夏季蛋鸡日粮不同蛋白能量比对产蛋性能影响试验

夏季蛋鸡日粮不同蛋白能量比对产蛋性能影响试验张家口农业高等专科学校李凤学吴占福张鹤亮地矿部张家口探机厂养殖场范增义孙富前言炎热的夏季，蛋鸡的采食量下降，产蛋率下跌，在调整日粮配方时是增加蛋白水平还是提高日粮的能量浓度存在着两种对立的观点。一般认为夏季...     

青霉素菌丝蛋白在蛋鸡日粮中替代部分豆饼的试验研究

青霉素菌丝蛋白在蛋鸡日粮中替代部分豆饼的试验研究张家口农业高等专科学校李凤学地矿部张家口探机厂养殖场范增义张家口铁路宏达养殖场孙富青霉素菌丝蛋白是生产青霉素过程中的培养基副产品，其培养基的主要原料为玉米淀粉，豆饼和葡萄糖等。经化验分析，菌丝蛋白的风干...     

夏季如何提高蛋鸡饲养经济效益

夏季高温炎热,严重影响蛋鸡采食和产蛋,如何提高蛋鸡产蛋率和蛋鸡饲养经济效益,成为夏季蛋鸡饲养有待解决的重要问题。为使产蛋鸡在夏季保持较高的产蛋性能,笔者结合农村养殖实际,认为重点应注意如下几点:(一)加强营养,注意能量饲料的添加进入炎热夏季,蛋鸡食欲降低,采食量下降。实验证明,当环境温度超过25℃时,鸡就会通过降低能量饲料的采食以减少自身的产热量,致使其他营养物质的摄取量也相应减少,导致产蛋性能下降,这就需要饲喂含较高营养浓度的配合日粮。1.由于鸡对能量需要的采食调节能力差,夏季可适当提高配合饲料中的能量水平,在日粮…     

不同剂量碘盐对蛋鸡产蛋量的影响

不同剂量碘盐对蛋鸡产蛋量的影响阚德义，吴占福（张家口农业高等专科学校沙岭子０７５１３１）宋莉（张家口地区沙岭子医院检验科）前言碘蛋是一种新兴的保健食品，为了降低其生产成本，探索既能生产出符合要求的合格碘蛋（每枚蛋含碘＊量３００－１０００μｇ），又不影...     

保持蛋鸡夏季高产的技术措施

夏季高温炎热,影响蛋鸡采食和产蛋。为使产蛋鸡在高温季节保持较高的产蛋性能,必须采取必要的饲养管理措施。 一、增加营养 夏季当环境温度超过25℃时,由于鸡对能量饲料的采食量降低以减少自身的产热量,使其它营养物质的摄取量也相应减少,导致蛋鸡产蛋性能下降,这就需要用含较高营养浓度的日粮予以补偿。     

杂粕替代日粮中部分豆粕对蛋鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响

选用45周龄京粉1号蛋鸡480只,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复32只鸡,饲喂不同比例杂粕代替豆粕的日粮,探讨不同日粮对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。结果表明,在蛋鸡日粮中添加5.48%棉粕、5%菜籽粕及10%棉菜粕替代豆粕,对京粉1号蛋鸡产蛋性能无显著影响（P＆gt;0.05）;同时每产1 kg蛋消耗的饲料成本玉米-棉粕和玉米-棉菜粕组,显著低于对照组（P0.05）;但由于不同日粮的适口性不同以及能量水平的差异导致各组采食量差异及显著（P0.05）,从而表明在满足有效氨基酸需要量的基础上,蛋鸡日粮粗蛋白质水平减低2个百分点是可行的。     

日粮中添加可溶性纤维对蛋鸡采食行为、产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

日粮纤维不能被动物本身的消化酶消化,它可以调控动物的能量摄入、激素分泌等从而调节动物生产性能。本试验选用同一日龄的开产白来航蛋鸡900只,在基础日粮中添加不同浓度的可溶性纤维,依次为0%,1.0%,1.5%,分为A、B、C组,每组3个重复,每个重复100只。饲养试验时间为60d,进而研究日粮中添加可溶性纤维对蛋鸡采食行为、产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,日粮中添加可溶性纤维能显著增大蛋鸡顿间间歇时间(P 0.05),进而影响蛋鸡的采食行为;同时与对照组相比,日粮中添加可溶性纤维能显著提高蛋鸡料蛋比(P 0.05),对蛋白高度和哈氏单位有显著提高(P 0.05)。     

保持蛋鸡夏季高产的技术措施

夏季高温炎热，影响蛋鸡来食和产蛋．为使产蛋鸡在夏季保持较高的生产性能，应加强饲养管理．1提高营养水平夏季当环境温度超过25℃时，为减少自身的产热量，鸡对能量饲料的采食量降低，使其它营养物质的摄取量也相应减少，导致蛋鸡产蛋性能下降，这就需要较高营养水平日粮补偿．1．1日粮中添加1％～2％的油脂，代替碳水化合物为能量补充．1．2注意氨基酸平衡，适当增加日粮中可消化粗蛋白的含量，使氨基酸的利用率不断提高．1．3提高配合饲料中的能量水平，采用代谢能为11·9～12．3MJ／kg的口粮．2调往唱料时间夏季早晚气温较低，蛋鸡采…     

不同蛋白能量比小麦日粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究不同蛋白能量比小麦日粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶对蛋鸡生产性能的影响.采用3×4二因子析因试验设计,选取280日龄海兰灰蛋鸡1 440只,随机分为12个组,每组4个重复.日粮设3个代谢能水平:10.69、11.29、11.89 MJ/kg;4个蛋白水平:15.5％、16,5％、17.5％、18.5％.结果表明:日粮蛋白水平对采食量、平均蛋重均有显著影响(P＜0.05),蛋白18.5％水平在采食量方面显著优于15.5％水平(P＜0.05),但其余各组差异不显著.蛋白17.5％水平对平均蛋重影响显著高于其他水平(P＜0.05),对产蛋率、料蛋比影响均不明显(P＞0.05);日粮代谢能水平对采食量、平均蛋重、产蛋率、料蛋比影响均不明显(P＞0.05);蛋白能量水平对蛋鸡平均蛋重、产蛋率、料蛋比表现明显的互作效应(P＜0.05).综合考虑蛋鸡生产性能各项指标及蛋白能量的互作效应,本试验条件下在蛋白17.5％,代谢能10.69 MJ/kg水平组合下(即蛋白能量比16.37 g/MJ)蛋鸡的生产性能较为理想.     

生物发酵饲料对蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋品质的影响

［目的］旨在研究生物发酵饲料对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。［方法］选取8 000只367日龄健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成2组,每组4 000羽蛋鸡。第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2组为试验组,饲喂在基础日粮中添加4%发酵棕榈粕的混合饲料,试验期为45 d。［结果］试验第45天,试验组较对照组平均日产蛋重提高6.62% （P〈0.05）,料蛋比降低4.56%（P〈0.05）;相比对照组,试验组蛋白高度、哈氏单位分别增加了9.56%（P〈0.05）和6.31%（P〈0.05）,差异显著;试验组蛋黄颜色等级高于对照组,差异极显著（P〈0.01）。［结论］在蛋鸡日粮中添加发酵棕榈粕可提高其平均日产蛋重、哈氏单位,增加蛋白高度,提升蛋黄颜色等级、蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质量。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …