番鸭呼肠孤病毒S基因组的克隆与序列分析

对番鸭呼肠孤病毒S12和S14毒株S基因组（S1-4）中σA、σB、σNS和σC蛋白基因进行了克隆和测序。序列分析表明：鸭呼肠孤病毒（DRV）与禽呼肠孤病毒（ARV）的σA和σNS基因的核苷酸同源性分别为76．0％～77．1％和78．4％～79．6％，氨基酸同源性分别为89．5％～91．2％和91.6％～92．7％；而具有诱导群特异性和型特异性中和抗体的σB和σC基因的核苷酸同源性分别为60．3％～64．4%和2．7%～9．9％，氨基酸同源性分别为61．4％～62．0％和22．6％～26．7％；DRV和ARV抗原性存在差异。而DRVS12／S14与法国89026株σA、σB、σNS和σC基因的核苷酸同源性分别为90．0％、93．6％、87．9％～88．0％和93．1%，氨基酸同源性分别为97．1%、94．3%、95．7%～95．9%和93．7％。进化树分析表明，DRV与ARV形成不同的分支，DRV是正呼肠孤病毒属中不同于ARV的一种新的呼肠孤病毒。     

鸭源呼肠孤病毒DRV-GZ株S2基因的序列分析及其表达

采用RT-PCR方法从鸭源呼肠孤病毒DRV—GZ株中扩增出了S2基因片段,将其克隆到表达载体pET-28a（＋）中,测序验证后转化入表达宿主菌Rosetta^TM2（DE3）plysS,进行IPTG诱导表达。结果表明,重组菌可表达出相对分子质量约为50000的重组融合蛋白,在浓度为0．6mmol／L的IPTG诱导4h的情况下表达效果最好。表达的蛋白以包涵体的形式存在于菌体中。表达产物经Ni柱纯化后可得到纯度较高的目的蛋白。经Western-blot分析,所纯化的蛋白能与抗呼肠孤病毒DRV—GZ株阳性血清进行特异性的免疫印迹反应,证实表达的蛋白具有较好的反应原性。     

我国番鸭呼肠孤病毒研究文献统计分析

为了更好地认识我国番鸭呼肠孤病毒研究的现状,对2018年11月前中国知网数据库的177篇番鸭呼肠孤病毒研究文献的发表时间、发表刊物、研究机构、作者信息以及研究主题等进行统计分析。结果表明:目前番鸭呼肠孤病毒研究文献发表期刊整体质量较高,研究机构和作者以福建农林大学及福建省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所占优势,对病原学、致病机理及分子流行病学等方面研究不够深入,对免疫学和防控技术的研究较为欠缺。     

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of P10- and P17-encoding genes of avian reovirus

Avian reovirus (ARV) causes viral arthritis, chronic respiratory diseases, and malabsorption syndrome. The P10 protein is a viroporin and induces cell fusion, whereas the biological function of P17 protein is completely unknown. In this study, the nucleotide sequences of the P10- and P17-encoding genes from 17 field isolates and vaccine strains of ARV isolated over a 23-year period from distinct geographic locations were analyzed to define phylogenetic profiles and to study sequence variability and genetic evolution. These genes displayed the signs of a high level of sequence divergence and have evolved into five distinct lineages, respectively. The P17-encoding gene showed higher sequence divergence than that of P10-encoding gene. Our results indicated that synonymous substitutions predominate over nonsynonymous substitutions in both genes. Comparison of P10 and P17 gene phylograms with those of S-class genes revealed distinct evolutionary patterns, indicating that P10 and P17 evolve in an independent manner. Comparative sequence analysis also showed extensive sequence divergence between ARV and other orthoreoviruses. The phylogenetic analysis of P10- and P17-encoding genes revealed that diversity within both genes is neither dependent of viral serotypes nor correlated with the disease states caused by avian reovirus.     

鸭肝炎病毒浙江分离株全基因组测序及其VP1基因的序列分析

利用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术及RACE方法扩增得到鸭肝炎病毒(DHV)浙江分离株Z10的全基因(5',3'末端序列用RACE法扩增)及4株DHV分离株的VP1基因.结果表明,分离株Z10的全基因片段长7689 bp,有1个大的开放读码框(ORF),ORF位于626～7326位核苷酸,编码2249个氨基酸.Z10分离株全基因序列与GenBank登录的6株具有代表性的DHV核苷酸序列比对,同源性94.5%～98.4%;所测得的DHV分离株的VP1基因的序列与目前GenBank上发表的具有代表性的DHv-Ⅰ VP1基因进行比对分析,结果4株Ⅰ型DHV的VP1基因cDNA长度均为714 bp,编码238个氨基酸.4株DHV-Ⅰ之间VP1基因的核苷酸序列同源性为93%～99.7%,氨基酸序列同源性为95.0%～100%;与参考毒株VP1基因的核苷酸序列同源性为92.2%～100%,氨基酸序列同源性为95.0%～100%;表明各分离毒株的亲缘关系较近,属于同一基因群.     

