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1／4野血牦牛,1／2野血牦牛及家牦牛初产产乳性能测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对１／４野血牦牛、１／２野血牦牛和家牦牛的初产牛进行１２０天的产奶量和乳脂率测定。结果：日均挤乳量,１／４野血牦牛为０．９４±０．２２ｋｇ,１／２野血牦牛为１．０５±０．１８ｋｇ,家牦牛为０．１１±０．１０ｋｇ;乳脂率,１／４野血牦牛为６．２９％,１／２野血牦牛为５．６％,家牦牛为６．２４％。经ｑ检验,３组的日均挤乳量和１／４野血牦牛与家牦牛的乳脂率均差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）,而１／２野血牦牛因野性较大,难以挤净含脂较高的二奶,以致乳脂率低于其它两组。 相似文献
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猪瘟病毒一步法RT PCR检测方法的建立 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本研究根据NCBI公布的猪瘟病毒石门毒株的E2基因序列,设计、合成了1对检测猪瘟病毒E2基因的RT-PCR引物。自疑似猪瘟病料及接猪瘟F114毒的PK-15细胞中提取总RNA,经一步法RT-PCR扩增E2基因。建立了猪瘟病毒E2基因RT-PCR检测方法,RT-PCR从26份疑似猪瘟病料中检出阳性病料24份,阳性检出率为92.3%;结果表明,建立的 RT-PCR方法具有良好的特异性和敏感性,可用于CSFV的分离鉴定、临床病料的检测和分子流行病学调查。 相似文献
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牛胚胎玻璃化超快速冷冻一步法移植试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用 30 %乙二醇 0 .3mol/ L 蔗糖 - m- PBS液 (VS1)、30 %乙二醇 0 .3m ol/ L 蔗糖 5 %葡聚糖 (T- 5 0 0 ) - m-PBS液 (VS2 )、30 %乙二醇 0 .3mol/ L蔗糖 10 %葡聚糖 (T- 5 0 0 ) - m- PBS液 (VS3)玻璃化超快速冷冻奶牛胚胎 ,一步法移植。结果显示 ,VS1、VS2、VS3组玻璃化超快速冷冻奶牛胚胎解冻后的形态正常率分别为 10 0 % (2 0 / 2 0 )、95 %(19/ 2 0 )和 5 5 .6 % (5 / 9) ;培养存活率分别为 70 % (14 / 2 0 )、75 % (15 / 2 0 )和 2 2 .2 % (2 / 9) ;囊胚孵化率分别为 0、2 0 % (4/2 0 )和 0。VS1、VS2组玻璃化冷冻奶牛胚胎解冻后的形态正常率极显著地高于 VS3组 (P<0 .0 1) ;VS1、VS2组玻璃化冷冻奶牛胚胎解冻后的培养存活率分别显著 (P<0 .0 5 )和极显著 (P<0 .0 1)地高于 VS3组。 VS1组冷冻的胚胎经一步法移植了 5头 (1枚 /头 ) ,未获得妊娠 (0 / 5 ) ;VS2组冷冻的胚胎用一步法移植了 10头 (1枚 /头 ) ,结果获得 2头妊娠(2 / 10 ) ,并产下 2头正常犊牛。 相似文献
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不同引物RT-PCR方法检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的比较研究 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：9
用3对分别针对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的ORF7、ORF5和ORF5的PCR引物N1/N2、AdGP5.1/AdGP5.2和RFLP5.1/RFLP5.2进行RT-PCR,检测PRRSV,从其敏感性、特异性和临床样品检出率等方面进行比较,在此基础上进一步建立一步法RT-PCR检测方法。结果显示:3对引物对PRRSV均有很高的特异性;应用N1/N2引物病毒最低检测量为7.9 TC ID50,而AdGP5.1/AdGP5.2引物和RFLP5.1/RFLP5.2引物PCR最低检测量为79 TC ID50;运用N1/N2、AdGP5.1/AdGP5.2和RFLP5.1/RFLP5.2引物分别进行RT-PCR扩增检测临床样品,PRRSV检出率分别为28/48、27/48和25/48,且用AdGP5.1/AdGP5.2和RFLP5.1/RFLP5.2引物检测的阳性样品,用N1/N2引物检测也都呈阳性。运用N1/N2引物,通过一步法RT-PCR成功地从PRRSV S1株中扩增出374 bp的目的基因片段。结果表明,用N1/N2引物扩增PRRSV目的基因,其敏感性和临床样品检出率更高,更适合临床样品PRRSV的检测。 相似文献
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一步法多重RT-PCR检测新城疫、禽流感、传染性支气管炎病毒试验的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了提高检测鸡肉中新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus,NDV),禽流感病毒(Avian influenza virus,AIV),传染性支气管炎病毒（Avian infectious bronchitis virus,IBV)的效率和敏感性,利用引物设计软件Primer Primer5.0设计了NDV的F基因片段,AIV的M基因片段,IBV的M基因片段的引物,在以前一步法RT-PCR扩增各种病毒RNA的基础上,进行了两种病毒和三种病毒的一步法多重RT-PCR的试验。结果确定了两种病毒的一步法多种RT-PCR的试验条件。三种病毒的一步法多重RT-PCR的试验条件基本确立,本试验初步建立了检测NDV,AIV,IBV一步法多重RT-PCR技术。 相似文献
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Hiroshi Tajimi Tsugumi Yamazaki Syoko Oike Tatsuyuki Yoshida Konosuke Okada Masashige Kuwayama Hitoshi Ushijima 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(8):1194-1200
This study was conducted to examine the utility of vitrification for bovine embryos with low‐quality grade, and simple cryoprotectants dilution method for practitioners. In Experiment 1, survival of frozen embryos was compared with that of vitrified embryos using minimum volume cooling (MVC). Then, vitrified embryos were used to confirm the optimum sucrose concentration in Experiment 2. The survival rates of embryos that had been vitrified following diluted cryoprotectants with the one‐step in‐straw method were compared with those of fresh control embryos in Experiment 3. Frozen‐thawed or vitrified‐warmed blastocysts