鲁中肉羊BMPR1B、BMP15和GDF9基因多态性与产羔数关联分析

为分析绵羊已知多羔主效基因BMPR1B、BMP15和GDF9的多态性与鲁中肉羊产羔数之间的关系,采用Sequenom MassARRAY■SNP技术检测鲁中肉羊BMPR1B、BMP15和GDF9基因中已知主效位点多态性,并与产羔数进行关联分析。结果表明:BMPR1B基因在鲁中肉羊中存在FecB突变,GDF9基因6个分型位点仅4个位点(G1、G3、G4、G5)在鲁中肉羊中存在多态,BMP15基因中5个分型位点在鲁中肉羊中均不存在多态性。FecB基因3种基因型(CC、CT、TT)突变频率分别为0.16、0.58和0.26,此位点多态性较高(0.25相似文献   

Genetic screening of FecB,FecXG and FecXI mutations and their linkage with litter size in Barki and Rahmani sheep breeds

Characterization of fecundity genes offers the opportunity to improve production efficiency, and the consequent increase in litter size in livestock industry, through utilizing them in breeding programs. The main objective of this study was to detect the BMPR‐IB, BMP15 and GDF9 gene mutations and to investigate whether these mutations are associated with litter size in Egyptian sheep breeds. To achieve this goal, 73 adult ewes representing Barki (n = 33) and Rahmani (n = 40) breeds were used. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) screening approach was used to detect the presence of FecB, FecX^G and FecX^I mutations in the two selected breeds. Results of this study showed that the three different candidate gene mutations, namely FecB, FecX^G and FecX^I are not present among these selected populations of the Egyptian breeds. Further studies regarding other mutations and/or other genes, which may influence ovulation rate, should be carried out to determine the type and mode of inheritance of such genes in Egyptian sheep breeds.     

奶牛性别鉴定的研究与应用

 以控制部分绵、山羊品种高繁殖力的BMPR IB、BMP15和GDF9基因为候选基因,采用PCR RFLP方法分析闽东山羊BMPR IB,BMP15 和GDF9 基因多态性与繁殖性状的关系。研究发现：多胎品种闽东山羊及南江黄羊在BMPR IB 基因的相应位置上并未发生与Booroola Merino 羊相同的突变,同时也未检测到BMP15 的FecXI, FecXH , FecXB基因及GDF9的FecGH 基因,因此排除了这5个突变位点影响闽东山羊高繁殖力性状的可能性。然而,由于闽东山羊的BMPR IB、BMP15、GDF9 的全基因序列信息的缺乏,尚不能完全断定3个基因对闽东山羊高繁殖力性状没有影响。     

贵州白山羊GDF9基因编码区1007位点的多态性

生长分化因子9(growth differentiation factor 9,GDF9)基因是卵母细胞分泌的生长因子,调节卵泡的早期生长和分化。对贵州白山羊GDF 9基因的研究结果显示,编码区1007位碱基与已知山羊不同。为了研究1007位点对贵州白山羊繁殖力的影响,采用锚定PCR对GDF 9基因外显子2第18位氨基酸密码子所在区域进行了扩增、克隆测序和基因型分析,结果表明,GDF 9基因编码区1007位点表现出C/T多态性,使成熟肽第18位氨基酸为丙氨酸/缬氨酸替换;低产母羊均为杂合基因型,高产母羊中90%为杂合基因型,高产羊群与低产羊群之间基因型频率差异不显著（P＞0.05）,表明GDF 9基因1007位点的多态性与贵州白山羊产羔数之间没有直接的相关性。     

Differential Ovarian Morphometry and Follicular Expression of BMP15, GDF9 and BMPR1B Influence the Prolificacy in Goat

The variation in the kidding size of Black Bengal and Sirohi breed of goats makes them an interesting genetic material to study the underlying genetic mechanism of prolificacy. Accordingly, we studied the comparative ovarian morphometry including disparity in numbers of antral follicles of different sizes between these two breeds. Further, we evaluated the differential expression of the important candidate genes (viz., BMP15, GDF9 and BMPR1B) known to influence the ovulation rates and the prolificacy. The ovaries of Black Bengal (n = 20) goat were lighter (p < 0.01) in weight and smaller (p < 0.01) in diameter than those of Sirohi (n = 19) goats but possessed more numbers (p < 0.05) of corpus luteum (CL), large and small antral follicles. Quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR) analysis revealed differential expression of mRNAs encoding for the BMP15 and GDF9. Small antral follicles of Black Bengal goats expressed 2.78‐fold more (p < 0.05) of BMP 15 than those of Sirohi goat. Expression of BMP15 (p < 0.01) and GDF9 (p < 0.05) mRNAs was more abundant in the small than the large antral follicles of Black Bengal goat. The more numbers of antral follicles per unit of ovarian mass and differential expression of BMP15 and GDF9 may serve as an important clue for higher prolificacy.     

