Propagation of Plants by Root Cuttings: II. Seasonal Fluctuation of Capacity to Regenerate from Roots

Some species regenerate readily from root cuttings at any time of year, whereas cuttings of other species show a well-marked seasonal fluctuation in capacity to grow. In the latter a high proportion of successes is possible only if cuttings are taken in the “ on ” season. In the “ off ” season for raspberry, not only do root cuttings fail but whole root systems, severed and left undisturbed in situ, also die. The regenerative capacity of (a) root cuttings, and (b) severed roots left in situ, has a bearing on the degree of control, which can be obtained by tillage, of weed species which are able to regenerate from roots left in the ground.     

Micropropagation of red raspberry

A method for the rapid propagation of raspberry (Rubus idaeus cultivar ‘Heritage’) is described, involving tip-culture, shoot elongation, multiplication by small cuttings, root initiation and transfer of plants to soil.     

同源四倍体玫瑰香葡萄嫩枝扦插不定根发生过程中内源激素的变化

 以葡萄同源四倍体玫瑰香和其二倍体玫瑰香母株的嫩枝插条为试材, 研究了扦插生根过程中(0～18 d) 生根部位皮层的内源激素含量变化。结果表明: 玫瑰香葡萄同源加倍以后, 不仅改变了不同时期插条生根部位皮层的内源激素水平, 也改变了该部位对外施NAA的反应。在不定根诱导期( 0～3 d) ,促进生根的生长素水平下降, 抑制生根的脱落酸和赤霉素含量上升, 生长素与脱落酸和赤霉素的比值下降;应用NAA处理以后, 在根原基诱导期(0～3 d) , 赤霉素、玉米素和玉米素核苷含量不降反升, 改变了内源激素的整体变化态势。分析认为, 同源加倍后嫩枝插条生根部位内源激素的代谢变化是造成其生根能力降低的主要原因之一。     

野生蔬菜地笋扦插繁殖规律的研究

对野生蔬菜地笋的不同材料、不同方式的扦插苗的生根规律、生长动态进行了初步研究.结果表明:地笋扦插苗的生根数量随着扦插时间的延长呈上升趋势,其中主茎扦插苗的生根数量多于侧茎,生根时间提早于侧茎.根据对扦插苗生长过程中的株高、茎粗、叶片数的变化的观察可将扦插苗的生长期划分为快速生长期、生长平缓期和生长稳定期.不同的扦插材料影响着植株的生长动态,主茎易成活且长势好,侧茎则明显不如主茎;扦插方式的不同,对植株生长动态也起作用,直立式扦插和全埋式扦插苗在生长期变化明显.     

美丽翠雀的茎枝扦插研究

 美丽翠雀( Delphinium‘Schloss Wilhelmschohe’) 可在春、夏季用茎枝进行扦插繁殖。切取新生茎枝顶端12～15 cm枝条为插穗, 用IBA 5～10 mg·L^-1浸泡基部1 h 后在珍珠岩∶腐叶土∶粗砂= 1∶1∶2 (体积比) 的基质上扦插效果较为理想。     

Depressing Effects of Virus Infection on Adventitious Root Production in Apple Hardwood Cuttings

Adventitious rooting in dormant hardwood cuttings of MM. 106 apple rootstock was depressed by latent infection with five viruses, viz. rubbery wood, stem pitting, epinasty and decline, chlorotic leaf spot and platycarpa scaly bark viruses.

Both the number of rooted cuttings and the number of roots per rooted cutting were reduced, and fewer unrooted cuttings remained alive, thus representing a further potential loss.

The production of shoots suitable for use as cuttings was decreased from infected hedges, as was the ability of cuttings subsequently to become established and grow in the nursery.     

野生毛葡萄扦插与嫁接试验

以难生根的野生毛葡萄插条为试材,研究基质配比、不同植物生长调节剂配比对其扦插生根率的影响。结果表明:经过吲哚丁酸(IBA)150mg/L处理后扦插在河沙:珍珠岩:泥炭体积比(1:1:1)的混合基质上,同时经过根部加温,插条缠膜,基质覆膜等综合技术措施,生根率可以达到67.5%;用50mg/L维生素C处理葡萄接穗后嫁接在野生毛葡萄砧木上,显著提高了嫁接成活率。     

Vegetative propagation of spice-plants: Root formation in oregano stem cuttings

Stem cuttings of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) with pre-formed roots responded to a range of IBA and IAA concentrations with increased root emergence and without damage to the cuttings. No similar promotion of rooting was observed in cuttings lacking pre-formed root primordia. The data are discussed with respect to the differentiation and elongation phases of adventitious root formation. Root emergence from oregano cuttings and the continuity of stem vessels into the growing root are described.     

