不同红光与远红光对盐胁迫下番茄叶绿素合成的影响

以番茄"MoneyMaker"植株为试材,采用营养液水培方法,在盐胁迫下设置不同红光(R)与远红光(FR)处理,T_1(R∶FR=7.4)、T_2(R∶FR=1.2)、T_3(R∶FR=0.8),以正常营养液栽培(R∶FR=7.4)为对照,研究了在盐胁迫条件下不同红光与远红光比值(R∶FR)光环境对番茄生长指标、叶绿素及其前体物质含量和气体交换参数的影响,探讨低R∶FR光环境对盐胁迫下叶绿素合成途径的影响。结果表明:在盐胁迫下,番茄植株的干质量、鲜质量、叶绿素a(Chl a)含量、叶绿素b(Chl b)含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)均显著下降,叶绿素含量下降导致光合能力下降,进一步造成干物质积累减少;在盐胁迫下,降低番茄植株光环境中的R∶FR值,干物质量、气体交换参数和叶绿素含量均显著上升,且在T_3处理下显著高于T_2处理。盐胁迫下番茄叶片中的5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)、胆色素原(PBG)和尿卟啉Ⅲ(UroⅢ)的含量显著升高,而原卟啉Ⅸ(ProtoⅨ)、镁原叶琳Ⅸ(Mg-protoⅨ)和原叶绿素酸酯(Pchl)显著降低。低R∶FR处理降低了ALA、PBG、UroⅢ的积累量,增加了ProtoⅨ、Mg-protoⅨ、Pchl的含量,同时降低了Chl a/b的值,T_2和T_3处理中的差异不明显。表明低R∶FR值光环境通过促进叶绿素合成缓解了番茄受到的盐胁迫,R∶FR值为0.8时效果最佳,盐胁迫下番茄叶绿素合成受阻的起始点在ProtoⅨ的合成过程,低R∶FR值能缓解叶绿素合成受阻碍的程度,R∶FR值为1.2和0.8对叶绿素合成的促进没有显著差异。     

氮磷钾不同配比对加工番茄育苗质量的影响

以新疆加工番茄主栽品种"里格尔87-5"为试材,采用正交设计,设置N、P、K不同配比25个处理,各处理分3次喷施加工番茄穴盘苗,测定分析幼苗的株高、茎基粗、叶面积、鲜重、叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、地上部鲜重、干重和地下部鲜重、干重,并计算干重根冠比和壮苗指数。结果表明:第2次喷施肥后,2kg水配N∶P∶K为2.73∶2.73∶4.90g(处理13)溶液喷施幼苗,株高和单株鲜重增长量最多;2kg水配N∶P∶K为3.08∶0.91∶2.94g(处理11)溶液喷施幼苗,单株叶面积增长量最大。在加工番茄穴盘苗第2次喷施肥,即2~4叶期,N∶P∶K合理配比可显著增加加工番茄穴盘苗单株叶面积、株高和鲜重,促进营养生长。喷施肥3次后,2kg水配N∶P∶K为2.36∶1.82∶1.47g(处理24)溶液喷施幼苗,叶绿素含量SPAD值最高;2kg水配N∶P∶K为3.08∶0.91∶2.94g(处理11)溶液喷施幼苗,单株叶面积最大。氮素养分对加工番茄穴盘苗的单株叶面积影响显著,对叶绿素含量SPAD值影响极显著,各处理对加工番茄穴盘苗的株高、茎基粗、地上部干重、根部干重、全株干重、干重根冠比及壮苗指数影响不显著。     

不同营养供应方式对番茄穴盘苗种苗质量的影响

以番茄品种齐达利为材料,研究了4个处理,T1(CK0):基质中不添加肥料,出苗后也不追肥;T2:基质中添加莱瑞育苗专用肥1号1 kg/m3,后期不追肥;T3(CK1):基质中添加莱瑞育苗专用肥1号1 kg/m3,子叶展平后浇灌莱瑞育苗专用肥1号;T4:基质中添加莱瑞育苗专用肥1号1 kg/m3,子叶展平后交替浇灌莱瑞育苗专用肥1号和2号,对番茄幼苗生长发育和种苗质量的影响.结果表明,T4处理的番茄幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、根长、根表面积、根体积、根直径、干物质含量、壮苗指数均显著高于其他处理,且幼苗的SPAD值、光合速率、蒸腾速率均显著高于其他处理.综合形态指标和生理指标考虑,T3(CK1)处理下番茄幼苗生长正常;T4处理可提高番茄幼苗的种苗质量,较T3(CK1)处理提前2d达到4叶1心期.     