Sequence analysis of both genome segments of three Croatian infectious bursal disease field viruses

In order to determine the mutations responsible for virulence, three Croatian field infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDV), designated Cro-Ig/02, Cro-Po/00, and Cro-Pa/98 were characterized. Coding regions of both genomic segments were sequenced, and the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were compared with previously reported full-length sequenced IBDV strains. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of polyprotein and VP1, was performed. Eight characteristic amino acid residues, that were common to very virulent (vv) IBDV, were detected on polyprotein: 222A, 256I, 294I, 451L, 685N, 715S, 751D, and 1005A. All eight were found in Cro-Ig/02 and Cro-Po/00. C-Pa/98 had all the characteristics of an attenuated strain, except for glutamine on residue 253, which is common for vv, classical virulent, and variant strains. Between less virulent and vvIBDV, three substitutions were found on VP5: 49 G --> R, 79 --> F, and 137 R --> W. In VP1, there were nine characteristic amino acid residues common to vvwIBDV: 146D, 147N, 242E, 390M, 393D, 511S, 562P, 687P, and 695R. All nine residues were found in A-Ig/02, and eight were found in B-Po/00, which had isoleucine on residue 390. Based on our analyses, isolates Cro-Ig/02 and Cro-Po/00 were classified with vv IBDV strains. C-Pa/98 shared all characteristic amino acid residues with attenuated and classical virulence strains, so it was classified with those.     

Suppression of protein expression of three avian reovirus S-class genome segments by RNA interference

RNA interference was used to suppress protein expression of three S-class genome segments of avian reovirus (ARV). Viral progeny titer was successfully down-regulated by RNA interference. Suppression of S1 genome segment, which has three open reading frames, not only decreased the expression level of the structural protein σC but also reduced cell fusion and the level of Ser¹⁵-phosphorylated p53 protein caused by the nonstructural proteins p10 and p17, respectively. Suppression of S2 or S4 genome segment by RNA interference could also reduce the expression level of σA or σNS. Interestingly, suppression of σNS resulted in down regulation of the expression of other viral products. In terms of variability of different genes among viral strains and of the impact after their suppression, it seems that the viral products involved in construction of viroplasm or core particles, like σNS, are considerable choices to efficiently inhibit ARV multiplication by RNA interference. Using a GFP reporter system, it was discovered that ARV could not inhibit activated RNA interference, suggesting that RNA interference may be used in the suppression of ARV infection.     

规模化养鸭场鸭源大肠杆菌分离株的致病性及系统发育分析

为研究鸭源大肠杆菌(E.coli)的致病性,明确鸭病原性E.coli与人和其他动物E.coli的亲缘关系及O血清型与菌种间遗传关系的相关性,本研究从我国西南地区规模化养鸭场患典型E.coli败血症的雏鸭体内分离37个血清型共82个E.coli分离株(其中优势血清型32株,其他血清型50株),以每株0.2 mL (109 cfu/mL)腿部肌肉接种7日龄健康鸭进行致病性试验;并对其中14个鸭源E.coli代表株进行16S rRNA基因克隆、测序及系统发育分析.结果表明:所有分离株全部为致病性E.coli,其中高致病株、中等致病株和低致病株分别占受试菌株的80.5％(66/82)、17.1％ (14/82)和2.4％(2/82),4个优势血清型全部为高致病株和中等致病株,分别占受试菌株的84.4％(27/32)和15.6％(5/32);14个代表株鸭源E.coli的16S rRNA形成2个主要分支,3株新发现的血清型单独形成一个较远的分支,11株常见血清型与人及其他动物源E.coli形成另一个大的分支,其中有6株与人的O157亲缘关系较近,2株与出血性E.coli O157:H7 sakai聚为一个小分支;从遗传进化的关系分析,这些菌株有可能是人类的潜在病原菌;同时还发现不同血清型的分离株可以聚为一支,而同一血清型的分离株可以处于不同的分支,常规的O血清学分型不能体现菌种间遗传关系的远近.     