Pretreatment of tea Cuttings for Distribution by Mail

It has become the practice in north-east India to propagate tea vegetatively by means of intemodal cuttings carrying only one leaf. These are prepared by the dissection of leading stems. Extensive experience shows that most of the cuttings will fail if the stems are stored for more than a few hours after being severed from the plant, even if kept moist. If the stems are dissected into cuttings their viability is further reduced. It is usual to set the cuttings in the beds immediately the stems are severed from the plant, and no practicable method has been found by which fresh material can be stored or transported for periods of more than a few hours. Leafless cuttings are of no value.     

Propagation of Black Currants from Single-Bud Cuttings

Black currants are readily propagated from single-bud hardwood cuttings approximately i inch long, with the bud at the top and planted vertically. The best part of the shoot from which to take such cuttings is the lower- mid portion (buds 15-22).

Optimum rooting is obtained from cuttings planted in January, February and March after dormancy has broken in the field, but by using 24-hour day-length successful rooting can be extended from October to March. The emergence of flowers in March-planted cuttings slightly reduces rooting.

Thirteen commercial varieties have been propagated successfully by this method.

Suitable softwood and semi- hardwood cuttings are available when the current season's shoots are 12 nodes or more in length, i.e. normally in late April. When these are planted in a propagation frame with soil heating, good rooting is obtained from April to June provided the subtending leaf is retained during the rooting period.

Twenty-four-hour day-length increases the rooting of cuttings planted in July; lack of rooting after July is attributed to early leaf abscission, the initiation of flowers and the onset of dormancy.     

基质配比对香石竹扦插成苗的影响

以香石竹品种‘云之蝶’(WR)和‘马斯特’(R3)为试材,采用随机区组设计,研究不同基质配比对香石竹2个品种扦插成苗的影响.结果表明:当基质配比为珍珠岩:草炭=5∶1时,2个品种的扦插生根率和成苗率均最高,且根系质量最好,不合格苗最少,是较好的基质选择.     

不同生长调节剂对番茄侧枝水培扦插效果试验

以瑞克斯旺409番茄侧枝为试材,研究了布洛芬、萘乙酸、吲哚美辛、吲哚乙酸、绿神等5种不同生长调节剂对番茄侧枝水培扦插生根的影响。试验结果表明,绿神、萘乙酸、布洛芬处理的番茄侧枝,可缩短生根时间、促进根系生长、提高根系活力;生根效果最好的是绿神,萘乙酸和布洛芬次之,吲哚美辛和吲哚乙酸较差。     

植物激素处理对枸杞硬枝插穗的影响

以枸杞硬枝为试材,研究了吲哚丁酸(IBA)、ABT生根粉、肽蛋白及吲哚乙酸(IAA)等植物激素对枸杞硬枝插穗嫁接成活力的影响。结果表明:吲哚丁酸(IBA)10%可湿性粉剂、ABT生根粉、吲哚乙酸(IAA)均可显著提高枸杞插穗成活率、新枝长、新枝粗、根系长、每株根条数、根系重、侧根直径;尤以吲哚丁酸(IBA)10%可湿性粉剂、ABT生根粉促进作用最大;这4种植物激素可以用来处理枸杞扦插育苗中的插穗。     

土壤干旱和盐胁迫对帕洛特王幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

以山龙眼科木本切花植物帕洛特王1 a生扦插苗为材料,研究其对土壤干旱和盐胁迫的生长、形态及生理生化反应的影响.结果表明:干旱及盐胁迫对帕洛特王幼苗的生长及各器官的生物量积累无显著影响.干旱条件下,根/冠比显著增加,说明该植物可以通过地上地下生物量的分配来积极地适应干旱.盐胁迫下,帕洛特王幼苗叶片相对含水量显著下降,叶绿素a含量显著上升,抗氧化酶活性及可溶性渗透调节物质也显著增加,说明该植物可通过一系列生理生化特性的改变来积极抵抗盐胁迫.在该研究中,干旱处理及盐处理对帕洛特王植株影响较小,说明帕洛特王对于土壤干旱及盐分具有一定的耐受性.     

