Light environment alters ozone uptake per net photosynthetic rate in black cherry trees

Foliar ozone uptake rates of different-sized black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) trees were compared within a deciduous forest and adjacent openings in north-central Pennsylvania during one growing season. Study trees included open-grown seedlings and saplings, forest understory seedlings and saplings, and sunlit and shaded portions of mature canopy tree crowns. Instantaneous ozone uptake rates were highest in high-light environments primarily because of higher stomatal conductances. Low ozone uptake rates of seedlings and saplings in the forest understory could be attributed partially to lower average ambient ozone concentrations compared to the canopy and open environments. Among the tree size and light combinations tested, ozone uptake rates were highest in open-grown seedlings and lowest in forest-grown seedlings. Despite lower ozone uptake rates of foliage in shaded environments, ozone uptake per net photosynthesis of foliage in shaded environments was significantly higher than that of foliage in sunlit environments because of weaker coupling between net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in shaded environments. The potential for greater ozone injury in shaded environments as a result of greater ozone uptake per net photosynthesis is consistent with previous reports of greater ozone injury in shaded foliage than in sunlit foliage.     

筇竹光合日变化特征研究

对筇竹春季、夏季和秋季的光合日变化特征进行了研究。结果表明:筇竹春季净光合速率日变化为单峰曲线,没有光合"午休"现象;夏季和秋季净光合速率日变化为双峰曲线,有明显的光合"午休"现象;筇竹光合"午休"现象的主要原因是非气孔因素所致;夏季的净光合速率最高,光合能力最强,是筇竹枝叶生长旺季。影响筇竹不同季节净光合速率的最稳定环境因子为光合有效辐射和大气温度。筇竹夏季和秋季蒸腾速率变化趋势均表现为双峰曲线,春季为单峰曲线;夏季和秋季均有蒸腾"午休"现象,春季则没有。光合有效辐射、大气温度和气孔导度是影响筇竹不同季节蒸腾速率的最稳定因子。     

Photosynthesis and carbon allocation of six boreal tree species grown in understory and open conditions

One-year-old seedlings of Abies balsamea (L.) Mill, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Pinus contorta Loudon, Betula papyrifera Marsh., Populus tremuloides Michx. and Populus balsamifera L. were transplanted in the spring, in pots, to the understory of a mixed P. tremuloides-P. balsamifera stand or to an adjacent open site. Growth and leaf characteristics were measured and photosynthetic light response curves determined in mid-August. Overall, the coniferous seedlings showed less photosynthetic plasticity in response to growth conditions than the deciduous species. Abies balsamea, P. glauca and B. papyrifera responded to the understory environment with higher leaf area ratios, and lower photosynthetic light saturation points and area-based leaf respiration relative to values for open-grown seedlings, while they matched or exceeded the height growth of open-grown seedlings. In contrast, seedlings of Pinus contorta, P. tremuloides and P. balsamifera displayed characteristics that were not conducive to survival in the understory. These characteristics included a high light saturation point and leaf dark respiration rate in P. contorta, and lower leaf area variables combined with higher carbon allocation to roots in P. tremuloides and P. balsamifera. By the second growing season, all seedlings of P. tremuloides and P. balsamifera growing in the understory had died.     

辽西地区引种野杏的光合生理生态特性研究

利用LI-6400光合仪测定引种野杏家系苗木在辽西地区6、7、9月的光合生理参数,研究各参数的日变化和季节变化规律,以了解引种野杏的适应能力,为辽西地区品种选育和栽培利用提供理论基础。结果表明:野杏家系净光合速率(Pn)在夏季具有明显的"光合午休"现象,夏、秋季的日均Pn达10.0μmol·m-2·s-1,春季6.9μmol·m-2·s-1;蒸腾速率夏季(6.39 mmol·m-2·s-1)秋季(4.84 mmol·m-2·s-1)春季(2.33 mmol·m-2·s-1);水分利用效率春、秋高,夏季低;光能利用效率春季高、夏秋季较低;不同季节的生态因子影响野杏苗木的光合生理特性。引种野杏优良品种的选育要注重其对当地环境的适应能力,在了解其光合生理特性的基础上做出最佳选种策略。     

Stomatal and mesophyll limitations of photosynthesis in black spruce seedlings during multiple cycles of drought