were cultured with TCM‐199 supplemented with 100 μmol/L beta‐mercaptoethanol +5% fetal bovine serum at 38.5°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air, their survival after 24 hr were compared. The development to term of fair quality in vivo embryos after vitrification was examined in Experiment 4. Results show that survival rates of frozen‐thawed embryos were lower (p < .05) than that of vitrified‐warmed ones. When vitrified embryos were warmed in 0.3 mol/L sucrose in straws, their survival rate was 100%. The total cell numbers of vitrified‐warmed embryos were comparable to those of fresh control embryos. The six calves from 13 vitrified embryos were delivered in Experiment 4. These results indicate that MVC vitrification following one‐step cryoprotectants dilution is utilized to preserve low‐quality bovine embryos. 相似文献
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利用一步法RT-PCR技术成功扩增了37个新城疫病毒分离株的(其中2株属于鸽源病毒)F基因片段(约500bp)，通过对分离株的测序和基因分型表明，24株属于基因Ⅶ型，1株属于基因Ⅵ型，2株属于基因Ⅲ型，1株属于基因Ⅰ型，6株属于基因Ⅱ型，另外有3株从氨基酸方面分析是基因Ⅶ和Ⅵ型的杂交体，但从进化树方面，分离毒SD054和SD069属于基因Ⅵ型，SD052属于基因Ⅶ型。可以看出，我国新城疫的流行是极其复杂的，既有老基因型的威胁，又有新基因型的不断流行，同时发现有3株病毒发生了两基因型间的杂交现象。 相似文献
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F. Heer B. Dobenecker E. Kienzle 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(6):1324-1330
In the present investigation, the impact of diet composition on urine pH in rabbits was compared with previous studies on rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs and horses. A total of 13 dwarf rabbits were fed six different diets with a cation–anion balance (CAB) between ?39 and +320 mmol/kg dry matter (DM) using ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) as an acidifier. CAB was calculated as follows: CAB (mmol/kg DM) = 49.9*Ca + 82.3*Mg +43.5*Na + 25.6*K ? 59*P ? 62.4*S ? 28.2*Cl; minerals in g/kg DM. Urine, faeces and blood were collected. Urine pH ranged from 5.26 ± 0.22 at a CAB of ?39 mmol/kg DM to 8.56 ± 0.24 at a CAB of +320 mmol/kg DM. A low CAB in the feed reduced blood pH and blood base excess significantly. Renal excretion of Ca, P, Na and Mg and water was significantly higher in rabbits eating acidifying diets. In comparison with other species, rabbits reacted to acidifying diets in a similar way as cats, dogs and pigs. Rabbits on a mildly alkalizing diet, however, had a trend to higher urine pH than other monogastric species on such diets (cats, dogs, pigs, horses). 相似文献
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M. R. V. Cosate A. S. Barouni E. C. Moreira I. F. Veloso M. T. R. Gomes C. E. Salas 《Zoonoses and public health》2012,59(6):379-388
We report the initial characterization of a leptospiral isolate, Leptospira interrogans, serogroup Sejroe, serovar Hardjo, genotype Hardjoprajitno, strain Norma, and its relatedness with L. interrogans, serogroup Sejroe, serovar Hardjo, genotype Hardjoprajitno, strain Hardjo and Leptospira borgpetersenii, serogroup Sejroe, serovar Hardjo, genotype Hardjobovis, strain Sponselee. The Norma strain singled out during a leptospirosis outbreak in cattle immunized with antigens from the reference strain Hardjoprajitno (OMS). By applying a microscopic agglutination serological test (MAT) to cattle (n = 2966) with symptoms of leptospirosis between 2003 and 2007, more than 50% of sera were found positive for one of the following serotypes: Hardjoprajitno (31–21%), Hardjo Norma (46–40%), Hardjo hardjobovis (18–10%), Mini (8–4%) and Wolffi (7–4%). In immunization trials using six isolates plus Norma isolate, the remission of MAT in these isolates was observed following 6 months of the initial vaccination. To provide molecular ground for the high MAT Norma frequency found in these isolates, a DNA polymorphic analysis was conducted by comparing the Norma isolate with reference strains Hardjoprajitno and Sponselee. The polymorphic analysis in secY showed five base changes in Norma relative to Hardjoprajitno strain, corresponding to 98% identity, while Sponselee displayed 49 polymorphic sites relative to the Hardjoprajitno strain, representing 80% identity. The alignment of secY translated sequences shows no differences between Hardjoprajitno and Norma, and eight polymorphisms between genotype hardjoprajttno and strain Sponselee. Three‐dimensional modelling located these variations within the loop region connecting helices 7 and 8 from secY which is less conserved. DNA sequencing of 23S ribosomal conserved fragment revealed a single polymorphism between Hardjoprajitno and Norma, and 13 polymorphisms between strains Sponselee, Hardjoprajitno and Norma. The differences between Hardjo and Norma were confirmed by low stringency single‐specific primer polymerase chain reaction (LSSP‐PCR) signature experiments with the primer G2, using as template the 285 bp fragment initially amplified with G1/G2 primers. 相似文献
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M. Koivula I. Strandén G.P. Aamand E.A. Mäntysaari 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2018,135(2):107-115
The number of genotyped animals has increased rapidly creating computational challenges for genomic evaluation. In animal model BLUP, candidate animals without progeny and phenotype do not contribute information to the evaluation and can be discarded. In theory, genotyped candidate animal without progeny can bring information into single‐step BLUP (ssGBLUP) and affect the estimation of other breeding values. We studied the effect of including or excluding genomic information of culled bull calves on genomic breeding values (GEBV) from ssGBLUP. In particular, GEBVs of genotyped bulls with daughters and GEBVs of young bulls selected into AI to be progeny tested (test bulls) were studied. The ssGBLUP evaluation was computed using Nordic test day (TD) model and TD data for the Nordic Red Dairy Cattle. The results indicate that genomic information of culled bull calves does not affect the GEBVs of progeny tested reference animals, but if genotypes of the culled bulls are used in the TD ssGBLUP, the genetic trend in the test bulls is considerably higher compared to the situation when genomic information of the culled bull calves is excluded. It seems that by discarding genomic information of culled bull calves without progeny, upward bias of GEBVs of test bulls is reduced. 相似文献
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本研究旨在建立猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的一步多重RT-PCR检测方法.通过多序列比对以及反应条件的优化,从4对引物中精选了3对特异性和敏感性较好、扩增片段分别为228、345和490 bp的引物,并应用所建立的方法对4种分离株的细胞毒和组织毒、田间样品及临床症状相似的疾病猪瘟和猪伪狂犬病毒做了检测;并对田间及实验室样品进行符合率试验,对阳性样品进行重复性试验.与常规RT-PCR法进行比较,证明该方法比常规RT-PCR法敏感性提高了10倍;而且利用该方法可使检测时间大大缩短;特异性试验证实该方法无交叉反应;阳性和阴性样本的符合率均为100％;3次阳性样品重复性检测结果完全相同;稳定性试验显示该试剂盒至少可保存1年以上.本研究所建立的PRRSV一步多重RT-PCR检测方法的敏感性高、特异性强、操作简便、省时、结果重复性好,不仅适用于临床病例尤其低微含量样品的诊断,而且在筛查隐形带毒动物及兽医检疫方面具有重要的应用价值. 相似文献
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Lucas L. Asaava Phillip M. Kitala Peter B. Gathura Mark O. Nanyingi Gerald Muchemi Esther Schelling 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2009,89(3-4):197-204
Bovine cysticercosis is a zoonosis that is mainly of socioeconomic and public health importance. A survey of this disease was carried out in Northern Turkana District, Kenya to estimate the prevalence through both serology and meat inspection, to determine the prevalence of the adult tapeworm in the human definitive host, and to determine risk factors for cattle seropositivity. This information is of public health importance and will be of use in assessing economic losses due to downgrading, refrigeration or condemnation of infested carcasses.The study area was stratified into the three livestock grazing regions of Oropoi to the south, Lokichoggio–Mogilla centrally and Kibish in the north for the purposes of the serological and questionnaire (n = 53 herd owners) data. Five adakaars (grazing units) were selected and 34, 63, 49, 75 and 571 cattle serum samples obtained from these. The slaughter slabs of Lokichoggio and Kakuma were visited and 188 serum samples were obtained from slaughter cattle and compared to results of meat inspection. Human stool samples were collected in each of the three grazing areas and 66, 97 and 78 samples were obtained.The seroprevalence of cysticercosis in cattle was estimated at 16.7% (95% CI 13–20.9%) using a secretory–excretory antigen detection ELISA. There was poor agreement between meat inspection and serology (k = 0.025; p = 0.2797). The prevalence of taeniosis was estimated as 2.5% (95% CI 0.8–5.6%) by microscopy.A backwards elimination logistic regression analysis indicated that the grazing unit (Adakaar), the deworming history of household members and the distance (>2 km) of grazing fields from the homestead were significant explanatory variables for cattle being found to be positive on serology. An intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.07 (0.02–0.12); p < 0.0001 was calculated for bovine cysticercosis in this area. 相似文献
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J. Gottschalk A. Einspanier F.R. Ungemach G. Abraham 《Research in veterinary science》2011,90(3):491-497
The influence of two topical dexamethasone applications (dermal and ototopical) on plasma insulin, glucose, thyroid hormone and cortisol levels was investigated in beagle dogs. Both treatments significantly decreased basal cortisol values, associated with exaggerated rise in insulin (∼50%), together with unchanged serum glucose levels. Dermal dexamethasone quickly decreased plasma thyroxin (T4) levels; whereas dexamethasone in ear drops gradually inhibited time-dependently T4 release (18–50%). Both formulations blunted plasma triiodothyronine (T3) levels but the response induced by dermal dexamethasone was stronger than by dexamethasone ear drops. Upon drug withdrawal, insulin secretion returned to baseline a week after treatment cessation, while cortisol, T4 and T3 levels did not reach baseline values. These results suggest that topical glucocorticoids unexpectedly trigger secondary hypothyroidism with concomitant suppression of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis but sensitize the endocrine pancreas, thus, their application needs careful evaluation for surprisingly different effects on endocrine stress axis activity. 相似文献
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Fuyu Shi Hucheng Wang Abraham Allan Degen Jianwei Zhou Na Guo Shah Mudassar Ruijun Long 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(4):969-976
