三种嗅源嗅认方式在德国牧羊犬鉴别训练中的效果研究

本实验遵循警犬生理结构原理和警犬鉴别训练原理,科学合理地设计了警犬鉴别训练实验内容和指标.用15头鉴别联系较牢固的德国牧羊犬,在同一气味条件下采取三种嗅源嗅认方式(握嘴嗅认嗅源、罐内嗅认嗅源、隐蔽式嗅认嗅源)进行鉴别并对全过程的表现分别记录并统计.通过此实验来研究同一气味条件下不同嗅源嗅认方式对德国牧羊犬鉴别训练效果的影响,以便为警犬鉴别训练补充相关的理论依据,总结不同嗅源嗅认方式的优缺点,为探索更好的鉴别训练方法及嗅源嗅认方式积累相关数据和经验.     

使用标定训练法训练警犬握鼻嗅

<正>刑侦犬的训练中,培养犬良好的嗅认嗅源的习惯和行为是非常关键的,这是气味作业的基础,只有犬充分感受和记忆嗅源,才可能以此为依据展开气味鉴别、追踪、物证搜索等工作。握鼻嗅是比较常见的一种嗅认方法,过去在德国、荷兰、芬兰等国警犬鉴别、追踪中比较常见,近年来,我国警方也在教     

嗅觉作业的基本功--嗅嗅源

嗅源是供犬嗅觉作业时使用的气味,是犬追踪、鉴别、搜索等使用科目的依据,犬对嗅源气味感受得好坏直接关系嗅觉作业的成功与否。一、犬嗅认嗅源的重要性在鉴别训练中,如果犬不是积极充分感受嗅源就不可能对所求物气味产生兴奋,就不能对鉴别形式中的配物产生抑制,就会出现犬在形     

谈“人性化”训练理念在鉴别初期训练中的应用

日常鉴别训练中,我们基本上都采用传统式鉴别训练手段,特别是鉴别初期,在清静环境下,训导员自己动手实施鉴别全过程,通过训导员的诱导和调节,培养犬鉴别的基础能力,即嗅源嗅认细、联系形式好、逐个嗅认稳、分化气味准、反应表情明显。在     

浅谈鉴别训练使用前的准备工作

一、鉴别气味的配置。鉴别气味的配置主要在嗅源上。嗅源气味的大小,新鲜与陈旧是直接影响警犬鉴别成功与否的关键。鉴别训练前的首要环节是嗅源气味的配置,在平常训练中就应多设置多样化的嗅源气味。所谓气味多样化是指低条件的嗅源附着混合气味(新异气味),使犬对新异气味产生兴奋,增强犬的探求反射,引起犬的充分感受,但需注意,不要经常手部触摸或脚内感染气味,这种方法训练时间长了,犬都不会充分感受嗅源。如用足部感染气味嗅     

警犬鉴别训练"握鼻嗅"方法的新尝试

一、传统的嗅嗅源方法 犬能否充分细致感受嗅源气味,对警犬的鉴别成功至关重要.嗅嗅源的基本要求是:犬根据训犬员的指挥,充分细致地感受嗅源气味,在嗅认过程中,不张口衔物、舔物或用前爪扒物,犬对所感受的嗅源气味产生兴奋,只有达到以上要求,犬才能在大脑中形成一种信号,对气味产生"记忆".     

浅析警犬鉴别训练的强化

警犬鉴别是利用警犬嗅觉的特殊功能,使犬在多个被鉴气味中分析辨别出与嗅源相同的气味。是由坐延缓、嗅认嗅源、进形式、逐一嗅认和分化、果断反应五个基本环节组成的动力定型体系。它的稳定性在很大程度上决定着鉴别训练能否正常进行和鉴别能力训练的高低。如何使犬在鉴别中达到稳定呢？强化起着很关键的作用。     

浅析警犬鉴别训练的强化

警犬鉴别是利用警犬嗅觉的特殊功能,使犬在多个被鉴气味中分析辨别出与嗅源相同的气味。是由坐延缓、嗅认嗅源、进形式、逐一嗅认和分化、果断反应五个基本环节组成的动力定型体系。它的稳定性在很大程度上决定着鉴别训练能否正常进行和鉴别能力训练的高低。如何使犬在鉴别中达到稳定呢？强化起着很关键的作用。     

