基于三维点云的群体樱桃树冠层去噪和配准方法

樱桃树的栽培密度影响其冠层的光照分布,通过研究群体樱桃树的三维结构,可分析不同栽植密度下温室甜樱桃树冠层光照分布规律,指导樱桃树的科学种植,进而提高甜樱桃产量和品质。高质量的点云数据是构建群体樱桃树三维结构的基础,而点云去噪和点云配准是点云数据预处理的关键环节。本文提出一种基于三维点云的群体樱桃树去噪和配准方法,搭建群体樱桃树三维信息采集平台,使用2台固定的DK深度相机获取群体樱桃树彩色点云数据;提出基于颜色区域生长的二分类方法,设置颜色阈值分割点云并进行二分类处理,可有效去除彩色点云数据中的异常无效点,并设置点云离散度和RGB值,作为点云去噪评价标准;结合人工标记法和双相机位姿矩阵,提出基于颜色特征改进的ICP方法,解决传统ICP配准算法多依赖初始位姿且配准速度较慢的问题。该方法通过对点云粗配准,得到较好的初始位姿,使用SIFT算法提取颜色特征点,将颜色特征与ICP算法结合进行点云精配准,然后使用PCL中随机采样一致性算法,去除错误匹配点,有效减少配准时间,提高配准精度。以夏季和冬季的群体樱桃树20组点云数据为实验对象,对比分析ICP算法、NDT算法、SAC-IA算法和本文配准方法的配准精度和配准时间,结果表明,本文配准方法平均耗时分别为5.01、4.30s,均方根误差分别为2.316、2.100cm,有效减少了配准时间和配准误差,验证了本文算法的有效性和普适性。     

云南省土壤墒情监测系统的设计与实现

为准确获取云南省的土壤墒情,在分析传统墒情监测系统的基础上,设计了一种能够自动获取和处理多源土壤墒情数据且能不断提高数据精度的土壤墒情自动监测系统。系统利用温度-植被干旱指数(TDVI)对遥感影像进行反演,为不断改进反演算法,将反演结果与固定站点监测数据及其他相关数据进行了对比分析。以参数配置形式实现遥感影像自动下载、土壤墒情自动反演和旱情自动分析。结果表明,系统可以得到较高精度的土壤墒情数据,能够满足有关部门对于墒情监测的需要。     

测量数据和区域精度加权的模型配准方法

模型配准广泛应用于零件加工定位及精度检测。使用光学扫描技术获得的三维点云数据疏密程度与曲面的曲率有关,每个测量点所代表的测量面积不同,因此在模型配准时每个测量点应具有不同作用。另外,由于设计要求和制造工艺等的影响,零件表面各区域的精度存在差异,故配准时要考虑这种区域精度差异以保证高精度区域的配准效果。提出一种基于测量数据疏密和区域精度的加权模型配准算法,通过复合权因子控制不同数据在配准中的作用,得到更加符合工程实况的配准结果。仿真和实测数据实验结果证明,对精度存在差异和曲率变化较大的曲面所提配准算法比最近点迭代算法更加实用和有效。     

基于MODIS数据的冬小麦种植面积快速提取与长势监测

利用MODIS-NDVI数据,以中国冬小麦主产区为例,探讨了基于遥感影像全覆盖的大尺度冬小麦种植面积遥感综合自动识别及长势监测的方法。通过分析冬小麦的种植结构、物候历特征及其生物学特性和时序NDVI曲线特征,确定了冬小麦信息提取的NDVI阈值,建立了冬小麦面积提取模型,并最终获取了2010—2011年中国农情遥感监测中冬小麦长势监测所需的空间分布数据,与多年平均统计数据比较,总体精度达到81%以上。基于提取的冬小麦面积信息空间分布数据,利用MODIS-NDVI差值模型,对冬小麦2011年的长势进行监测。结果表明,与近5年平均状况对比,2011年冬小麦在其整个生育期内长势基本与常年持平,但时空分布差异较大。     

基于可变形全卷积神经网络的冬小麦自动解译研究

以高分二号遥感影像为研究对象进行冬小麦多元特征的提取,在U-Net模型基础上进行改进,将一种可变形全卷积神经网络(DFCNN)模型引入到遥感影像自动解译领域。为提高网络模型对几何变化特征的提取能力,引入可变形卷积的思想,将可训练的二维偏移量加入到网络中的每个卷积层前,使卷积产生形变,并获得对象级语义信息,从而增强了模型对不同尺寸及空间分布的冬小麦特征的表达。使用DFCNN模型对数据集进行训练及微调,得到最优的网络模型,其像素精度为98.1%,解译时间为0.630 s。采用FCNN模型、U-Net模型及RF算法得到的冬小麦自动解译像素精度分别为89.3%、93.9%、90.0%,说明基于DFCNN模型的冬小麦自动解译精度相对较高,且对复杂的几何变化特征有较好的表达,具有较好的泛化能力。     

基于改良SURF的多聚焦图像配准方法与模型

多聚焦图像配准是多聚焦图像融合、聚焦形貌恢复等应用必不可少的预处理步骤,配准精度决定了后续图像处理的精度。为解决常规方法配准精度较低的问题,本研究提出了一种基于改良SURF的多聚焦图像配准方法与模型。该方法通过黄金分割搜索对配准模型中唯一参数进行最优估计,以提高图像配准精度。实验结果表明,该方法的MSE均小于常规方法,NCC值更接近1,可以有效地提高多聚焦图像配准精度,能更好地应用于农业机械的智能自动驾驶、作业道路导航、工装作业状态监测等实际方面。     

基于M-估计的线性化稳健配准算法研究

复杂曲面在制造中的广泛应用对曲面配准技术提出了新的要求,特别是不同区域精度存在差异的复杂曲面配准问题日益突出。为了稳健估计思想推广到不同区域精度存在差异的复杂曲面配准,给出了基于M-估计的一种稳健配准算法。该算法利用M-估计子削弱复杂曲面低精度数据对配准结果的影响,但是这一模型目标函数是高度非线性的分段函数,求解效率不高。现有配准方法已能够迅速获得较好初始位置,因此利用Taylor展式线性逼近偏差函数,得到配准问题M-估计的线性化模型,提高了配准模型估计效率。每步迭代利用F-范数最小逼近旋转矩阵。对仿真数据和实测叶片数据进行试验,结果证明,对精度存在差异的复杂曲面所提算法比最近点迭代算法更加合理。     

基于改进爬峰法高分辨率遥感影像分割的树冠提取

对现有爬峰法利用高分辨率遥感影像分割进行树冠提取时存在的问题进行直方图压缩和基于类的二次合并两方面的改进,并将改进后的爬峰法在Matlab平台上模拟实现。以Quick Bird影像为基础数据源提取单木树冠,分析树冠面积提取精度,验证改进爬峰法对高分遥感影像树冠分割的可靠性。研究结果表明:实验样本精度均达到85%以上,与传统目视解译精度比较相差较少,满足应用需求。     

采摘机器人果实识别的多源图像配准

为了提高果实识别的准确性,减少非结构化环境对识别的影响,使用基于光学混合探测(PMD)技术的深度摄像机与RGB摄像机组合捕获果园环境的多源图像;SURF算法提取待配准图像的尺度不变特征,欧式距离作为判断特征相似性的测度,最近邻与次近邻比值实现特征向量的初匹配,最近邻的搜索策略加速匹配过程;剔除异常点与优化模型交替迭代的方法提纯匹配结果;并以均方误差(MSE)、归一化互信息(NMI)和相关系数(COEF)作为配准效果的客观评价标准.不同试验结果表明:双摄像机组合丰富了锁定目标区域的信息量,配准算法的实时性、鲁棒性及精度均能满足果园试验的要求.     

基于特征降维和机器学习的覆膜冬小麦LAI遥感反演

为进一步提升无人机遥感快速监测覆膜条件下冬小麦叶面积指数(Leaf area index, LAI)的能力,以垄沟覆膜冬小麦为研究对象,利用无人机搭载五通道多光谱传感器获取2021—2022年冬小麦出苗期、越冬期、返青期、拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期的遥感影像数据,使用监督分类剔除背景并计算50种可见光和近红外植被指数,采用主成分分析、相关系数法、决策树排序和遗传算法进行特征降维,结合偏最小二乘、岭回归、支持向量机、随机森林、梯度上升和人工神经网络6种机器学习算法建立不同输入特征变量下的覆膜冬小麦LAI反演模型,并进行精度评价。结果表明,剔除覆膜背景使冬小麦冠层反射率更接近真实值,提高反演精度。采用适宜的特征降维方法结合机器学习算法能够提高覆膜冬小麦LAI的反演精度和稳定性,对比特征降维前的反演精度,主成分分析和相关系数法无法优化反演效果,决策树排序只适用于基于树模型的随机森林和梯度上升算法,遗传算法优化效果明显,遗传算法-人工神经网络模型反演效果达到最优(决定系数为0.80,均方根误差为1.10,平均绝对值误差为0.69,偏差为1.25%)。研究结果可为无人机遥感监测覆膜冬小麦生长状况提供...     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。