鸭白细胞介素2全基因组结构分析

依据鸡白细胞介素2（chIL-2）全基因组序列设计引物探针,以简易基因组抽提法获得的鸭外周血单核细胞基因组DNA为模板,用长距离聚合酶链式反应（LD-PCR）扩增出鸭白细胞介素2（duIL-2）全基因片段。经序列测定,得到的duIL-2基因组DNA序列全长为3528bp。运用生物信息学方法对duIL-2的基因、启动子结构和cDNA序列编码的成熟蛋白进行系统分析,结果表明,duIL-2基因具有典型的4个外显子和3个内含子结构,和已知禽类及哺乳类同系物基因总体结构具有明显的相似性。鸭和鸡及其他哺乳动物IL-2基因的启动子序列具有显著的保守性,都具有AP-1、NF-AT、CD28RE、OCT、TATAbox转录起始因子结合位点和预测的转录起始位点。duIL-2cDNA序列编码的成熟蛋白进化分析表明,鸭和鹅的亲缘关系最近,和哺乳动物的亲缘关系较远,显示出明显的种属差异。     

Characterization of the sigmaB-encoding genes of muscovy duck reovirus: sigmaC-sigmaB-ELISA for antibodies against duck reovirus in ducks

The sigmaB/sigmaC-encoding genes of muscovy duck reovirus (DRV) S12 strain were cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The sigmaC-encoding gene of DRV showed only 21-22% identity to that of avian reovirus (ARV) at both nucleotide and amino acid level. The sigmaB-encoding gene of DRV comprised 1163bp with one open reading frame (ORF). The ORF comprised 1104bp and encoded 367 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 40.44 kDa. A zinc-binding motif and a basic amino acid motif were found within the predicted amino acid sequence of sigmaB. The identities between the S12 and ARV were 59.3-64.0% and 60.9-62.5%, respectively, at the nucleotide and deduced amino acid levels. Phylogenetic analysis of the sigmaB-encoding gene sequence indicated that S12 separated as a distinct virus relative to other avian strains. The expressed sigmaB/sigmaC fusion proteins in E. coli could be detected, approximately 45 and 50kDa, respectively, by duck anti-reovirus polyclonal serum. In addition, an ELISA (sigmaB-sigmaC-ELISA) using the expressed sigmaB-sigmaC proteins as coating antigen for detection of antibodies to DRV in ducks was developed. In comparison with the virus neutralization test and agar gel immuno-diffusion test (AGID), the sigmaB-sigmaC-ELISA showed perfect specificity and sensitivity. The sigmaB-sigmaC-ELISA did not react with the antisera to other duck pathogens, implying that these two proteins were specific in recognition of DRV antibodies. Taken together, the results demonstrated that sigmaB-sigmaC-ELISA was a sensitive and accurate method for detecting antibodies to DRV.     

鸭圆环病毒PT07基因组序列测定与分析

本研究采用PCR方法从临床健康的番鸭法氏囊组织中分段扩增获得鸭圆环病毒(DuCV)PT07全长基因组,将扩增片段分别克隆,获得重组质粒,测序结果表明,DuCV基因组全长为1988nt。经基因组结构分析发现,DuCVPT07的基因组有3个开放阅读框(ORF),其中V1/rep和C1/cap是2个主要的ORF,分别编码Rep蛋白和Cap蛋白;在V1/rep和C1/cap的5'起始端之间存在与启动滚环复制有关的1个茎环结构和1个正向重复序列。遗传进化分析发现,DuCV可分为2个群,PT07与TC1/2002～TC4/2002和FJ0604同处一个进化分支,而与Ger、33753-52和MH25关系较远。     

新型鸭呼肠孤病毒S组基因克隆及序列分析

采用RT-PCR方法对NDRV-QY分离株的S组基因编码区进行RT-PCR扩增、克隆及序列测定。结果表明,QY株S组基因包含的ORF大小分别为1 517 bp、1 251 bp、1 104 bp和1 104 bp。将QY株的S组基因各节段编码区核苷酸序列及其推导氨基酸序列与正呼肠孤病毒属的呼肠孤病毒的相似性比较和遗传进化分析结果表明,QY株与ARV、TRV、MDRV、NDRV均有不同程度的同源性,其中与NDRV的同源性最高,核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列同源性均达90%以上。QY株与NDRV、MDRV、ARV同在正呼肠孤病毒的第Ⅱ亚群,与NDRV处在同一个分支,与MDRV和ARV处在不同分支,建议将新型鸭呼肠孤病毒分类在正呼肠孤病毒属的第Ⅱ亚群当中。     