黄淮山羊微卫星多态性及其与产羔数相关性的研究

以绵羊FecB、GDF9和BMP15为候选基因,同时选择绵羊6号染色体与FecB基因紧密连锁的6个微卫星标记,分析其在黄淮山羊中的多态性及其与产羔数的关系。结果表明:在黄淮山羊中均未发现FecB、GDF9基因和BMP15基因突变。微卫星Lscv043、BMS2508、300U、GC101均为多态位点;而GC101与产羔数具有较强的相关性,在GC1013种基因型中200bp/238bp基因型群体对应的第1胎产羔数和第2胎产羔数均显著高于其他2种基因型群体的对应产羔数(P<0.05);但是各基因型群体之间第3胎产羔数差异不明显;同样基因型200bp/238bp对应群体的平均产羔数极显著高于其他2种基因型群体的平均产羔数(P<0.01)。其他位点的不同基因型群体之间产羔数差异均不明显。这些结果表明,FecB基因所在区域位点对山羊产羔数亦具有一定影响,可以作为山羊早期选育的理论依据。     

贵州白山羊BMP15基因多态性研究

骨形态发生蛋白15(bone morphogenetic protein 15,BMP15)基因是控制Belclare和Cambridge等绵羊的高繁殖力主效基因,BMP15蛋白中单个氨基酸的改变直接影响绵羊的产卵率和产羔数。采用RFLP和SSCP技术检测BMP15基因中绵羊高繁殖力突变类型FecXG和FecXB在贵州白山羊中的分布。结果表明,在贵州白山羊样品中没有检测到BMP15基因的FecXG突变,说明该突变在贵州白山羊中的自然发生率非常低;在贵州白山羊高产母羊和公羊中检测到BMP15的FecXB突变,以杂合的AB基因型存在,低产母羊中没有检测到该突变,提示BMP15基因的FecXB突变可能是影响贵州白山羊繁殖力的因素之一。     

影响山羊产羔数lncRNA的筛选及功能分析

旨在分析高、低繁殖力川中黑山羊卵巢组织中长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）的表达谱,探讨lncRNA与山羊生殖调控的关系,为解释lncRNA在山羊繁殖调控中的分子机制提供理论依据。本研究选择3胎以上的10头健康川中母羊（3.5~4.5岁）,将其分为高繁组和低繁组。高繁组为每胎产羔数在2头以上的母羊（n=6）,低繁组为每胎产羔数为1头的母羊（n=4）。同期发情后,采集高繁和低繁山羊的卵巢样品,并从中提取总RNA构建测序文库,通过HigSeq X ten平台进行测序,筛选出差异lncRNAs,通过对差异显著的lncRNAs与mRNAs位置关系以及结合能的判定预测顺式作用的靶基因,并对其进行GO和KEGG通路分析。最后,随机抽取6个差异lncRNAs进行实时荧光定量验证。结果表明,本研究共鉴定出168个差异表达lncRNAs,其中,163个lncRNAs在高繁组卵巢显著上调,5个lncRNAs在低繁组卵巢显著上调。筛选出的差异表达lncRNAs可能为调控山羊繁殖力的候选lncRNAs,包括ENSCHIG00000001479、ENSCHIG00000002617和ENSCHIG00000002622等。这些候选lncRNAs的靶基因（MYC、CDH2、FGF9、PPARGC1A等）主要富集于Jak-STAT、细胞黏附分子及AMPK等信号通路,ENSCHIG00000001479的靶基因MYC参与了Jak-STAT、TGF-β和MAPK通路;ENSCHIG00000002617和ENSCHIG00000002622的靶基因CDH2参与了细胞黏附分子通路。通过qRT-PCR验证发现,定量结果与测序结果基本一致。研究结果推断,ENSCHIG00000001479、ENSCHIG00000002617和ENSCHIG00000002622等lncRNAs可能对山羊生殖发育过程中的卵巢发育及排卵等进程具有重要的调控作用,认为鉴定出的差异表达lncRNAs与山羊产羔数有关。本研究利用RNA-Seq技术筛选高、低繁殖力山羊的差异表达lncRNAs,并对其进行GO和KEGG功能分析,为探讨山羊产羔数的繁殖机制提供更完善的转录组数据。     