Container-grown black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) seedlings were planted in trays containing a sand and peat mixture, and placed in a climate-controlled greenhouse. One group of seedlings was kept well-watered, and another group was subjected to three cycles of drought. Gas exchange analysis showed that mesophyll photosynthetic function was largely unimpaired by drought. In contrast, stomatal conductance was sensitive to drought, although it became less sensitive with each drought cycle. Both stomatal and mesophyll conductances increased with time in control and drought-stressed seedlings, but mesophyll conductance increased with time more rapidly than did stomatal conductance. Limitation of photosynthetic rate was dominated by the mesophyll. In control seedlings, relative stomatal limitation increased from 6 to 16% by the end of the experiment. In drought-stressed seedlings, relative stomatal limitation of photosynthesis reached 40% during the first drought, but decreased to near control values immediately after rewatering. Because the third, most severe drought had only a minor effect on stomatal conductance, relative stomatal limitation of photosynthesis was similar to that in control seedlings by the end of the experiment. Inhibition of ontogenetic change during drought stress may be responsible for the apparent acclimation of mesophyll photosynthetic processes. We conclude that it would be more effective to select for high photosynthetic capacity than for reduced stomatal sensitivity when breeding for increased drought resistance in black spruce seedlings.     

紫花含笑和苦梓含笑光合生理特性的研究

采用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统（Li—Cor Inc．,USA）对常绿灌木紫花含笑和常绿乔木苦梓含笑的光合生理特性进行了测定。结果表明：（1）两种含笑叶片的光响应曲线符合非直角双曲线模型,表观光量子效率接近,但灌木紫花含笑的光饱和点、光补偿点、最大净光合速率、暗呼吸速率均比乔木苦梓含笑低。（2）光照强度对两种含笑的气孔行为、蒸腾速率和水分利用率的影响效果近似,光照强度诱导气孔导度变大,蒸腾速率加强。当达到光饱和后,随着光强的增强,净光合速率增加缓慢,气孔导度和蒸腾速率持续增大,水分利用率下降。     

Light availability and photosynthesis of Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings grown in the open and in the forest understory

The light environment, photosynthetic dynamics and steady-state net photosynthetic rates of lateral branch shoots of Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco seedlings growing in the open and in the forest understory were investigated in situ. Mean incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was 702.5 micro mol m(-2) s(-1) on open-grown branches and 52.0 micro mol m(-2) s(-1) on understory-grown branches. Mean daily durations of PPFD greater than 500, 200, and 50 micro mol m(-2) s(-1) were 8.5, 31.5, and 270.3 min, respectively, on understory-grown branches, and 559.1, 700.7, and 803.3 min, respectively, on open-grown branches. Sunflecks accounted for 32.4% of total daily photosynthetically active radiation incident on understory branches. Following 10 min at a PPFD of 50 micro mol m(-2) s(-1), the induction time required for net photosysnthesis to reach 50 and 90% of steady-state rates was shorter at a PPFD of 200 than at a PPFD of 500 micro mol m(-2) s(-1) and shorter in understory-grown branches than in open-grown branches. On a leaf area basis, dark respiration rates of understory-grown branches were lower and net photosynthetic rates were higher than those of open-grown branches exposed to low PPFD. However, at high PPFDs, understory-grown branches had lower photosynthetic rates than open-grown branches. When measurements were expressed on a leaf dry mass basis, there was no difference in dark respiration rates between understory branches and open-grown branches, but net photosynthetic rates of understory branches were equal to or higher than those of open-grown branches at all PPFDs.     

Changes in photosynthesis and water status of developing leaves of Brachystegia spiciformis Benth