番鸭呼肠病毒的分离与RT-PCR鉴定

从发病番鸭中分离到1株病毒,用该病毒接种番鸭胚,至第2代可引起鸭胚死亡,胚体出血,部分鸭胚肝脾有少量白点。分离毒经用RT-PCR方法进行检测,可与番鸭呼肠病毒标准株扩增出大小一致的特异条带,证实该分离毒为番鸭呼肠病毒。     

鸭源呼肠孤病毒对雏鸭致病性研究

30只10日龄樱桃谷肉鸭随机平均分为试验组和对照组,试验组静脉接种分离的鸭源呼肠孤病毒(DRV)SDWF株,每只0.2mL(ELD50=10-2.36/0.2mL),对照组每只静脉接种0.2mL生理盐水。于感染后3、6、9、12、15d每组随机抽取3只采血,利用流式细胞术分析外周血CD4+/CD8+比值变化,并测定血清中IL-6及INF-γ含量以及免疫器官指数,同时观察试验组鸭临床症状、剖检变化及病理组织学变化。结果显示,攻毒后3d,试验组雏鸭表现精神沉郁,食欲不振,生长发育缓慢,体质量下降。剖检变化表现为脾脏出血、肿大、坏死,肝脏坏死。病理组织学变化表现为脾脏、法氏囊淋巴细胞流失严重,网状纤维显现;脾脏坏死,形成肉芽肿,血管动脉管壁疏松、增厚。攻毒后3d,外周血CD4+/CD8+比值升高,随后于攻毒后6、9d开始迅速下降,显著低于对照组(P0.05),后期虽有所回升,但是CD4+/CD8+比值仍然低于对照组;血清中IL-6及IFN-γ含量变化规律与外周血CD4+/CD8+比值变化规律相似,在攻毒后9d均显著低于对照组(P0.05);胸腺、法氏囊指数均在攻毒后6d显著低于对照组(P0.05),脾脏指数在整个试验观察期间高于对照组。结果表明,脾脏、法氏囊是雏鸭感染DRV的主要靶器官,免疫器官淋巴细胞流失严重,T细胞数量减少,IL-6、IFN-γ分泌量降低,从而导致机体免疫抑制。     

番鸭呼肠病毒病的病原学研究进展

番鸭呼肠病毒病是由番鸭呼肠病毒引起的一种急性传染病,主要发生于40日龄内的番鸭,临床上以软脚为主要症状,并伴有腹泻,发病率高,病情严重时可致全群死亡,给番鸭养殖业带来了巨大的损失。其病原为呼肠病毒科正呼肠病毒属番鸭呼肠病毒。文章综合了国内外对该病的病原学研究成果,从病毒的分类地位、生物学特性、基因组与编码蛋白、病原分布及流行特性、检测与防控等方面对该病的病原学进行了较全面的论述,以期对该病的深入研究和防控提供有用的资料。     

固始鸭白细胞介素-18全基因克隆与分子进化分析

根据GenBank发表的鸭IL-18cDNA基因序列设计、合成一对引物,应用RT-PCR技术,无需用非特异性免疫原如PHA等刺激脾淋巴细胞,直接提取脾淋巴细胞总RNA,扩增固始鸭IL-18基因,并克隆、测序。测序结果表明固始鸭IL-18基因全序列为610bp,包含1个完整阅读框,编码1条由200个氨基酸残基组成的多肽。序列分析发现,固始鸭IL-18基因与GenBank中两条鸭IL-18基因(AF336122和DQ490137)核苷酸同源性分别为98.8%、99.8%,与AF336122有5个碱基发生非同义变异,2个碱基为同义变异,氨基酸同源性为97.5%,与DQ490137有一个碱基发生非同义变异,氨基酸同源性为99.5%。固始鸭IL-18前体蛋白第30位谷氨酸处有一个IL-1β转换酶的caspase-1切割位点及在人和其他动物中已证实的IL-1标签序列,推测鸭IL-18成熟蛋白由170个氨基酸组成。固始鸭与人和其他动物的IL-18基因进化分析表明,IL-18基因存在着种的多样性,且亲缘关系越近,同源性越高。     