Identification of polymorphisms in the oocyte-derived growth differentiation growth factor 9 (GDF9) gene associated with litter size in New Zealand sheep (Ovis aries) breeds

Having the ability to control litter size is important for sheep farmers and breeders worldwide. However, making genetic gain in key livestock traits like reproductive performance needs typically a lot of time, and both the fecundity and fertility traits have a great economic importance. Attention has therefore turned to better understanding the genes that control reproductive performance. Of these genes, research has focussed on the growth differentiation growth factor 9 (GDF9) gene (GDF9). In this study, a PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) approach was used to investigate variation in this gene in separate groups of purebred Finnish Landrace sheep, Finnish Landrace × Texel-cross sheep and composite sheep of undefined breed background, but based on New Zealand Romney-type genetics. Three GDF9 variants (named A, B and C) were found, and upon DNA sequencing, the nucleotide substitutions c.978A>G, c.994G>A and c.1111G>A were revealed. The frequency of variant A (containing nucleotides c.978A, c.994G and c.1111G) in the Finnish Landrace, Finnish Landrace × Texel-cross and composite sheep was 0.86, 0.78 and 0.76, respectively. In these three sheep groups, the frequency of B (defined by the presence of nucleotides c.978G and c.994A) was 0.01, 0.03 and 0.23 and for C (containing c.1111A) was 0.13, 0.18 and 0.01, respectively. An animal model was used to estimate the additive effect of fertility data for Finnish Landrace × Texel-cross sheep and revealed an association between litter size and the c.1111G>A variation (p = .036), but this was not observed for the Finnish Landrace sheep (p = .27) or the composite sheep (p = .17). When all the sheep were analysed together, the presence of c.1111A was associated (p < .05) with increased litter size, when compared to ewes that had c.1111G. Litter size did not differ between sheep with and without c.994A in all three groups of sheep investigated. This study suggests that c.1111A could be a useful genetic marker for improving fecundity in New Zealand sheep breeds and that it could be introgressed into other breeds, but analysis of more sheep will be required to confirm the associations that have been observed here.     

山羊乳中上皮黏蛋白MUC1遗传多态性与产羔数的相关性研究

采用SDS-PAGE法分析9个山羊群体乳中上皮黏蛋白MUC1遗传多态性,并通过构建的线性模型,采用最小二乘法分析乳MUC1位点遗传多态性与产羔数的相关性。结果表明:(1)9个山羊群体中,乳MUC1在SDS-PAGE上均呈现出了丰富的遗传多态性,表现为1条或2条迁移率不同的区带,317个个体共检测到7个不同分子质量的MUC1区带,分别代表A、B、C、D、E、F、G7个等位基因,共有17种基因型。(2)乳MUC1位点对山羊产羔数的影响达到显著水平(P<0.05);基因型为CC、EE和FF的个体产羔数的最小二乘均值显著大于基因型为BB、BD和CF的个体最小二乘均值(P<0.05)。因此,说明山羊乳MUC1遗传多态性有望作为产羔数的有效遗传标记。     

Exploring polymorphisms and their effects on reproductive traits of the INHA and INHβA genes in three goat breeds

In this study, we report the analysis of INHA and INHβA gene polymorphisms in 786 goats of three breeds: Xinong Saanen (SN), Guanzhong (GZ) and Boer (BG). We identified three new allelic variants: P1–C80G and/126G (GenBank accession no. HQ202573) in the three goat breeds and P2–C936T (GenBank accession no. HQ202572) in SN and GZ goat breeds. At P1 locus, AA, AB and BB genotypes were found in the three goat breeds. At P2 locus, CC and CT genotypes were found in SN and GZ goat breeds. After comparing genotype distribution within the three goat breeds, BG had conspicuous differences from SN and GZ (P < 0.001) at P2 locus. The SNP locus was in Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium at P1 locus in the three goat breeds (P < 0.05). At P2 locus, the SNP locus was in Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium in SN and GZ goat breeds (P < 0.05). Association of polymorphisms with litter size was done at P1 locus in the three goat breeds. The result showed that AA genotype had remarkable litter size at P1 locus in the three goat breeds (P < 0.05). Therefore, these results suggest that INHA gene is a strong candidate gene that affects litter size in goats.     

