广东新型鸭呼肠孤病毒σB蛋白基因克隆及序列分析

为研究广东新型呼肠孤病毒（NDRV）的基因变异及遗传演化情况,本试验从广东不同鸭场病死鸭肝脏、脾脏等组织脏器中分离到8株流行毒株,用RT-PCR方法进行σB蛋白基因扩增、克隆与序列分析,并与其他毒株σB蛋白的氨基酸特性、蛋白抗原和蛋白基因进行系统进化比对分析。结果表明,广东省鸭群中感染的NDRV与国内其他地区报道的DRV核苷酸序列同源性很高,达96.6%~99.5%,而与禽呼肠孤病毒（ARV）和番鸭呼肠孤病毒（MDRV）的同源性则较低,分别为64.6%~66.5%和66.2%~67.1%;8株NDRV之间的核苷酸序列同源性高达97.7%~99.7%。与其他毒株比较结果显示,本试验分离的NDRV毒株磷酸化位点均比参考毒株ARV和MDRV少,且大多数区域的抗原指数都较高,抗原性与MDRV较为接近,遗传进化分析结果表明,NDRV和国内其他DRV处于独立的进化分支,ARV和MDRV则处于不同分支。结果表明,广东省流行的NDRV毒株σB蛋白基因序列高度保守,且广东地区分离的NDRV与国内其他地区分离的DRV没有明显的地域差异。     

新型鸭呼肠孤病毒QY株σB蛋白基因特征、二级结构预测及其细胞抗原表位分析

本研究旨在对新型鸭呼肠孤病毒（NDRV）QY株σB蛋白的遗传变异规律和结构及功能进行分析。从GenBank数据库中获取QY株和25株参考株的σB蛋白编码序列,通过Mega 6.0软件进行序列比对分析和系统进化树构建;使用Datamonkey软件进行选择压力分析;运用生物信息学软件预测QY株σB蛋白二级结构功能及B细胞和T细胞抗原表位。相似性分析结果显示,NDRV QY株与国内其他地区分离的鸭呼肠孤病毒（DRV）氨基酸相似性达到94.9%~98.9%,与禽呼肠孤病毒（ARV）及番鸭呼肠孤病毒（MDRV）的相似性仅为66.5%~68.4%和67.6%~68.4%;选择压力分析显示,σB蛋白承受净化选择压力,但存在一个正向选择位点;σB蛋白属于亲水蛋白,不具有信号肽和跨膜区,含有潜在的O-糖基化位点;结构预测分析显示,σB蛋白具有α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角及无规则卷曲等丰富的二级结构;表位分析显示,σB蛋白含有潜在的B细胞和T细胞抗原表位。本研究成功进行了QY株σB蛋白的基因特征和结构功能预测及其细胞表位分析,为深入了解该蛋白的免疫学特性及研发NDRV新型疫苗奠定了基础。     

禽呼肠孤病毒μNS非结构蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank中禽呼肠孤病毒(ARV)M3基因序列,设计并合成了一对跨越μNS非结构蛋白基因完整开放阅读框(ORF)的特异性引物,对ARV的10个毒株进行RT-PCR扩增、克隆及序列测定。结果表明,10个毒株μNS蛋白基因ORF的核苷酸序列全长均为1908 bp,编码635个氨基酸。这10个毒株之间的核苷酸及推导的氨基酸同源性分别都在98%以上。将它们与哺乳动物呼肠孤病毒(MRV)、番鸭呼肠孤病毒(DRV)等进行核苷酸及推导的氨基酸序列比较,并进行遗传系统树分析,结果表明ARV与MRV有较大的差异,与DRV差异较小。     

3种禽类呼肠孤病毒血清学相关性及致细胞病变差异分析

本研究旨在研究3种不同疾病型禽类呼肠孤病毒间的抗原性关系及病毒的培养特性。作者通过血清中和试验测定了禽呼肠孤病毒(ARV S1133株)、番鸭呼肠孤病毒(MDRV 9710株)、新型鸭呼肠孤病毒(NDRV NP01株)3种禽类呼肠孤病毒的血清学相关性,统计抗原相关性R值;并应用部分禽胚原代细胞及哺乳动物传代细胞对这3种病毒的培养特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,3种病毒株之间的R值很小,抗原相关性较低;三者具有广泛的细胞亲嗜性,能在多种细胞中增殖,并产生细胞病变,但病毒致细胞病变特征有所差异,ARV和NDRV均以巨融合为主,而MDRV则以细胞圆缩坏死为主。上述结果表明导致禽类不同疾病的ARV、MDRV和NDRV三者之间的抗原相关性较低,病毒的细胞培养特性也不同,细胞病变类型的差别提供了一种初步鉴别禽类呼肠孤病毒的方法。     

