四川高海拔地区欧洲甜樱桃栽培技术

甜樱桃性喜冷凉干燥和日照充足,所适宜的区域狭小.四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州、凉山彝族自治州和甘孜藏族自治州(以下简称四川"三州")海拔高,日照强,温差大,与世界优质甜樱桃产区-美国西北部和加拿大西南部地区的气候极为相似,属世界甜樱桃优质栽培区.甜樱桃产业是四川高海拔地区农业结构调整和增加农民收入的特色产业,目前甜樱桃种植面积已超过0.27万hm2.     

温度对南方地区甜樱桃开花结实影响的研究进展

我国南方地区甜樱桃引种栽培生产中存在坐果率低、落果严重、产量不稳、果实畸形等问题,严重影响了甜樱桃产业在南方地区的发展。从需冷量、甜樱桃花芽分化进程和速率、花芽分化后期胚发育、花芽分化质量与坐果等方面阐述了温度对南方地区引种甜樱桃开花结实的影响,并提出了南方地区引种甜樱桃提高坐果率的相应对策。认为今后可加强甜樱桃在不同生态条件下生长结果习性的研究,选育需冷量低的品种,优化配套栽培措施,以促进甜樱桃栽培的向南顺利发展。     

5个乌克兰甜樱桃优良品种

<正> 乌克兰樱桃资源非常丰富,尤其是甜樱桃,现栽培面积达1.6万hm~2。乌克兰最大的甜樱桃商业种植基地在扎波罗热州的梅利托波尔市。乌克兰农科院灌溉园艺研究所就在该市,该所长期从事甜樱桃育种。1994年山东省果树研究所与该所建立了友好关系,多次互访     

低产成龄甜樱桃园丰产改造技术

山东省章丘市位于泰沂山脉北麓,西距省会济南40千米.境域内交通便利,经济发展迅速,发展甜樱桃鲜食水果具有良好的市场空间.2002年春,我市刁镇小辛等村引进甜樱桃种植.建园前几年,由于大多数果农初次种植甜樱桃,对甜樱桃的生长结果习性不了解,采取了不恰当的管理技术,造成果园结果晚,产量低,果实品质差,效益低下,群众的种植信心逐年降低.     

温暖气候区甜樱桃双雌蕊和坐果的研究

Kenji Beppu等在日本园艺学会园艺科学杂志(J.Japan.Soc.Hort.Sci.)发表了一篇综述,描写了日本西南部温暖地区甜樱桃栽培区大约位于北纬33°26′～35°出现双雌蕊和坐果等问题,其纬度相当于我国河南的漯河至郑州一带,在我国这一纬度地带甜樱桃的坐果很正常,导致双果的双雌蕊的问题虽然有但不严重。现在我国不少人希望继续向南拓展甜樱桃种植区,例如在上海种植甜樱桃,在这一地理气候带种甜樱桃,面临着Kenji Beppu所描述的双雌蕊和坐果的问题,我们希望编译的这篇文章对这一地区发展甜樱桃有参考价值。此文未提及病虫害防治,编译者提醒读者:温暖地区甜樱桃的病虫害防治也是影响其坐果率和产量的重要因素。     

甜樱桃病毒病的症状鉴别与防治

近年来,甜樱桃在全国很多地区发展迅速.以烟台为例,1992年仅有甜樱桃1 780hm2,产量4 430t,而到了2002年全市甜樱桃面积猛增到1.17万hm2,产量达到2.538万t,在短短的10年内,面积扩大5.5倍,产量翻了2番多.     

汶川县猕猴桃和甜樱桃产业现状及发展建议

分析了汶川县发展猕猴桃和甜樱桃产业在气候生态、区位交通、政策资金等方面的突出优势;调研了猕猴桃、甜樱桃两大产业目前的栽培面积、种植区域、产量、产值现状;指出了目前生产中存在的猕猴桃溃疡病、甜樱桃裂果、整体栽培技术落后、贮藏保鲜条件差等问题;并针对该问题提出了应探索产业发展模式:推进高标准园区建设;优化产业布局,构建产学研联盟;加强技术培训,提高农户种植水平;加大冷库建设投入,改善采后贮藏保鲜条件;培育知名品牌,提高果品市场竞争力等发展对策.     

甜樱桃丰产栽培配套技术研究总结

四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州、凉山彝族自治州和甘孜藏族自治州属国内甜樱桃极早熟和优质栽培区,果实品质明显优于目前我国甜樱桃主产区胶东半岛,成熟期早于北方甜樱桃产区15～20天.20世纪80年代中期开始,陆续从大连、烟台、郑州等地引进甜樱桃优良品种,在不同海拔区域进行试验示范,获得成功,并于90年代中期开始大面积推广.目前,川西高地甜樱桃种植面积已超过0.27万hm2,年产量1 000余t.随着甜樱桃栽培面积的不断扩大,丰产栽培配套技术成为了影响产业发展的主要问题.为此,笔者于2007?009年在四川省茂县九顶山农牧产业开发有限公司甜樱桃示范基地,开展了甜樱桃丰产栽培配套技术研究.现总结如下.     