崇明白山羊gdf-9基因多态性与产仔率的关联分析

上海崇明白山羊具有高繁殖率的优良特性,为探索这一特性的遗传基础,本研究利用PCR-SSCP联合PCR产物测序的方法分析了gdf-9基因的多态性,结果发现在崇明白山羊gdf-9基因的编码区内存在3处多态位点,分别为A183C、G1188A和G1189A。其中G1188A变异位点在其他山羊中尚未有报道。经氨基酸编码分析,A183C和G1188A处的多态性未造成氨基酸的编码改变,G1189A处的G→A多态变化导致了缬氨酸→异亮氨酸的改变。两相邻多态位点G1188A和G1189A的产仔率分析结果表明:在75只崇明白山羊中,G1188A位点的3种等位基因型G(G)、G(A)和A(A)的基因频率分别为86.67%、13.33%和0;G1189A位点的3种等位基因型G(G)、G(A)和A(A)的基因频率分别为60.00%、40.00%和0;G1188A位点处G(G)型个体产仔数的最小二乘均值大于G(A)型个体(P>0.05);G1189A位点G(A)型个体的平均产仔数大于G(G)型个体(P>0.05)。综合G1188A和G1189A两个位点,不同基因型的最小二乘均值关系为AC>AA>AB,但3种基因型间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上结果,崇明山羊gdf-9基因变异位点的多态性对产仔数没有显著性影响。     

Single-nucleotide polymorphism identification in the caprine myostatin gene

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of MSTN gene amplified from 35 goats representing 17 Chinese indigenous goat breeds and five imported goat breeds were sequenced to identify the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of a 379‐bp fragment including part of intron 2 and exon 3 of MSTN gene. A total of eight SNPs (A1980G, G1981C, A1982G, G1984T, A2121G, T2124C, G2174A and A2246G) were identified among the sequenced goats. The SNPs found are all located in intron 2 except for A2246G, which was a synonymous mutation in exon 3. Four haplotypes were sorted from these eight SNPs, of which, haplotype I (AGAGATGA) and haplotype II (GCGTGTAA) are the two main haplotypes with the frequency of 77.8% and 14.8% respectively. The SNPs found at positions 1980, 1981, 1982, 1984 and 2121 might be linked to inheritance completely.     

Mutations in bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth differentiation factor 9 genes are associated with increased litter size in fat-tailed sheep breeds

The objective of this study was to investigate association between GDF9 and BMP15 gene polymorphism and litter size in fat-tailed sheep, a total of 97 mature ewes from four breeds (Afshari=19; Baluchi=18; Makui=30 and Mehraban=30) were genotyped for the BMP15 HinfI and GDF9 HhaI polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP technique. The highest and lowest mutant allele frequencies were found in Makui (0.27) and Afshari (0.10) sheep for the BMP15 gene and in Afshari (0.24) and Mehraban (0.18) sheep for the GDF9 gene, respectively. Litter size was significantly influenced by genotype of the ewe for two genes (P < 0.01). Heterozygous genotypes for both loci showed higher litter size than homozygous genotypes (P < 0.01). None of the individuals carried homozygous genotype for both of the GDF9 and BMP15 variants in these breeds. The individuals carrying the mutant allele for one of the investigated candidate gene still showed fertile phenotype. Thus, existence of homozygosity at one of the BMP15 and GDF9 variant is not probably able to block normal hormonal pathway of reproduction in fat-tailed sheep.     

BMPR-IB、BMP15、GDF9基因作为福清山羊高繁殖力候选基因的研究

以控制部分绵、山羊品种高繁殖力的BMPR-IB、BMP15和GDF9基因为候选基因,采用PCR-RFLP方法分析福清山羊BMPR-IB、BMP15和GDF9基因多态性与繁殖性状的关系。结果表明:多胎品种福清山羊及南江黄羊在BMPR-IB基因的相应位置上并未发生与Booroola Merino羊相同的突变,同时也未检测到BMP15的FecXI、FecXH、FecXB基因及GDF9的FecGH基因,因此排除了这5个突变位点存在控制福清山羊高繁殖力主效基因的可能性。     

山羊生长分化因子9基因FecTT突变检测

本研究采用PCR-RFLP方法检测生长分化因子9(growth differentiation factor 9, GDF9)基因FecTT突变在济宁青山羊、贵州白山羊、大足黑山羊、陕南白山羊、古蔺马羊、马头山羊、波尔山羊、成都麻羊、萨能奶山羊、文登奶山羊、板角山羊、金堂黑山羊、关中奶山羊、川东白山羊、安哥拉山羊、辽宁绒山羊、内蒙古绒山羊等17个山羊品种中的分布。结果表明,在17个山羊品种中都未检测到FecTT突变,提示,GDF9基因影响Thoka绵羊高繁殖力的FecTT突变对以上17个山羊品种的繁殖力均没有显著影响。     