Yaks and indigenous Qaidam cattle and cattle‐yak crosses (C × Y) graze on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) throughout the year, but yaks are raised at higher elevations than cattle. Yaks do not receive supplementary feed whereas cattle require supplementary feed during harsh winter. We hypothesized that yaks would cope with the severe conditions of the QTP better than cattle and utilize the pasture more efficiently. We also hypothesized that differences between species would be pronounced in winter, when conditions are particularly harsh. To test these hypotheses, seasonal rumen fluid parameters of yaks, C × Y and cattle (n = 3 for each) were examined. Rumen fluid was collected in summer and winter from each genotype 2, 5 and 12 hr after a day of grazing. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate, propionate, isobutyrate and isovalerate were greater in yaks than in cattle in summer (p < 0.05), while propionate concentration was lower in yaks than in cattle in winter (p < 0.05). Concentrations of ammonia and urea were greater (p < 0.001) in yaks than in cattle (p < 0.001) in summer, whereas, concentrations of free amino acids (AA) were greater in cattle than in yaks in summer and winter (p < 0.001). Concentrations of total VFA, acetate, propionate and butyrate decreased linearly (p < 0.05), whereas concentrations of isobutyrate and isovalerate increased linearly for yak and C × Y with sampling time (p < 0.05) in summer. In summer, concentrations of isobutyrate and isovalerate were greater in yaks than in cattle (p < 0.05). In conclusion, rumen fermentation characteristics of yaks showed that they coped better than cattle or C × Y in the harsh climate as we hypothesized. However, in contrast to our hypothesis, this emerged only in summer, when pasture was plentiful and not in winter, when pasture was scarce. 相似文献
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J. Seni N. Moremi M. Matee F. van der Meer R. DeVinney S. E. Mshana J. D. D Pitout 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(1):1-10
The emergence and spread of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL‐PE) are complex and of the public health concern across the globe. This review aimed at assessing the ESBL‐PE clones circulating in humans, animals and the environment to provide evidence‐based insights for combating ESBL‐PE using One Health approach. Systematic search from Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar and African Journals Online was carried out and retrieved nine eligible articles (of 131) based on phenotypic and genotypic detection of ESBL‐PE between 2005 and 2016 in Tanzania. Analysis was performed using STATA 11.0 software to delineate the prevalence of ESBL‐PE, phenotypic resistance profiles and clones circulating in the three interfaces. The overall prevalence of ESBL‐PE in the three interfaces was 22.6% (95% CI: 21.1–24.2) with the predominance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains (51.6%). The majority of ESBL‐PE were resistant to the commonly used antimicrobials such as trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline/doxycycline, 38%–55% were resistant to ciprofloxacin and all were sensitive to meropenem/imipenem. ESBL‐PE infections were more associated with deaths compared to non‐ESBL‐PE infections. Strikingly, E. coli ST38, ST131 and ST2852 were found to intersect variably across the three interfaces. The predominant allele, blaCTX‐M‐15, was found mostly in the conjugative IncF plasmids connoting transmission potential. The high prevalence of ESBL‐PE and shared clones across the three interfaces, including the global E. coli ST131 clone, indicates wide and inter‐compartmental spread that calls for One Health genomic‐driven studies to track the resistome flow. 相似文献