Changes in net carbon assimilation and water status were studied during leaf development in the deciduous, tropical species Brachystegia spiciformis Benth. In this upland savanna African tree, bud-burst and leaf development occur approximately two months before the rainy season. The newly formed leaves synthesize anthocyanin until the fully expanded leaves of the whole canopy are red. This foliage is referred to as "spring flush" foliage. Subsequently, the anthocyanins are metabolized and the pre-rain leaves become green. Carbon dioxide assimilation exhibited a bimodal diurnal pattern and was similar for pre-rain green leaves and fully expanded flushing leaves, although pre-rain green leaves showed a net uptake of carbon throughout the daylight period, whereas flushing leaves exhibited only brief periods of net photosynthesis in the morning and early afternoon. Measurements of leaf water potential and relative water content showed a diurnal pattern with considerable variation throughout the day. Leaf water potential and relative water content values decreased soon after sunrise reaching a minimum at a time corresponding to the afternoon peak in CO(2) assimilation. Stomatal conductance was closely related to transpiration rate in both flushing and pre-rain green leaves, although flushing leaves had lower stomatal conductances than pre-rain green leaves. Pre-rain green leaves exhibited a compensation irradiance of approximately 180 micro mol m(-2) s(-1), whereas flushing leaves had positive net photosynthesis only at PPFDs greater than 300 micro mol m(-2) s(-1). Rate of photosynthesis (expressed per leaf area or chlorophyll unit) increased as anthocyanin concentration decreased, although the photosynthetic rate continued to increase long after the leaf anthocyanins had been degraded to low, visually undetectable amounts. Post-rain green leaves had chlorophyll concentrations, transpiration rates and stomatal conductances similar to those of pre-rain green leaves; however, photosynthetic rates in post-rain leaves were more than three times higher. Thus, during the early stages of the spring flush, carbon asimilation rates of the flushing leaves were inversely related to leaf anthocyanin concentrations. In pre-rain green leaves, photosynthesis was limited by other non-stomatal factors.     

Crown architecture of understory and open-grown white pine (Pinus strobus L.) saplings

Crown architecture and growth allocation were studied in saplings of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), a species classified as intermediate in shade tolerance. A comparison was made of 15 understory saplings and 15 open-grown saplings that were selected to have comparable heights (mean of 211 cm, range of 180-250 cm). Mean ages of understory and open-grown trees were 25 and 8 years, respectively. Understory trees had a lower degree of apical control, shorter crown length, and more horizontal branch angle, resulting in a broader crown shape than that of open-grown trees. Total leaf area was greater in open-grown saplings than in understory saplings, but the ratio of whole-crown silhouette (projected) leaf area to total leaf area was significantly greater in understory pine (0.154) than in open-grown pine (0.128), indicating that the crown and shoot structure of understory trees exposed a greater percentage of leaf area to direct overhead light. Current-year production of understory white pine was significantly less than that of open-grown white pine, but a higher percentage of current-year production was allocated to foliage in shoots of understory saplings. These modifications in crown structure and allocation between open-grown and understory white pine saplings are similar to those reported for more shade-tolerant fir (Abies) and spruce (Picea) species, but the modifications were generally smaller in white pine. As a result, white pine did not develop the flat-topped "umbrella" crown structure observed in understory fir and spruce, which approaches the idealized monolayer form that maximizes light interception. The overall change to a broader crown shape in understory white pine was qualitatively similar, but much more limited than the changes that occurred in fir and spruce. This may prevent white pine from persisting in understory shade as long as fir and spruce saplings.     

Ontogenetic changes in stomatal and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis of two co-occurring Mediterranean oaks differing in leaf life span

A quantitative analysis was applied to the stomatal and biochemical limitations to light-saturated net photosynthesis under optimal field conditions in mature trees and seedlings of the co-occurring evergreen oak, Quercus ilex L., and the deciduous oak, Q. faginea Lam. Stomatal limitation to photosynthesis, maximal Rubisco activity and electron transport rate were determined from assimilation versus intercellular leaf carbon dioxide concentration response curves of leaves that were subsequently analyzed for nitrogen (N) concentration, mass per unit area, thickness and percent internal air space. In both species, seedlings had a lower leaf mass per unit area, thickness and leaf N concentration than mature trees. The root system of seedlings during their third year after planting was dominated by a taproot. A lower leaf N concentration of seedlings was associated with lower maximal Rubisco activity and electron transport rate and with assimilation rates similar to or lower than those of mature trees, despite the higher stomatal conductances and potential photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiencies of seedlings. Consequently, stomatal limitation to photosynthesis increased with tree age in both species. In both seedlings and mature trees, a lower assimilation rate in Q. ilex than in Q. faginea was associated with lower stomatal conductance, N allocation to photosynthetic functions, maximal Rubisco activity and electron transport rate, and potential photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency but greater leaf thickness and leaf mass per unit area. Tree-age-related changes differed quantitatively between species, and the characteristics of the two species were more similar in seedlings than in mature trees. Despite higher stomatal conductances, seedlings are more N limited than adult trees, which contributes to lower biochemical efficiency.     