Genomic characteristics of a novel reovirus from Muscovy duckling in China

A new reovirus was isolated from a sick Muscovy duckling with hemorrhagic-necrotic lesions in the liver in Zhejiang, China in 2000 and was tentatively denoted a new type of Muscovy duck reovirus (N-MDRV ZJ00M). This reovirus was propagated in a chicken fibroblast cell line (DF-1) with obvious cytopathic effects. The reovirus's genome was 23,419 bp in length with an approximately 50% G+C content and 10 dsRNA segments encoding 12 proteins. The length of the genomic segments was similar to those of avian reoviruses (ARVs), which range from 3959 nt (L1) to 1191 nt (S4) in size. All of the segments have the conserved terminal sequences 5′-GCUUUUU…UUCAUC-3′, and all of the genome segments, with the exception of S1, apparently encoded one single primary translation product. The genome analysis revealed that the S1 segment of N-MDRV is a tricistronic gene that encodes the overlapping ORFs for p10, p18, and σC. This finding is similar to that found for ARVs but distinct from that found for classical MDRV and GRV, which have a bicistronic S4 segment that encodes p10 and σC and do not encode p18. The amino acid (aa) alignments of the putative proteins encoded by the main ORF in each segment revealed a high similarity (14.1–100%) to the counterpart proteins encoded by other ARV species from the avian orthoreoviruses (e.g., ARV, classical MDRV and N-MDRV) in the Orthoreovirus genus, particularly with N-MDRV (94.6–100%). The phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of all 10 genome segments revealed that N-MDRV ZJ00M is distinct from all other described reovirus species groups but is a separated from the ARV (including MDRV and GRV) species within orthoreovirus species group II and grouped into the classical MDRV and GRV genogroup with the N-MDRV isolates. The MDRV genogroup can be further divided into two genotype clusters. The morphological and pathological analyses and the genetic characterization of N-MDRV ZJ00M suggest that it belongs to genotype 2 (N-MDRV). In addition, the RT-PCR assays of DRV diseased duckling and gosling samples collected from different regions of China during 2000–2013 indicate that N-MDRV is currently the prevalent genotype in China.     

应用RT-PCR技术检测番鸭呼肠孤病毒

参考 Gen Bank中番鸭呼肠孤病毒 (m uscovy duck reovirus,MDRV ) S1基因序列 ,用计算机设计并合成了 1对引物 HP11、HP12 ,以此引物用 RT- PCR对番鸭呼肠孤病毒 S1基因进行了特异性扩增。结果表明 :引物 HP11、HP12能从所有供试的 4株分离毒 MDRV- MW9710、MW980 6、MW980 9、MW9810扩增出 30 0 bp S1基因 c DNA片段 ,而不能从禽呼肠孤病毒 (ARV) S1133株和番鸭胚成纤维 (MDEF)细胞培养物中扩增出任何片段 ;该 RT- PCR的检测灵敏度为 1pg的病毒核酸 ,特异性强 ,重复性好 ,对含毒细胞培养液和尿囊液只需用氯仿进行简单处理 ,即能检测出 MDRV核酸。因此认为 ,该 RT- PCR可以用于番鸭呼肠孤病毒的快速检测     

新型鸭呼肠孤病毒QY株S3基因克隆与序列分析

参考GenBank新型鸭呼肠孤病毒（New-type duck reovirus,NDRV）S3基因序列设计合成一对引物,对新型鸭呼肠孤病毒QY株S3基因进行RT-PCR扩增,并对PCR产物进行了克隆和测序.结果显示扩增产物为1 104 bp,与预期的目的片段大小一致.相似性分析QY株S3基因核苷酸序列与ARV代表株、MDRV代表株和DRV代表株,相似性分别59.4％ ～ 60.0％、61.1％～ 61.3％和96.7％～ 98.6％;氨基酸的相似性分别为67.6％～ 68.7％、68.1％～68.9％和95.4％～ 98.4％.表明QY株的S3基因具有不同于ARV和MDRV的特征,分离病毒QY株是不同于禽呼肠孤病毒和番鸭呼肠孤病毒的独立基因群.     