硝酸钙处理对菊花扦插生根及抗氧化酶活性的影响

以切花菊品种‘万盛’为材料,研究了不同浓度Ca(NO₃)₂处理对菊花扦插生根及其过程中插穗叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性以及膜质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。结果表明,60 mg·L^-1 Ca²⁺处理的生根数最多,而且插穗鲜样质量和干样质量也比对照明显增加,而80 mg·L^-1Ca²⁺处理的生根数、插穗鲜样质量和干样质量以及生根率比对照减少。60 mg·L^-1 Ca²⁺处理的SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性与其它处理相比显著增加,MDA含量明显减少。以上结果表明,在菊花扦插过程中,采用适当浓度的Ca2+处理可以提高插穗叶片SOD、POD、CAT和APX等保护酶的活性和降低MDA含量,从而促进菊花扦插生根,并提高扦插苗品质。     

不同基质对菊花‘神马’扦插生根的影响

以菊花品种‘神马’为试材,采用沙子、珍珠岩、蛭石3种基质进行扦插处理,研究其对‘神马’菊花生长状况、褐变率、生根率、根粗、根长、茎粗、茎高等生长指标的影响。结果表明:在沙子基质中,插穗生根数量和根增粗方面表现最好,虽然生根率不及珍珠岩基质,但考虑茎的高度及粗度,以及成本等其它因素,因此确定沙子是菊花‘神马’扦插最适宜的基质。     

GL生根剂对扶桑插条生根及碳水化合物分配的影响

用ＧＬ生根剂（ＩＢＡ１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ＋粉锈宁１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＰＰ３３３２ｍｇ／Ｌ）５０ｍｇ／Ｌ浸泡扶桑插条基部２４小时，提高了插条的生根率、生根数、根干重，并扩大了生根范围。插条叶光合速率高于对照８２．８％，分配到叶的１４Ｃ－光合产物比对照少，而分配到茎和不定根的光合产物高于对照。插条叶和不定根中的可溶性糖、淀粉和纤维素含量低于对照，并随处理后天数的延长逐渐减少，木质素含量增加；茎和插条基部的可溶性糖含量高于对照，淀粉和木质素含量低于对照     

不同基质及取材方式对粉葛扦插生根的影响

粉葛的需求量与日俱增,而粉葛种植基本是粗放式管理,其扦插初期成活能力较低。为提高粉葛扦插的成活率、根系生长能力和加快生长速度,以韶关大塘火山粉葛为例,研究不同基质及取材方式对粉葛扦插生根的影响。结果表明,疏松、低营养、保水性好的基质有利于粉葛扦插枝条生根生长。选择明显硬化较老的枝条、对枝条进行斜切,并将扦插枝条的节位插入基质以下均有利于生根。     

板栗嫩枝扦插生根解剖学特征研究

板栗插条不定根原始体为诱生根原始体。不定奶原基起源于维管不形成层细胞或紧靠维管形成层初生韧皮部中的薄壁细胞。愈伤组织不形成不定根原基，其中有些细胞分化为厚壁细胞。试验中发现有极少数不定根从愈伤组织长出，但其根原基原仍然是维管形成层细胞或紧管维管形成层初生韧皮部中的薄壁细胞。不定根上的侧根起源于柱鞘细胞。     

The Influence of Source and Growth Substance on the Behaviour of Apple and Plum Cuttings

The behaviour of hardwood cuttings is influenced by factors that have operated upon the parent plant. A comprehensive study, not only of such " source ” effects but also of their interaction with growth substance treatment and subsequent environment, aims to extend this method of propagation. Patterns of behaviour of varieties of very different rooting capacity are clearly related, layer cuttings being better than hedge, with a declining gradient from the base of the shoot. The etiolated basal cutting from a layer shoot normally roots well whenever planted, but non-etiolated cuttings derive considerable benefit from over-wintering in soil.

With the readily rooting Myrobalan B, growth substance application in the autumn is not essential ; such treatment is advocated for the moderately rooting Brompton plum while, with the shyly rooting Crab C, accelerative influence has, so far, proved inadequate. Success with Crab C could derive from the ability of the cutting to survive, though unrooted, into the second year when rooting normally follows. Spring planting and absence of growth substance stimulation enhance this chance.

Brompton cuttings have medium power to survive, whereas Myrobalan B cuttings have only low, so that they are liable to succumb when conditions are adverse. The survival factor may contribute considerably towards the rooting gradient and must be distinguished from inherent rooting capacity.

When the rooting of non-etiolated cuttings is satisfactory the relative disparity of hedge compared with layer cuttings diminishes, and hedge culture is highly favoured for supplying cuttings.

Elevation of hitherto shy-rooting varieties to high levels depends upon further adjustment both of growth substance treatment and subsequent environment.