were observed.     

In vivo anthelmintic activity of an aqueous extract from sisal waste (Agave sisalana Perr.) against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats

The resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) of small ruminants to anthelmintics has required the investigation of new alternatives. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo anthelmintic activity of an aqueous extract from sisal waste (Agave sisalana) (AESW) against GINs in goats and to observe the animals for toxic effects. Thirty animals that were naturally infected with GINs were distributed into three groups: group I, was treated with daily doses of AESW (1.7 g/kg) for eight days; Group II, the positive control, was treated with a single dose of levamisole phosphate (6.3mg/kg); and group III, the negative control, was left untreated. Faecal eggs counts (FECs), coprocultures and post-mortem worm counts were performed to assess the efficacy of the treatments. Clinical and laboratory analyses were performed to evaluate any toxic effects associated with the treatment. In the goats in groups I and II, a significant reduction (p<0.05) of the number of eggs and infective larvae (L(3)) was observed. The maximum reductions of the FECs were 50.3% and 93.6% for groups I and II, respectively, whereas the percent reductions of the total number of L(3) larvae were 80% (group I) and 85.6% (group II). There was no difference between groups I and III with respect to worm burden, and the percent reductions were 28.8% and 63.4% for Oesophagostomum columbianum and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, respectively. No reduction was detected for the Haemonchus contortus. The positive control group demonstrated a 74% reduction of the parasites that were recovered from the digestive tract. There were no changes in clinical and haematological parameters. The levels of serum urea and creatinine were higher in group I, but remained within the normal range. At necropsy, pale mucous membranes, abomasitis and enteritis were associated with parasitism. In addition, a histological analysis of the liver and kidney did not reveal any changes suggestive of toxicity. A chemical analysis of the AESW demonstrated the presence of saponins, which after acid-hydrolyses reaction, gave the sapogenins hecogenin and tigogenin. The AESW had a low efficacy for the parasitic stages and was moderately effective against eggs and free-living stages. Furthermore, the treatment was not toxic to the goats.