禽呼肠病毒P10、P17非结构蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank上的禽呼肠病毒(ARV)S1基因序列,设计并合成了一对跨越P10和P17非结构蛋白基因的特异性引物,对13个ARV毒株进行RT-PCR扩增、克隆及序列测定。结果显示,13个ARV毒株的P10蛋白基因ORF全长均为297bp,编码98个氨基酸;P17蛋白基因ORF全长为441bp,编码146个氨基酸。这13个ARV毒株P10、P17蛋白基因核苷酸同源性分别在96.6%~100%和95.2%~99.3%之间,推导的氨基酸同源性分别在98.2%~100%和91.9%~99.0%之间。将这13个ARV毒株与GenBank上其他正呼肠病毒毒株,包括番鸭株(DRV)和飞狐上分离到的内尔森海湾病毒(NelsonBayvirus,NBV)及两个澳洲分离株(ARM-1和SOM-4)进行同源性比较和遗传进化树分析,结果表明,呼肠病毒有地域和种类的差别。     

番鸭呼肠孤病毒MW9710株S1基因片段的克隆及序列分析

参考GenBank番鸭呼肠孤病毒(muscovy duck reovirus,MDRV)S1基因序列设计合成一对引物,对番鸭呼肠孤病毒MW9710株S1基因进行RT-PCR扩增,并对PCR产物进行了克隆和测序.结果显示扩增产物为300bp,与预期的目的片段大小一致,经PCR、酶切反应鉴定后克隆到pGEM-Teasy载体中,核苷酸序列经BLAST软件分析表明:番鸭呼肠孤病毒MW9170株S1基因的目的片段与番鸭呼肠孤病毒法国89026株同源性为91.7%,与鸡关节炎病毒S2基因同源性为68.7%,结果提示番鸭呼肠孤病毒MW9710株与鸡关节炎病毒亲缘距离较远.     

Characterization of the sigmaB-encoding genes of muscovy duck reovirus: sigmaC-sigmaB-ELISA for antibodies against duck reovirus in ducks

The sigmaB/sigmaC-encoding genes of muscovy duck reovirus (DRV) S12 strain were cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The sigmaC-encoding gene of DRV showed only 21-22% identity to that of avian reovirus (ARV) at both nucleotide and amino acid level. The sigmaB-encoding gene of DRV comprised 1163bp with one open reading frame (ORF). The ORF comprised 1104bp and encoded 367 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 40.44 kDa. A zinc-binding motif and a basic amino acid motif were found within the predicted amino acid sequence of sigmaB. The identities between the S12 and ARV were 59.3-64.0% and 60.9-62.5%, respectively, at the nucleotide and deduced amino acid levels. Phylogenetic analysis of the sigmaB-encoding gene sequence indicated that S12 separated as a distinct virus relative to other avian strains. The expressed sigmaB/sigmaC fusion proteins in E. coli could be detected, approximately 45 and 50kDa, respectively, by duck anti-reovirus polyclonal serum. In addition, an ELISA (sigmaB-sigmaC-ELISA) using the expressed sigmaB-sigmaC proteins as coating antigen for detection of antibodies to DRV in ducks was developed. In comparison with the virus neutralization test and agar gel immuno-diffusion test (AGID), the sigmaB-sigmaC-ELISA showed perfect specificity and sensitivity. The sigmaB-sigmaC-ELISA did not react with the antisera to other duck pathogens, implying that these two proteins were specific in recognition of DRV antibodies. Taken together, the results demonstrated that sigmaB-sigmaC-ELISA was a sensitive and accurate method for detecting antibodies to DRV.     

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of P10- and P17-encoding genes of avian reovirus

Avian reovirus (ARV) causes viral arthritis, chronic respiratory diseases, and malabsorption syndrome. The P10 protein is a viroporin and induces cell fusion, whereas the biological function of P17 protein is completely unknown. In this study, the nucleotide sequences of the P10- and P17-encoding genes from 17 field isolates and vaccine strains of ARV isolated over a 23-year period from distinct geographic locations were analyzed to define phylogenetic profiles and to study sequence variability and genetic evolution. These genes displayed the signs of a high level of sequence divergence and have evolved into five distinct lineages, respectively. The P17-encoding gene showed higher sequence divergence than that of P10-encoding gene. Our results indicated that synonymous substitutions predominate over nonsynonymous substitutions in both genes. Comparison of P10 and P17 gene phylograms with those of S-class genes revealed distinct evolutionary patterns, indicating that P10 and P17 evolve in an independent manner. Comparative sequence analysis also showed extensive sequence divergence between ARV and other orthoreoviruses. The phylogenetic analysis of P10- and P17-encoding genes revealed that diversity within both genes is neither dependent of viral serotypes nor correlated with the disease states caused by avian reovirus.     