警犬鉴别中嗅嗅源的能力培养

警犬根据训犬员的指挥和付予它的嗅源,从若干气味中分析辨别出与之相同气味的过程称为鉴别。鉴别训练是由坐延缓——嗅认嗅源——主动进入形式——逐个嗅认分化——准确明显反应——归位六个基本动作组成的动力定型体系。它的稳定程度决定着鉴别训l练的高低。     

谈犬在追踪鉴别训练中的真嗅与假嗅

培养犬在各种条件下仔细嗅认"嗅源",是追踪、鉴别训练的基础.这一科目的巩固与否,对追踪、鉴别都是至关重要.因此,在训练过程中,必须培养犬在嗅认"嗅源"上下功夫.在使用科目训练之前应认真培养犬嗅认"嗅源"形成条件反射,使犬能够自然兴奋地根据训犬员的口令、手势,做到指什么,嗅什么,指几次嗅几次,并达到不衔,不抓创,不咬不舔.     

中国饲料工业协会第五届理事会顾问、会长、常务副会长、副会长、秘书长、副秘书长、常务理事、理事名单

顾问刘中一张德邻宋瑞祥聂振邦张子仪戎易王维四会长白美清国务院原副秘书长、第四届理事会会长常务副会长(8人,以姓氏笔划为序)刘永好新希望集团董事长、第四届理事会副会长刘汉元通威股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陈丹广东恒兴集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长张延喜农业部原副部长、第四届理事会副会长吴明夏湖南正虹科技发展股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陶一山唐人神集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长温鹏程广东温氏食品集团有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长谭竹洲原化学工业部副部长、第…     

Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog

Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum.     

The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle

As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks.     

浅谈对症用药

对症用药就是通过对患病信鸽的症状进行诊断,进而确定病属,选择药物及如何用药的方法。     

Observations on the Pathology of the Spleen of the Cat

Abstract— Lesions were found in the spleen of four of sixty-three cats examined post mortem in the department, and comprised two examples of lymphosarcoma, one of chronic fibrinous peritonitis and one of subcapsular haematoma. Abnormalities were found in two cat spleens received from veterinary surgeons in general practice. In one cat the abnormalities were an haemangiosarcoma with secondary deposits in the liver and in the other extensive mast cell infiltration. In addition lesions were detected in the spleen of three of eighty-seven cats examined post mortem in general practice. The lesions were: multiple secondary deposits of adenocarcinoma from a primary tumour of the mammary gland, a ruptured spleen and a foreign body below the splenic capsule. Résumé— L'examen microscopique de soixante-trois chats pratiqué dans le service a permis de rencontrer quatre fois des lésions de la rate, dont deux lymphosarcomes, une péritonite capsulaire fibrineuse et un hématome sous-capsulaire. D'autre part des lésions ont été trouvées dans deux rates de chat expédiées par des vétérinaires exerçant en pratiaue générale. Chez un chat il s'agissait d'un htmangiosarcome avec métastases hépatiques et chex l'autre d'une infilt ation diffuse par des mastocyta. De plus, on a rencontré des llésions dnas la rate de trois chats parmi quatre-vingt sept autopsies effectuées dans le cadre d'une clientèle génárale. Ces iésions étaient dés métastases multiples d'un adénocarcinome dont la tumeur primitive siègeait dam la glande mammaire, une rupture de la rate et un corps érangers sou capsulaire. Zusammenfassung— Läsionen der Milz wurden bei vier von dreiuiidsechzig in dieser hbteilung sezierten Katzen gefunden, und zwar in zwei Fällen ein Lymphosarkom, in einem Falle eine chron-ische fibrinöse Peritonitis und in einem ein subkapsuläres Hématom. Anomalien fanden sich auch in der Milz von zwei Katzen, die aus der tierxrztlichen Praxis eingesandt wurden. Bei der einen Katze war dies ein Hämangiosarkom mit Metastasen in der Leber, bei der anderen eine weitläufige Infiltration der Mastzellen. Außerdem wurden bei drei von siebenundachtzig in der Praxis sezierten Katzen Milzläsionen gefunden. Diese bestanden am multiplen Metastasen eines Adenokarzinoms der Brustdrüse, einer Milzzerreissung und einem Fremdkörper unterhalb der Milzkapsel.