EGCG溶液浓度与酸碱度对黄壤Al、Fe和Mn形态的影响

植物多酚可通过络合作用改变元素的存在形态。采用双因素完全随机试验设计,通过浸提试验研究表没食子儿茶素没食子酸脂(EGCG)溶液浓度、酸碱度、浓度与酸碱度互作对黄壤可溶态、游离态、无定形态和络合态铝(Al)、铁(Fe)和锰(Mn)的影响。结果表明:EGCG溶液浓度对黄壤可溶态和络合态Al、Fe、Mn及无定形态Al、Fe均产生极显著影响,EGCG溶液酸碱度对黄壤可溶态及无定形态Al、Fe、Mn均产生显著或极显著影响,EGCG溶液浓度与酸碱度对黄壤可溶态Al、Fe、Mn,无定形态和络合态Al也有极显著或显著的互作效应。相关分析结果显示,土壤中3种元素的无定形态氧化物含量与对应的可溶态氧化物含量呈显著或极显著负相关,表明EGCG溶液主要通过改变氧化物形态,特别是无定形态氧化物含量,影响元素活化,进而改变其可溶态含量;Al和Mn的活化会使土壤滤液pH降低,在pH降低幅度较大时,可能导致土壤酸化。本试验一方面为研究酸性茶园土壤酸化的来源提供了方向,另一方面也可为植物Al/Mn毒害的防治提供参考,但在利用植物多酚类物质防治土壤Al/Mn毒害的同时要处理好土壤酸化与治理毒害的关系。     

腐殖质对白浆土中Fe、Mn、Al形态转化及磷生物有效性的影响

在三江平原布置长期试验，研究连年施用有机肥后土壤腐殖质变化及其对白浆±Fe、Mn、Al形态转化及磷生物有效性的影响。结果表明，施用牛粪后土壤腐殖质含量升高，且以松结态腐殖质的增长为主；土壤的DTPA提取态和有机络合态Fe、Mn、Al含量上升，使土壤有效态磷含量上升。因此，生物措施是治理白浆土，促进土壤磷素养分有效性上升，增大土壤缓冲容量和抗逆性的有效措施。     

植被自然恢复对煤矸石堆场Fe/Mn淋溶迁移的影响及其作用效果

[目的] 探讨植被自然恢复下植被类型对煤矸石堆场Fe,Mn淋溶迁移的影响及其作用效果,为煤矿区煤矸石堆场的生态环境治理及生态修复提供科学依据。[方法] 通过对贵州省中部废弃煤矿区不同植被条件下煤矸石堆场地表径流进行采样分析,同时通过移植煤矸石堆场上生长的马尾松、光皮桦和类芦进行盆栽试验以及采集基质渗透水样品。[结果] 马尾松、光皮桦及类芦生长的煤矸石基质渗透水和煤矸石堆场地表径流水中Fe,Mn含量均显著地低于无植物生长的煤矸石,煤矸石堆场植被自然恢复后地表径流水中Fe,Mn含量下降率分别达45.27%~85.60%,60.17%~90.13%,植被作用效果的大小顺序为：马尾松幼林 > 阔叶树幼林 > 类芦草丛。同时,马尾松幼林、阔叶树幼林、类芦草丛煤矸石堆场地表径流水中泥沙含量分别比无植被裸露的煤矸石堆场平均减少了40.18%,30.67%,27.91%。煤矸石中矿物颗粒态Fe,Mn的迁移量也出现明显的降低。[结论] 植被自然恢复能显著地减少煤矸石堆场Fe,Mn向水体的迁移及改善废弃煤矿区地表水环境质量。植物生长,特别是马尾松生长对减少煤矸石中Fe向水体迁移产生的环境效应大于Mn。     

棉花与不同作物同穴互作育苗对土壤微生物、 酶活性和根系分泌物的影响

为了探明两苗互作育苗提高棉苗素质的机理,本试验在塑料温棚2030℃、 自然光照条件下,采用532280 mm2具有200方形孔的塑料育苗盘,用土壤作基质,以棉花单作育苗为对照,研究了棉花分别与小麦、 玉米、 谷子和高粱同穴互作育苗对土壤微生物、 酶活性及根系分泌物的影响。结果表明, 随互作苗的加入,育苗土壤中细菌和放线菌数量显著增加,真菌数显著降低; 脱氢酶、 中性磷酸酶、 转化酶和脲酶活性显著提高; 2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、 2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、 邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和9-16碳烯酸甲酯根系分泌物的积累量显著减少,棉苗则表现为根系活力、 叶片可溶性糖含量和ATP含量显著提高,增加了棉苗根重、 苗重和侧根数,棉苗离床存活期延长,栽后缓苗期缩短。在四种互作处理中,以棉花+小麦、 棉花+谷子处理中棉苗素质表现较好。综上,两苗同穴互作育苗改善了育苗土壤微生物数量和结构,这可能是提高土壤酶活性和降低土壤有害根系分泌物积累的主要原因,进而提高了棉苗素质。     