番鸭呼肠孤病毒套式RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根据GenBank上发表的鸭呼肠孤病毒基因组序列,利用生物学软件设计合成内外2对引物,建立了检测番鸭呼肠孤病毒(Muscovy duck reovirus,MDRV)的套式RT-PCR检测方法,并运用建立的检测方法对分离病毒与其他禽病病毒进行检测。结果显示,该方法能从MDRV中扩增到与预期大小相符的特异性目的片段,检测灵敏度达到0.1 pg病毒RNA,对禽呼肠孤病毒(avian reovirus,ARV)、鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV)、番鸭细小病毒(Muscovy duck parvovirus,MDPV)、鹅细小病毒(goose parvovirus,GPV)、鸭病毒性肝炎病毒(duck hepatitis virus,DHV)等病毒样品的扩增结果均为阴性。因此,本研究为番鸭呼肠孤病毒病的快速检测及诊断研究提供参考。     

新型鸭呼肠孤病毒RT-PCR检测方法建立与初步应用

为建立一种能够快速检测新型鸭呼肠孤病毒（NDRV）的方法,本研究参考GenBank上登录的NDRV S3基因保守序列设计特异性引物.经条件优化后,建立了检测NDRV的RT-PCR方法.对其特异性、敏感性和重复性进行检验.结果显示：该方法仅能从NDRV分离毒中扩增到与预期大小相符,长度为298 bp的特异性目的片段,检测灵敏度达到83.4 pg病毒RNA;而其它病毒：番鸭呼肠孤病毒、禽呼肠孤病毒、鸭病毒性肝炎病毒、鸭瘟病毒、鸭新城疫病毒和禽流感病毒等样品的扩增结果均为阴性.采用该方法对在广东不同地区采集的15份鸭病料样品进行检测,NDRV阳性率为53.33％.表明建立的RT-PCR方法特异性强、敏感度高,可用于NDRV的临床诊断和流行病学调查.     

一步法RT-PCR检测禽呼肠孤病毒的研究

根据已发表的禽呼肠孤病毒（ARV）S1133株S1基因序列，设计合成了一对扩增跨幅为532bp的引物。这对引物对ARV标准株，分离株以及人工感染SPF鸡跗关节组织抽提的核酸进行一步法RT-PCR扩增，即将反转录和PCR反应在一个PCR反应管中一次性完成。结果该方法对ARV4个标准株和5个分离株的扩增均获得了与预期大小一致的RT-PCR产物，而对照样品的扩增全为阴性；该方法最低可检测到0.16ng的ARV RNA，还可以直接从感染鸡关节组织抽提的核酸中检测到ARV RNA，表明该一步法RT-PCR对于ARV的检测是可行的。     

禽呼肠孤病毒RT—LAMP快速检测方法的建立

根据GenBank中登录的禽呼肠孤病毒（Aviem reovirus,ARV）S1基因序列设计了特异对应靶序列中的6个基因区段的4条引物,以此建立了一种快速、准确的ARV逆转录环介导等温扩增（RT—LAMP）检测方法,并对此方法的反应条件进行了优化。结果表明,该方法能够特异地扩增ARV,而对其他常见的禽类病毒均无扩增作用,特异性强、重复性好;检测ARV的灵敏度为4ELD50,是RT-PCR方法的10倍;在反应产物中添加SYBR GREEN Ⅰ染料后,可通过肉眼观察有无荧光直接判定结果。     

Detection and differentiation of avian reoviruses using SYBR-Green I-based two-step real-time reverse transcription PCR with melting curve analysis

A two-step SYBR-Green I-based real-time PCR with melting curve analysis was developed to detect and differentiate the avian reovirus (ARV) sigmaC gene in field and vaccine ARVs. Three primer sets were used to amplify the sigmaC gene from its 5', center, and 3' regions and analyze the melting point temperatures of nine ARVs. By combining the melting curves of the three ARV sigmaC gene regions, melting curve analysis could accurately distinguish the ARVs of different subtypes, and the results were consistent with phylogenetic analysis. The ARV sigmaC gene polymorphisms from different strains were also used to explain the differences in melting point temperatures. Compared with traditional subtyping methods, the current melting curve analysis provided an accurate test for separating ARVs, thereby making it a useful method for the improved selection of ARV vaccines.     