川中黑山羊和雷州山羊大小卵泡转录组学分析

试验旨在通过比较两个品种山羊大小卵泡的mRNA表达图谱来挖掘影响山羊卵泡发育的基因,为进一步阐述山羊卵泡发育机制提供数据基础。使用氯前列醇钠对川中黑山羊和雷州山羊进行同期发情处理,屠宰后采集卵巢并在体视显微镜下分离单个卵泡（大卵泡>6 mm;小卵泡<3 mm）,提取卵泡组织总RNA进行RNA-seq,利用生物信息学方法检测mRNA表达谱,筛选差异基因,并对其进行GO功能、KEGG通路富集分析。结果显示,川中黑山羊大小卵泡差异基因共4 451个,雷州山羊2 355个,二者共有差异基因1 771个。分析筛选出两个品种共有（INHBA、INHA、CYP19A1、KITLG、LHCGR和STAR）及各自特有（IGFBP6、BMP6和BMPR2）的已报道与卵泡发育相关的基因,此外还筛选出可能与这两种山羊繁殖性能相关的基因（GADD45B、TC2N和MSMO1）。GO功能分析显示,两个品种共有差异基因主要与各种物质的跨膜转运活性有关;KEGG通路分析显示,类固醇生成、细胞因子受体相互作用和cAMP信号通路在两个品种中均存在显著变化。类固醇生成过程中细胞色素P450代谢差异可能是川中黑山羊高产仔数的一个潜在因素。本研究结果为进一步探究山羊卵泡发育的基因功能及不同山羊品种繁殖性能差异提供参考。     

黔北麻羊生长分化因子9和骨形态发生蛋白15基因遗传变异分析

试验将生长分化因子9(GDF9)基因和骨形态发生蛋白15(BMP15)基因作为候选基因,采用直接测序法检测GDF9和BMP15基因在黔北麻羊中的单核苷酸多态性。结果表明,在GDF9基因外显子2的562 bp处发生了突变(A→C),导致谷氨酰胺突变为脯氨酸,检测到AA、Aa 2种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.7273、0.2727;A、a等位基因频率分别为0.8637、0.1363。BMP15基因外显子2的480 bp处发生了突变(C→G),导致谷氨酰胺突变为谷氨酸,检测到BB、Bb 2种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.7000、0.3000;B、b等位基因频率分别为0.8500、0.1500。     

贵州白山羊GDF9基因编码区1007位点的多态性

生长分化因子9（growth differentiation factor 9,GDF9）基因是卵母细胞分泌的生长因子,调节卵泡的早期生长和分化。对贵州白山羊GDF9基因的研究结果显示,编码区1007位碱基与已知山羊不同。为了研究1007位点对贵州白山羊繁殖力的影响,采用锚定PCR对GDF9基因外显子2第18位氨基酸密码子所在区域进行了扩增、克隆测序和基因型分析,结果表明,GDF9基因编码区1007位点表现出C/T多态性,使成熟肽第18位氨基酸为丙氨酸/缬氨酸替换;低产母羊均为杂合基因型,高产母羊中90%为杂合基因型,高产羊群与低产羊群之间基因型频率差异不显著（P〉0.05）,表明GDF9基因1007位点的多态性与贵州白山羊产羔数之间没有直接的相关性。     

Polymorphisms in GDF9 and BMP15 Associated with Fertility and Ovulation Rate in Moghani and Ghezel Sheep in Iran

The genetic base of fertility and ovulation rate in Moghani and Ghezel sheep in northwestern Iran and northeastern Turkey is important because of their fat‐tailed meat and carpet quality wool. The genes encoding bone morphogenetic (BM) protein 15 and growth differentiation (GD) factor 9, respectively BMP15 and GDF9 have been shown to affect female productivity in domesticated sheep. Recently, numerous investigations have been performed on a variety of breeds to determine the association between mutations in these genes and fertility. Thus, in this study, we assessed such mutations in the Moghani and Ghezel breeds using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with appropriate enzymes. Our data were similar to those of the previous studies showing that the genotypes were heterozygous for GD (G →A) and BM (C →T) mutations. These heterozygous genotypes resulted in higher ovulation rates, illustrating that one copy of each of the BMP15 and GDF9 mutations had equivalent effects on the ovulation rate. We demonstrate for the first time that the BM variant may not be sufficient on its own for infertility. In addition, although the previous studies have shown no notable relationship between the GD variant, known as the non‐effecting mutation and sterility, we report that this mutation has an important role in the Moghani and Ghezel breeds.