复配花生糠基质对番茄穴盘苗质量的影响

以粉果番茄品种棚冠为试材,研究了7种复配花生糠基质对番茄穴盘苗质量的影响。结果表明,花生糠∶牛粪∶炉渣=6 V∶2 V∶2 V的基质配方理化性质较好,番茄穴盘苗茎粗、株高、茎叶鲜质量及干质量、根干质量、壮苗指数6项指标均高于其他6个处理,并显著高于对照（草炭∶蛭石=2 V∶1 V）,叶绿素含量与对照无显著差异。     

沸石添加对番茄幼苗素质的影响

以草碳、蛭石 (2V∶1V)为基本基质添加不同比例的沸石 ,就其对番茄幼苗生长的影响进行了研究。结果表明 ,幼苗茎粗、叶面积、干物质量和壮苗指数随沸石量的增加而增加。同时基质中添加沸石对叶片的光合色素含量、光合参数和根系生长等方面也有不同程度的影响。     

黄瓜蚯蚓粪基质穴盘育苗肥料添加量的研究

将蚯蚓粪和蛭石按2:1(体积比)的比例组成复合基质,然后添加不同数量的CO(NH2)2和KNO3,用于黄瓜穴盘育苗.根据壮苗指数,筛选出的最佳肥料添加量是CO(NH2)2 0.8 kg/m3和KNO3 0.4 kg/m3,与常规草炭系基质相比,黄瓜幼苗的出苗率、叶绿素总量和单株干重分别提高1%,68.9%和34.9%.     

蚓粪复合基质对茄子幼苗生长的影响

以蚓粪复合基质和茄子幼苗为试材,研究蚓粪复合基质对茄子幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:在茄子整个幼苗生长期,蚓粪复合基质对茄子幼苗成苗率,地上部分的开展度、株高、茎粗、叶绿素、叶片数和鲜(干)重等增加作用显著优于对照基质。蚓粪中添加中低量氮素(0.5~1.0 kg尿素/m3)比高氮添加量(2.0 kg尿素/m3)更有利于茄子幼苗地上部分生长和鲜(干)重的累积。高氮添加量处理在中、后期的有益效果逐步显现。蚓粪复合基质幼苗的根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数等在生长中、后期均显著高于对照基质处理;中低量氮素添加量有利于提高茄子幼苗成苗率,各处理成苗率在苗中、后期无明显变化。新鲜蚓粪与蛭石按4∶1的体积比混合后,添加适量无机养分制成的复合基质可以作为茄子育苗基质。综合成本和幼苗生长情况,蚓粪复合基质中以添加尿素1.0 kg/m3为宜。     

聚天门冬氨酸对基质培育樱桃番茄幼苗生长的影响

为探究聚天门冬氨酸（PASP）对基质培育樱桃番茄幼苗生长的促进作用,以特美瑞191番茄为材料,研究不同添加量对樱桃番茄幼苗生长发育的影响,探析适合壮苗培育的添加比例。试验结果如下：与对照相比,在育苗基质中添加聚天门冬氨酸,促进了樱桃番茄幼苗的生长和生物量的有效积累,幼苗光合作用和根系活力增加,幼苗体内矿物质元素含量显著增加;其中30 g/kg (T2处理)聚天门冬氨酸综合效果最佳,壮苗指数最高。     

氮肥对番茄衰老调控及产量的影响

以大粉果番茄"西方519"为试材,系统研究了氮素水平对番茄叶片衰老及产量的影响,以探讨设施栽培条件下番茄高产适宜的施氮量。结果表明:番茄叶片中叶绿素含量和净光合速率、保护酶活性均随着氮素水平的增加而增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量则随着施氮量的增加而降低,当施氮量超过300kg·hm~(-2)时,上述指标变化不显著,表明合理施氮可以使番茄植株延缓衰老;增施氮肥可以显著提高番茄产量,当氮肥使用量在300kg·hm~(-2)时产量最高,氮肥用量为200kg·hm~(-2)时经济系数最高。     

促腐剂对菇渣发酵过程的影响及育苗基质优化研究

以菇渣为原料,添加促腐剂、尿素进行堆积发酵,研究菇渣发酵过程中温度、发酵天数、养分含量及理化性质的变化;确定发酵最优处理后,对其进行不同剂量保水剂、C/N及基质配比的3因素3水平育苗基质正交试验.结果表明:加入促腐剂、尿素后,菇渣发酵的高温持续时间延长,腐熟时间缩短,理化性质得到改善.同时添加尿素、促腐剂的处理3,菇渣发酵效果最好、发酵最彻底,与CK相比,高温持续时间增加了6d、腐熟时间缩短了7d、最高温度增加了12℃.发酵结束后,各处理总孔隙度增加,通气性变好,持水能力加强,蒸发速率减小,氮、磷、钾含量升高,但EC值较大,C/N较低.对处理3菇渣发酵基质进行3因素3水平正交试验,得出适合番茄和辣椒幼苗生长的最佳组合A2B2C3,即保水剂添加量4 kg/m3,菇渣与珍珠岩(V/V)3∶1,C/N为35:1.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.