甜樱桃根癌病的危害与控制

近十年来我国甜樱桃的种值效益远高于其他作物，促使其种植面积在迅速扩大，特别是山东省和辽宁省大连等地的农民种植甜樱桃的积极性非常高，种植面积增加尤为突出。在此发展热潮中，由于苗木带病和栽培技术不当．不少地方反映根癌病已严重威胁着我国甜樱桃种植业，必须引起广大果树科技工作者、农业行政管理部门和广大果农的高度重视。     

甜樱桃玲珑脆生长结果习性及栽培技术

甜樱桃玲珑脆具有果个大、风味甜、果肉脆、耐储运、早果性、丰产性好等特点,是具有发展前途的甜樱桃优良品种,随着栽培面积的不断扩大,为提高果农的生产效益,根据河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所多年种植经验,总结其生长结果习性和栽培技术要点,有利于更好的进行推广,给种植户提供技术参考.     

基于比较优势法对河北省蔬菜产业的分析

基于2013—2018年河北省蔬菜种植面积、产量及周边地区(北京、天津、辽宁、山西、内蒙古、河南)相应数据,运用区位商、比较优势研究方法,分析河北省及周边地区蔬菜生产区变化情况。结果表明:从区位商指数来看,河北省蔬菜产业专业化水平较高,与周边地区相比具有一定的产业优势,可以作为优势产业发展;从比较优势分析指数来看,与周边地区蔬菜生产区相比,河北省生产规模不强,但具有较强的生产效率优势和较强的综合优势,具有外向生产发展空间。建议进一步适度扩大蔬菜种植面积,提高政策补贴水平以及加大人才的培养力度。     

黑马铃薯在吉林省农科院经植所引种试验报告

在吉林省农业科学院经济植物研究所,通过3年黑马铃薯引种比较试验,从丰产性、稳产性、适应性和商品性等方面进行分析。结果表明:黑美人杂-5品系的产量较高,属高产稳产型品系,比对照黑土豆增产26.79%,且薯型好,食味佳,抗病性强,适合本地区及相同生态类型地区示范种植。     

极早熟优质梨新品种-七月酥的选育

七月酥梨系1980年用幸水和早酥梨杂交育成。20多年来,在不同生态条件地区试种,结果表明:该品种性状稳定,具有结果早、品质优良、丰产性强、适应性广、极早熟等特点,其成熟期较日本主栽的早熟良种幸水、新世纪梨早1个月,较我国栽培较多的早酥梨早熟约20d。肉质倾向父本早酥梨细嫩而松脆、汁多;风味趋向母本幸水梨甘甜可口,具香味。     

荸荠新品种桂蹄4号的选育

桂蹄4 号是以桂蹄2 号为材料，通过茎尖组织培养产生的优良变异单株筛选培育而成的早中熟荸荠新品种。生育期130～140 d（天）；植株生长势强，球茎横椭球形、脐部微平，皮褐白色，淀粉含量47.0 mg · g-1，可溶性糖含量7.95%，口感脆甜、少渣，品质好；平均单球质量26.2 g，每667 m² 产量2 200 kg 左右，田间对秆枯病的抗性与对照桂蹄2 号相当，适宜广西及其周边地区种植。     

种植模式和多茬收割对饲用型甜高粱产量的影响

研究了饲用型甜高粱在不同种植模式条件下（全膜双垄沟灌栽培、全膜覆盖平作栽培、露地栽培）对土壤含水量、植株外部形态及产量的影响;单茬收割以及不同株高条件下2茬收割、3茬收割对产量的影响.结果表明：覆膜处理能高效利用降水和灌水,使植株茎秆含糖率增加,显著增加株高和产量,尤其全膜覆盖平作处理较露地栽培水分利用效率高70.52kg/（mm· hm2）,增产41.74％.收获两茬产量要比收获1茬高10.98％,比收割3茬高18.64％;在收割两茬的情况下,头茬株高150cm时刈割总产量比头茬株高200cm时刈割总产增产4.49％.在生育期只有150d左右的区域,饲用型甜高粱可选择两茬或单茬收割,头茬在株高150cm左右收割,二茬收割时间在早霜来临之前.     