应用半套式聚合酶链反应检测禽呼肠孤病毒S1基因的研究

根据离呼肠孤病毒S1133毒株S1基因序列，设计合成XZ11、XZ12和XZ11、XZ33两对引物，用半套式PCR对6株禽呼肠孤病毒标准毒株的核酸进行了检测。结果6株ARV均可扩增出和预期大小相符392bp的PCR产物，而对其他6种禽病病原核酸的扩增结果均为阴性；该半套式PCR比RT-PCR更加敏感，这种方法可以检测出Ifg的ARV RNA模板。     

新型鸭呼肠孤病毒分离鉴定及其σC基因序列分析

【目的】 了解并掌握新型鸭呼肠孤病毒（Novel duck reovirus,NDRV）流行特点及生物学特性,为NDRV的防治提供理论基础和技术支持。【方法】 采集河北某鸭场疑似发生鸭呼肠孤病毒感染的组织,无菌处理后接种SPF鸡胚分离病毒,收获第3代尿囊液进行血凝试验,通过PCR、透射电镜观察、间接免疫荧光法（IFA）鉴定病毒,对分离得到的病毒进行体外细胞培养和动物回归试验,并采用Mega 7.0对其σC基因进行遗传进化分析。【结果】 分离得到的病毒不能凝集鸡红细胞,可致死鸡胚,死亡鸡胚出血、充血严重;经PCR鉴定,病毒呈NDRV阳性,其他病原（禽呼肠孤病毒、鸭病毒性肝炎、鸭坦布苏病毒、鸭瘟病毒、禽腺病毒血清4型）均呈阴性,将分离得到的病毒命名为BD/CHN/2020株;病毒纯化后,经电镜观察可见直径为60~80 nm、无囊膜的球形病毒粒子,该毒株可在BHK和LMH细胞上稳定增殖并产生细胞融合的细胞病变效应（CPE）;IFA结果显示,BD/CHN/2020株接种BHK细胞后在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察可见特异性绿色荧光;BD/CHN/2020株经皮下接种后,发病鸭出现精神沉郁、排白色稀粪等临床症状,剖检可见脾脏出血、肿大、有白色坏死灶等病理变化;序列比对发现,BD/CHN/2020株与NDRV毒株（TH11、091等毒株）在同一分支,与NDRV SY株核苷酸和氨基酸序列相似性最高,均为99.7%,属于NDRV。与灭活疫苗TH11株（KC493571.1）和弱毒疫苗JS01-105P株（V202168）相比,BD/CHN/2020株第93、120、132、158、253、298位氨基酸处发生了位点突变。【结论】 成功分离得到1株NDRV BD/CHN/2020株,分离毒株对北京鸭有较强的致病性,与国内疫苗株相比,BD/CHN/2020株的σC蛋白已经发生了氨基酸位点的突变,结果可为新型鸭呼肠孤病毒病的流行病学及疫苗研发奠定基础。     

小鹅瘟病毒单克隆抗体的制备及特性鉴定

为了建立快速、简便的番鸭小鹅瘟病诊断方法,用纯化的小鹅瘟病毒（Goose parpovirus,GPV-PT）免疫BABL/c鼠,取脾细胞和骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经间接ELISA和间接免疫荧光检检（indirect immunofluorescence assay,IFA）筛选,获得3株能稳定分泌抗GPV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株（分别命名为D11、7-7和E16）。三株单抗的免疫球蛋白亚类分别为IgM、IgG3和IgM,3株单抗均具有ELISA、IFA和中和特性;其中两株（D11和E16）具有致敏胶乳特性;特异性测定显示3株单抗仅与GPV反应,而与番鸭细小病毒（Duck parpovirus,MPV）、番鸭呼肠孤病毒（Muscovy duck reovirus,MDRV）、禽呼肠孤病毒（Avian reovirus,ARV）、鸭副粘病毒（Paramyxovirus,PMV）、鸭肝炎病毒（Duck hepatis virus,DHV）、正常细胞和胚液等均无交叉反应;在-20℃保存期为18个月。结果表明3株单抗均具有良好的特异性,为研制免疫学快速诊断奠定了基础。     

新型鸭呼肠孤病毒广东分离株σC蛋白基因序列分析

从广东湛江某肉鸭养殖场发生脚软、关节肿大为临床特征和脾脏肿大、肝脏有坏死灶为病变的樱桃谷鸭病料中分离到一株新型鸭呼肠孤病毒,命名为GD693。对新型鸭呼肠孤病毒GD693株σC蛋白基因进行 RT-PCR 扩增、克隆和测序,并与参考毒株σC蛋白基因序列进行比对分析。结果显示：GD693株与新型呼肠孤病毒（NDRV）代表毒株处于进化树的同一大分支,但却处于一个单独的分支,同属于基因2型,具有相近的遗传演化关系;与NDRV代表毒株091株、TH11 株的σC蛋白基因序列进行比较分析,存在核苷酸和氨基酸的序列改变,毒株有可能发生变异或毒力增强。