烂皮病菌侵染对新疆杨光合特性及碳水代谢的影响

目的 研究烂皮病菌侵染对新疆杨叶片光合响应以及水分代谢特征的影响,探讨病菌侵染下杨树光合作用与水分代谢之间的相关性,为杨树烂皮病的发生及控制提供理论及实验依据。 方法 以1年生新疆杨为植物材料,采用枝干表皮微环割方法接种烂皮病菌,研究烂皮病菌侵染10～30天新疆杨的叶片气体交换、叶绿素荧光、根部非结构性碳水化合物以及叶片正午水势等指标,分析蒸腾速率、正午水势分别与气孔导度以及水汽压亏缺之间的关系。 结果 与环割对照相比,烂皮病菌侵染显著降低新疆杨叶片的净光合速率（62.45%～91.05%）、气孔导度（64.19%～87.43%）、光系统Ⅱ的最大光化学效率（19.13%～42.79%）、实际光化学效率（46.04%～69.93%）、电子传递速率（52.58%～68.03%）等参数;显著抑制新疆杨叶片最大净光合速率（76.94%）、光饱和点（40.40%）及表观量子效率（46.09%）,并显著升高暗呼吸速率（82.14%）及光补偿点（242.42%）。烂皮病菌侵染显著降低根部可溶性糖（35.06%～44.50%,20～30天）及淀粉含量（35.77%～58.39%,10～30天）。烂皮病菌侵染显著抑制叶片的蒸腾速率（57.36%～80.49%）、水分利用效率（24.92%～70.55%）以及升高水汽压亏缺（13.59%～33.65%）和叶片正午水势（39.74%,20天）。相关性分析结果表明蒸腾速率与气孔导度呈正相关,与水汽压亏缺呈负相关;叶片正午水势与气孔导度及水汽压亏缺均无线性关系,烂皮病菌侵染导致的气孔关闭与叶片水分状况无关。 结论 烂皮病菌侵染下新疆杨叶片净光合速率降低的主要原因是叶片光能转化、光合电子传递及光能利用受阻。烂皮病菌侵染并未造成新疆杨叶部水分胁迫,甚至有一定的改善作用;同时,影响寄主根系的碳积累,导致根部非结构性碳水化合物含量始终在胁迫初期时的水平。     

5种丛枝菌根真菌对君迁子幼苗光合生长的影响

为了探明丛枝菌根真菌对君迁子生长及光合作用的影响,以分别接种了细凹无梗囊酶(Acaulospora scrobiculata,简称AS)、聚丛根孢囊酶(Rhizophagus aggregatus,简称RA)、扭形多样孢囊酶(Diversispora trotuosa,简称DT)、根内根孢囊酶(Rhizophagus intraradices,简称RI)、摩西斗管囊酶(Funneliformis mosseae,简称FM)等5种丛枝菌根真菌和未接种菌根真菌的君迁子幼苗为试材,对6种处理下君迁子幼苗的生长情况和叶片的主要光合指标进行了观测,并用双曲线修正模型对所测数据进行拟合,得到光合响应曲线及各处理下君迁子幼苗各光合特征参数。结果表明:1菌根化的君迁子幼苗其株高、地径、叶片数、植株鲜质量等指标值均有明显的提高,与未接种的对照组相比,接种AS、RA、DT、RI、FM使君迁子的株高分别提高了48.22%、62.01%、14.34%、14.66%、29.01%;其地径分别提高了22.81%、46.84%、21.19%、17.23%、14.72%;其植株鲜质量分别提高了93.69%、103.93%、53.98%、68.52%、84.44%;其单株叶片数比对照组多2~5片。2菌根化的君迁子幼苗其净光合速率、光饱和点均高于对照组,而其光补偿点则反之。3各接种处理的净光合速率的日变化趋势较为一致,均呈"双峰"曲线,12:00~14:00时均存在"午休"现象,但接种处理下君迁子幼苗叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用率的日均值均高于对照组。研究结果表明:接种丛枝菌根真菌能够显著提高君迁子幼苗的净光合速率,改善其对光的适应性,对植株的生长有显著的促进作用,但促进作用因菌种而异。     

Seasonal air and soil temperature effects on photosynthesis in red spruce (Picea rubens) saplings

Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were measured in ten red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) saplings, growing near Ithaca, New York, throughout the early spring and late-fall growing periods. Gas exchange and daily minimum and maximum soil and air temperatures were also measured. Linear regression analysis showed that rates of net photosynthesis were positively correlated with both minimum daily soil and air temperatures but that minimum soil temperature was a better predictor of net photosynthesis. Moreover, net photosynthesis was more sensitive to changes in soil temperature than to changes in air temperature, and photosynthesis was approximately twice as sensitive to temperature changes during the fall than during the spring.     