被锰、铁和铝固定的磷的性质的比较研究

An experiment was conducted to examine the role of Mn in P fixation through comparing with Al and Fe.Hydroxides and oxides of Al,Fe and Mn were prepared in lab under opened and closed conditions to react with phosphate,The newly formed Mn hydroxide showed the strongest P-fixing ability,even several times higher than Fe hydroxide ,but became the lowest rapidly due to ageing when exposed to air,Mn oxide showed the lowest P-fixing ability,Therefore,a sound consideration on P fixation should be based on both quantities and P-fixing abilities of the compounds of Fe,Al and Mn,The importance of Mn on P availability should receive more attention especially under oxidation-reduction dynamic conditions.     

EGCG与Cd2+对前列腺癌细胞PC-3生长的抑制作用研究

采用MTT法检测了EGCG、Cd2+及二者相互作用对PC-3细胞生长的抑制作用;通过倒置显微镜观察了前列腺癌细胞PC-3形态的变化;采用细胞凋亡罗丹明123染色试剂盒检测了PC-3细胞凋亡;利用ESR法检测了PC-3细胞膜流动性的改变。结果表明,EGCG与Cd2+都可抑制前列腺癌细胞的生长;二者都可改变细胞的外观形态;80 µmol/L的EGCG处理并未观察到凋亡的PC-3细胞,20 µmol/L的Cd2+处理主要导致PC-3细胞坏死,而80 µmol/L EGCG与20 µmol/L Cd2+共存可诱导细胞凋亡;同时,EGCG参与的处理都降低了PC-3细胞膜的流动性。     

红壤中铝、锰和铁在酸雨作用下的释放特征

酸雨作用下红壤中Al、Mn和Fe的释放大多具有阶段性特征,旦土壤不同,其阶段性特征存在明显的差异。多数情况下同一土壤中Al和Fe的阶段性释放特征较为相似。3种元素累积释放量(Q)随淋溶量(H)的变化符合二次模型:Q=A B1H B2H2。经过9150～10650mm的酸雨淋溶以后,与对照(pH5.6)相比,pH4.5的酸雨使Al累积释放量增加8.16%～87.49%,Mn增加-4.29%～24.75%,Fe增加5.78%～86.03%;pH3.5的酸雨使Al累积释放量增加68.59%～158.60%,Mn增加26.11%～205.53%,Fe增加8.48%～138.88%。3种元素对酸雨的敏感性依次是:Al>Fe>Mn。其累积释放量在不同土壤之间表现出基本一致的特点:Al和Mn的释放量较为接近,且远远大于Fe的释放量。     

Release Kinetics of Si,Al, Fe,and Mn from Acid Soils in the Presence of EGCG

Plant polyphenols can affect soil processes. In the present study, batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of epigallocatechin gallate on the release kinetics of silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) from acid Anthrosol and Luvisol. The results indicated that the optimal model describing the release kinetics of these elements was a double constant, simple Elovich, or parabolic diffusion equation, and a first-order equation was not suitable. These elements went through an initial rapid-release phase, followed by a slower-release phase. The order of release amounts and rates for Anthrosol was Si > Al > Fe > Mn, but they were different at different phases. However, the order for Luvisol was always Al > Mn > Si > Fe. Meanwhile, the release amount and rate of every element was in the order Luvisol > Anthrosol. The results of this study could help to resolve Al and Mn toxicity in acid soils.     