鸭呼肠孤病毒TaqMan与SYBR Green荧光定量检测方法的建立及比较

本研究旨在针对新型鸭呼肠孤病毒(NDRV)建立两种快速、敏感、特异的荧光定量PCR诊断方法并对其临床实用性进行比较。试验根据呼肠孤病毒S1基因序列设计合成1对特异性引物和1条MGB探针,分别建立TaqMan和SYBR GreenⅠ两种荧光定量PCR检测方法,并对两种方法的特异性、灵敏性、重复性进行比较。结果显示,两种检测方法标准曲线的相关系数均为0.999,对鸭细小病毒(DPV)、A型鸭甲肝病毒(DHV-1)、C型鸭甲肝病毒(DHV-3)、鸭传染性支气管炎(IBV)、鸭坦布苏病毒(DTMUV)、鹅星状病毒(JSHV)的检测结果均为阴性,特异性良好。SYBR GreenⅠ法的最低检测限度为10⁰拷贝/μL,TaqMan法的最低检测限度为10¹拷贝/μL,前者的灵敏度比后者高10倍。SYBR GreenⅠ法和TaqMan法重复性试验的组内和组间变异系数均分别小于2.1%和1.8%。利用这两种方法对临床30份疑似病料进行检测,其中TaqMan法检出29份,SYBR GreenⅠ法检出30份,符合率为97%。综上,两种荧光定量方法均可用于临床NDRV...     

鸭源呼肠孤病毒Sigma A蛋白的原核表达及免疫活性检测

为制备新型鸭源呼肠孤病毒(DRV) THIl株Sigma A蛋白的多克隆抗体,本研究采用RT-PCR方法扩增DRV TH11株Sigma A的编码基因,将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a(+)中,在大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)中进行诱导表达.采用SDS-PAGE和western blot对表达产物进行鉴定.结果表明,Sigma A基因不仅可以在大肠杆菌中高水平表达,表达产物的分子量约66 ku,而且表达产物能够被特异性DRV多克隆抗体识别,证明表达的Sigma A蛋白具有良好的免疫活性.以纯化的Sigma A蛋白免疫实验兔制备抗Sigma A蛋白的多克隆抗体,间接ELISA检测结果显示其效价达1:20000以上.间接免疫荧光试验表明,多克隆抗体能够特异性识别DRV的Sigma A蛋白,表明Sigma A蛋白具有良好的免疫原性.本研究为进一步研究Sigma A蛋白的功能,以及建立DRV检测方法奠定了基础.     

番鸭呼肠孤病毒p10.8蛋白致细胞凋亡功能

为确定番鸭呼肠孤病毒(DRV)p10.8蛋白的生物学功能,本研究采用RT-PCR方法扩增DRV S14株p10.8编码基因,将其克隆到真核表达载体中,构建了重组表达质粒pcDNA-p10.8;通过转染鸭胚成纤维细胞(DEF),首次对p10.8蛋白的凋亡功能进行了研究.细胞转染48 h后,Hoechest、DNA Ladder和TUNEL法的细胞凋亡检测结果显示:光镜下可见细胞形态学上出现的细胞皱缩,Hoecheg染色后可见细胞核固缩,染色质凝固成团块状;DNA Ladder法可检测到凋亡细胞DNA样品呈梯形条带;TUNEL法可观察到褐色调亡细胞的存在.以上结果均表明,p10.8在DEF中的表达具有诱导宿主细胞凋亡的作用,是番DRV的凋亡蛋白.     

新型鸭肝炎病毒分离株JFX08全基因组测定与分析

对我国鸭病毒性肝炎病毒(Duck hepatitis virus,DHV)分离株JFX08的全基因组进行了序列测定与分析。结果表明,JFX08毒株的基因组全长为7793nt,包括652nt的5’UTR,6753nt的ORF,366nt的3’UTR以及19nt的poly(A)尾巴。JFX08毒株的ORF编码2251个氨基酸,各基因均与韩国新型毒株的氨基酸序列相似性最高,与1型DHV和台湾新型DHV的序列相似性均较低。其中VP1较1型DHV存在2个氨基酸的插入和较多氨基酸位点的突变,高变区主要集中在180～194位和213～219位。JFX08毒株的非编码区核苷酸序列之间存在大量碱基突变和插入/缺失。多聚蛋白、VP0、VP3、VP1、2C和3D基因进化分析结果均表明,JFX08分离株与韩国新型DHV的遗传距离最近,属基因C型。