Responses of black spruce (Picea mariana) and tamarack (Larix laricina) to flooding and ethylene

Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) and tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) are the predominant tree species in the boreal peatlands of Alberta, Canada, where low nutrient availability, low soil temperature and a high water table limit their growth. Effects of flooding for 28 days on morphological and physiological responses were investigated in greenhouse-grown black spruce and tamarack seedlings in a growth chamber. Flooding reduced root hydraulic conductance, net assimilation rate and stomatal conductance, and increased water-use efficiency (WUE) and needle electrolyte leakage in both species. Although flooded black spruce seedlings maintained higher net assimilation rates and stomatal conductance than flooded tamarack seedlings, flooded tamarack seedlings were able to maintain higher root hydraulic conductance than flooded black spruce seedlings. Needles of flooded black spruce developed tip necrosis and electrolyte leakage after 14 days of flooding, and these symptoms were subsequently more prominent than in needles of flooded tamarack seedlings. Flooded tamarack seedlings exhibited no visible injury symptoms and developed hypertrophied lenticels at their stem base. Application of exogenous ethylene resulted in a significant reduction in net assimilation, stomatal conductance and root respiration, whereas root hydraulic conductivity increased in both species. Thus, although flooded black spruce seedlings maintained a higher stomatal conductance and net assimilation rate than tamarack seedlings, black spruce did not cope with the deleterious effects of prolonged soil flooding and exogenous ethylene as well as tamarack.     

Some ecophysiological characteristics of artà (Calligonum comosum Ľ Hérit) in response to drought stress

Water deficit is an important environmental factor restricting plant growth and photosynthesis. The effect of water deprivation on leaf water status, photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters of artà (Calligonum comosum) was studied. Five-month-old artà seedlings, grown in pots in the open air, were subjected to one of four drought treatments (i.e., mild, moderate, severe and extreme drought stress) and compared to control seedlings (normal watering regime). Results show that leaf water potential, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophyll a and b) decreased with increasing levels of drought stress. Inactivation of the photosynthetic apparatus was accompanied by changes in the fluorescence characteristics, providing evidence that reduction of photosynthetic rate could be attributed to non-stomatal limitations. Alterations imply changes in photochemical conversion efficiency of photosystem II by which plants could reduce water transpiration or protect their photosynthetic apparatus from destruction. These adaptations are discussed in relation to the strategies developed to grow drought-resistant artà seedlings in desert environments.     

Gas exchange responses of two Eucalyptus species to salinity and waterlogging

The effects of salinity and waterlogging on stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis and transpiration of 3-month-old Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Eucalyptus lesouefii Maiden seedlings were studied under greenhouse conditions. Under non-saline conditions, waterlogging induced stomatal closure in both species. However, the stomata of E. camaldulensis reopened after five weeks, when adventitious roots were produced. Relative to that of controls, height growth of waterlogged seedlings was greater in E. camaldulensis than in E. lesouefii, as were rates of photosynthesis and transpiration. In a freely drained medium, high salinity reduced rates of seedling height growth and photosynthesis, relative to those in controls, less in E. lesouefii than in E. camaldulensis. In both species, height growth, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate were lowest under conditions of saline waterlogging.     

不同地理种源翅荚木苗期光合特征的日变异规律

为研究不同地理种源翅荚木苗期光合特征的日变异规律,利用LI-6400光合测定仪于夏季末期对翅荚木苗期的光合特征进行了测定与分析.研究结果表明:(1)翅荚木各种源苗期上部叶片净光合速率日变化为"双峰"型;气孔导度除通道种源为"双峰"型外,其它种源为"单峰"型;蒸腾速率是桂林、江华、通道种源为"双峰"型,忻城、靖西、平果、融水、英德、韶关、兴义种源为"单峰"型.(2)翅荚木各种源下部叶片净光合速率的日变异规律除平果种源为"单峰"型外,其它种源为"双峰"型;气孔导度是忻城、靖西、桂林、平果、兴义种源为"单峰"型,融水、英德、韶关、江华、通道种源为"双峰"型;蒸腾速率是靖西、桂林、兴义种源为"单峰"型,忻城、平果、融水、英德、韶关、江华、通道种源为"双峰"型.(3)所有种源上部叶片和下部叶片胞间CO2浓度的日变异规律为"V"字型.(4)所有种源的上部、下部叶片以傍晚的净光合速率为全天最低,气孔导度值在全天中以傍晚时最低,胞间CO2浓度以清早为最高、下午14:00最低,蒸腾速率在全天中以傍晚时最低.(5)各种源上部叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率明显大于下部叶片的值.     