甜樱桃花芽分化后期特征观察

通过品种比较、地区比较和人工环境模拟3个关联的试验设计,观察甜樱桃从落叶后至谢花后的花芽分化发育的特征,探求其南引试栽、结实困难的原因。结果表明,郑州的早红宝石、红灯和拉宾斯,烟台、郑州和金华的红灯,以及花芽分化期置于露地和日光温室中的早红宝石在多个物候期阶段的最终分化发育的基本特征一致。因此,造成甜樱桃南引试栽、结实困难的主要原因可能与生长季的花芽分化无关,不能仅限于与花前高温引发的胚珠、胚囊发育不良有关,低温累积量不足也是不可被忽视的因素。     

Variations in the yielding ability of sweet potato clones in grassland and forest ecologies in Cameroon

Twenty sweet potato genotypes were evaluated for four years in seven locations representing three agro-ecological zones in Cameroon, to study their performance across environments, to identify cultivars suitable for the different zones and to study their reaction to weevils and viruses in target sites. The best storage root yields (13.3 t ha^?1) were in the humid forest region and the lowest (7.4 t ha^?1) in the grassland region. Storage root counts were about the same in the humid forest and in the grassland regions. Root yields were not affected by weevil attack, but virus severity was associated with storage root yield depression. Shukla’s stability method was less conservative than the Eberhart-Russell method of assessing stability. The genotype grouping technique of Francis and Kannenberg was considered easier to use in grouping clones into classes of desirability and stability. The study suggests that it may not be necessary to select separately for different agro-ecological zones because high yielding cultivars of sweet potato developed for one zone are most likely to be adaptable to other zones.     

欧李不同类群观察

对从北京市怀柔县、密云县,辽宁省建昌县山区引来的300余株欧李进行了两年观察,结果表明,所引进的群体中,明显的存在着3种不同的类群,即扁果类群、圆果类群和长果类群。其中扁果类群为优良类群,果个最大,着色最早,色泽鲜红,果肉离核,可食部分最多,可溶性固形物含量较高,酸甜可口,浓郁芳香,既可鲜食又可加工。 欧李耐寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄土壤,对病虫害的抵抗力很强。扁果类群具丰产性,可适量发展。欧李植株矮小,红果绿叶,既可作盆景观赏,又可作庭院绿化,以扁果类群为佳。     

Study on smellscape perception and landscape application of fragrant plants

Plants in parks emit different fragrances. How will these fragrances affect us? How can we better allocate these plants? In this paper, five kinds of traditional fragrant plants in northern China were selected for fragrance analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and the fragrance types and diffusion process were analyzed by a smell-walking method. Subjective evaluation of fragrance perception was carried out in outdoor plant communities using a semantic differential method. At the same time, the application of fragrant plants was discussed. The purpose was to explore the relationship between smellscape and perception and provide a reference for smellscape map drawing and landscape application of fragrant plants. Study plants were shown to plants present different fragrance types: monoterpense, syringaldehyde, β-ionone and acetic acid phenylmethyl ester were the main compounds of magnolia, syringa, osmanthus and wintersweet, and linalool was also the major compounds of tree peony, osmanthus and wintersweet. Smell-walking survey reported that magnolia and tree peony exhibited a woody and light medicinal fragrance, syringa emitted a powerful hyacinth-like odor, osmanthus had a strong sweet smell, and wintersweet had a fresh sweet smell. And subjective evaluation of fragrance perception was positive; the evaluation value of osmanthus was the highest, followed by magnolia and wintersweet, and finally syringa and tree peony. Further, subjects found tree peony to be less pleasant because of its mixed fragrance. We also found that fragrance concentration and diffusion were related to plant density, tree height, receptor location and spatial range. Other factors, such as surrounding plants, landscape architecture, rockery and water also affected fragrance diffusion. Our findings show that these myriad factors should be considered comprehensively in plant allocation.     

Assessment of genetic relationships among 29 introduced and 49 local sweet cherry accessions in Turkey using AFLP and SSR markers

Summary

The characterisation of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) genetic resources in Turkey may help to increase their use in breeding programmes worldwide, as Turkey is the centre of origin of sweet cherry. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were therefore used to analyse genetic diversity among a total of 78 local and introduced sweet cherry cultivars. Four AFLP primer combinations, and six SSR primer pairs for sweet cherry were used for genetic diversity analysis. A genetic similarity matrix was calculated using the combined data from AFLP and SSR analyses with simple matching coefficient. Genetic similarities among the sweet cherry genotypes studied were higher than 42%. No two accessions had an identical AFLP and SSR marker profile, indicating that all 78 genotypes were unique. An UPGMA dendrogram, based on the similarity matrix, revealed 18 separate Groups at or above the 70% similarity level. While some Groups consisted of both introduced and local genotypes, other Groups had only local genotypes. This result suggests that there was broad genetic diversity among the local Turkish sweet cherry genotypes, which was not present in the introduced sweet cherry accessions. The genetic variation present in local Turkish sweet cherry genotypes may be useful for future breeding programmes. We found that the use of both SSR and AFLP marker systems was effective for distinguishing between genetically-close sweet cherry genotypes. These marker systems can be used to complement pomological and morphological markers during the characterisation and identification of sweet cherry genotypes.