我国主要麦区土壤有效铁锰铜锌丰缺状况评价及影响因素

明确我国主要麦区土壤有效铁锰铜锌含量分布和影响因素，对了解麦田土壤微量元素供应能力、指导小麦丰产与优质生产至关重要。于2016—2021年连续6年，在我国17个小麦主产省/市采集1 314份耕层土壤样品，参考中国土壤有效微量元素分级标准，评价了我国麦田土壤有效铁锰铜锌丰缺状况，并采用随机森林方法定量分析了主要土壤化学性质对铁锰铜锌有效性的贡献。结果表明，我国主要麦区土壤有效铁含量介于1.8~612 mg?kg-1，平均为49.1 mg?kg-1，8.9%的样本未达到缺铁临界值4.5 mg?kg-1，且主要集中在北方、西北麦区的山西、陕西、甘肃等地，西南和长江中下游麦区有效铁较高。土壤有效锰介于0.1~176 mg?kg-1，平均为22.1 mg?kg-1，低于缺锰临界值5 mg?kg-1的样本占6.9%，缺锰土壤分布在西北、北方麦区的山西、陕西、甘肃、内蒙古等地，西南、长江中下游麦区土壤有效锰含量较高。土壤有效铜介于0.1~10.8 mg?kg-1，平均为1.9 mg?kg-1，仅1.8%样本未达到缺铜临界值0.5 mg?kg-1。土壤有效锌介于0.1~26.0 mg?kg-1，平均为1.4 mg?kg-1，14.3%的样本低于缺锌临界值0.5 mg?kg-1，主要分布在西北和北方麦区的山西、陕西、甘肃、内蒙古等省份，云南、贵州等西南麦区的有效锌较高。土壤基本化学性质中，pH对有效铁、有效锰含量影响最大，有效铁是铜有效性的重要因素，影响有效锌的主要因素是有效磷和有效铜。我国麦田土壤有效铁锰铜锌含量存在较大的区域变异，铁、锰、锌不足主要发生在北方石灰性土壤，南方麦田供应充足，几乎所有麦田土壤有效铜可满足作物铜需求。     

上海地区水稻土氮素矿化模拟

Three types of paddy soils, derived from granite, Quaternary red clay and basalt, respectively, were selected to study the effects of Fe and Mn in paddy soils on methane production and emission through pot and incubation experiments. The results indicated that the difference of Fe and Mn in paddy soils was one of the important factors causing obvious differences in methane emission from different soil types. Soil Fe and Mn affecting methane emission from the paddy soils was likely through affecting soil Eh and forming Fe and Mn plaques on rice roots. Different rates and valences of added Fe and Mn significantly affected methane production from paddy soils. Therefore, this study enhanced understanding of processes controlling methane emission from paddy soils and may help to improve modeling and estimating regional and global methane emission from paddy soils.     

小流域范围土壤锰、铝形态分布及其相关性研究

分别在湖南的郴州和长沙选定两小流域(SZY和LKS),从小流域规模分析了酸雨频降区两小流域土壤的主要理化特性和土壤锰铝形态及其分布,并讨论了锰铝各形态和土壤有机质,土壤pH值之间的相关性。结果表明:在小流域SZY土壤中,各种形态的锰铝含量均高于小流域LKS土壤中对应形态的锰铝含量;在同一剖面,各种形态的锰铝含量有表土高于底土的趋势。在两小流域土壤中,除无定形锰(Mnox)外各种形态的锰铝均与土壤有机质呈正相关。铝的溶出与土壤有机质和土壤pH值有关。酸沉降能影响毒性元素铝形态的转化和淋溶。活性铝、锰形态可能富集在土壤表层或植物根际等富含有机质的区域,酸沉降或其它环境条件可能促进铝、锰形态在土壤表层或植物根际的转化和溶出,从而导致毒害。     

A study on the cytoplasmic and vacuolar accumulation of Fe and Mn in excised wheat roots

Abstract

Micronutrients are essential for successful crop production, and perhaps the most important of these are Fe and Mn which play a significant role in chlorophyll synthesis. These elements present crucial problems to plant nutritionists, since they are not easily translocated in the plant. An attempt is made to circumscribe the nature of accumulation of Fe and Mn at the cellular level, in excised wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Caribio) roots, over short term absorption periods. The absorption of Fe and Mn was followed using ⁵⁹Fe and ⁵⁴Mn labelled 0.1 mM FeSO₄, FeEDDHA, MnSO₄ and MnEDDHA. It is found that the uptake of Fe and Mn is extremely low, compared to those of freely mobile elements like K. The time course of uptake for Fe from FeSO₄ was biphsic, with a rapid (phase I) and steady (phase II) uptake, and the latter which is possibly vacuolar is rather negligible, excepting in the case of high salt roots pretreated with 5 mM CaCl₂. Mn uptake also followed a similar biphasic pattern, with less conspicuous phase II. The isotherm for Fe from FeEDDHA suggests that it is largely confined to one of the compartments, possibly vacuole. In contrast, Mn uptake from MnEDDHA is found to be biphasic. Furthermore, the rate of Mn uptake is lower than that for Fe. Significant differences were also observed between the roots grown in low salt (0.2 mM CaCl₂) and high salt (dilute nutrient) solutions.