天童山常绿阔叶林优势树种光合生理特性在其群落演替中的生态意义研究

对浙江天童山常绿阔叶林组成亚顶级群落的4个优势树种:栲树、木荷、石栎、苦槠的光合生理特性进行了研究。对此4个优势树种幼苗、幼树、成年树等生长阶段的光合响应曲线及其光补偿点和光饱和点、CO2补偿点、光合作用日变化曲线、蒸腾作用和水分利用率等进行了测定,对比分析了优势树种光合生理生态特性及其在天童山常绿阔叶林群落演替过程中的重要作用。结果发现栲树具有最低的光和CO2补偿点、优良的水分利用性能,完善的光抑制自我保护机制,幼苗适应弱光环境且代谢旺盛而利于更新,在4个优势树种中最适应于顶级群落的特殊生境,因此成为了天童山常绿阔叶林自然演替顶级群落中重要值最大的优势种。     

Physiological changes in red spruce seedlings during a simulated winter thaw

We evaluated net photosynthesis, respiration, leaf conductance, xylem pressure potential (XPP) and cold hardiness in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) seedlings exposed to either a continuous thaw (CT) or a daytime thaw with freezing nights (FN) for 8 days during mid-winter. Physiological differences between CT and FN seedlings were evident for all measured parameters. However, the temporal expression of treatment differences varied among parameters. When compared to FN seedlings, CT seedlings had higher rates of respiration following 24 h of treatment, and a higher net photosynthetic rate, leaf conductance and XPP after 48 h of treatment. The CT seedlings were significantly less cold tolerant than the FN seedlings following 4 days of thaw, whereas FN seedlings did not deharden over the 8 days of treatment. Examination of temporal trends among thaw-associated changes in physiology suggested that, although greater carbon exchange occurred as stomatal conductance increased, the transition from negative to positive net photosynthesis was not the result of increases in conductance, but may have been associated with thaw-induced increases in XPP. Because thaw-associated changes in gas exchange and cold hardiness were offset in time, we conclude that, if changes in these processes are physiologically linked, the linkage is indirect.     

2个油茶品种及6个近缘种的光合特性日变化规律

为了筛选油茶近缘种高光效种质资源,从而为培育油茶新品种提供优质材料,以2个普通油茶品种(‘湘林1’与‘湘林97’)和6个近缘种(博白大果油茶、越南油茶、浙江红山茶、溆浦大红山茶、攸县油茶、滇山茶)为试验材料,对其叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度、水分利用效率等光合参数进行了测定和分析。观测结果表明:滇山茶、攸县油茶、越南油茶、博白大果油茶和‘湘林1’与‘湘林97’叶片的净光合速率均呈“单峰”曲线的变化趋势,其气孔导度和蒸腾速率亦均呈“单峰”曲线的变化趋势,而其胞间CO2浓度却呈“V”型曲线的变化趋势;浙江红山茶和溆浦大红山茶的净光合速率均呈“双峰”曲线的变化趋势,其气孔导度呈“平稳”型曲线的变化趋势,胞间CO2浓度呈“W”型曲线的变化趋势,蒸腾速率呈“单峰”曲线的变化趋势,说明其均存在光合“午休现象”。相关性分析结果表明:净光合速率与气孔导度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与水分利用效率呈显著正相关(P<0.05);气孔导度与水分利用效率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。主成分分析结果表明:从5个光合参数中提取了特征根>1的主成分2个,其累计贡献率为83.545%;主成分1(F1)中净光合速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率的累计正向贡献率最多,主成分(F2)中蒸腾速率的累计正向贡献率最多;根据综合评价结果可知,2个普通油茶品种及6个近缘种的光合效率由高到低依次为:油茶‘湘林1’>滇山茶>油茶‘湘林97’>攸县油茶>博白大果油茶>越南油茶>溆浦大红山茶>浙江红山茶。