Spacing Experiments on Vegetables III. The Growth and Yield of Shallots in Relation to Spacing,Manuring and Size of Planting Material,in Cheshire, 1948

Three varieties of plum were inoculated with the three viruses, plum line pattern (apple mosaic), prune dwarf and plum bark split, either singly or in combinations of line pattern with each of the others. Bark lesions developed more rapidly on Cambridge Gage trees infected with bark split virus alone than on those infected also with line pattern virus. Symptoms characteristic of line pattern virus on trees of Cambridge Gage, Early Laxton and Italian Prune were not affected by infection with the bark split virus, but were suppressed by the prune dwarf isolate. This suppression was apparently due to the presence of a mild strain of line pattern virus contaminating the prune dwarf inoculum.

The occurrence of antagonistic strains of line pattern virus, differing in virulence, precludes any precise definition of diagnostic symptoms.     

山葡萄不同株行距和架式对果实品质和产量的影响

以新品种‘北冰红’、品系‘2001-1-135'和‘98-8-165’为试材,研究了株距0.5、0.75、1.0、1.5m,行距2.5、3.0m,不同株行距和架式组合试验对葡萄品质和产量的影响.结果表明:篱架株行距(0.5～0.75)m×2.5m和小棚架0.5m×3.0m,建园密度大,通风透光差,植株感霜霉病害较重,导致第2年植株萌芽率和坐果率低而大幅度减产.小棚架株行距1.0m×3.0m单株保留2个主蔓和1.5m×3.0m单株保留3个主蔓,分别需5a和6a进入盛果期,表现植株感染霜霉病轻、坐果率、果实含糖高、产量低.株行距0.75 m×3.0m单株保留1个主蔓的小棚架,始花期早,4a生树可进入盛果期,表现产量最高,果实品质好,1.0m×2.5m单株保留2个主蔓的篱架产量较高,这2种架式和株行距表现试验当年和试验第2年稳产.通过试验结果确定,新品种‘北冰红’、品系‘2001-1-135'和‘98-8-165'建园适宜的株行距和架式是:0.75m×3.0m的小棚架和1.0m×2.5m的篱架.     

Effects of Spacing on Flower and Bulb Yield in the Narcissus

A study was made of the effects of plant density, plant arrangement and row orientation on the yield of bulbs and flowers from small offsets of narcissus var. King Alfred left in the ground for 2 years. Over the density range of 2–14 plants per sq. ft., flower number increased from 2 to 12 per sq. ft. and stem length increased from 29 to 35 cm. Total bulb yield per unit area increased with density from 171 to 696 gm. per sq. ft.; the weights in each of four commercial bulb grades also increased. When the ratio of the between-row distance to the within-row distance was increased, bulb yield declined in E-W rows, but not in the N-S rows.     

播期、密度与施肥对萝卜产量及商品性状的影响

采用正交试验设计,研究了播期、密度、施肥水平对重庆三峡农业科学研究所选育的萝卜新品种万萝一号产量和商品性状的影响,结果表明,最佳栽培组合为播期8月20日、株行距30cm×45cm、施用基肥+2次追肥+1次根外追肥。     

不同株距对紫甘薯“内渝紫2号”生长和产量性状的影响

为确定紫甘薯新品种“内渝紫2号”最佳种植株距,为新品种的示范推广提供技术依据,设置5种不同株距(20、25、30、35、40cm),对不同株距条件下紫甘薯“内渝紫2号”的植株性状、产量性状进行调查分析。结果表明：加大株距有利于提高茎蔓长度、分枝数、单株结薯数、单株鲜薯质量和大中薯比例;在30～40 cm范围内,缩小株距,有利于提高鲜薯产量、茎叶产量和薯干产量;30 cm株距时鲜薯产量和薯干产量最高,667 m²产量分别为1 722.67 kg和480.63 kg。综合考虑,建议“内渝紫2号”栽培株距为30 cm,可获得较为理想的鲜薯产量。     

不同种植模式对香瓜产量、品质与效益的影响

开展以桂北香瓜传统的窄畦单行种植模式作对照,与改进型宽畦双行种植模式进行比较的试验。试验结果表明,宽畦双行种植模式比对照的传统窄畦单行模式增产38.0%,667 m~2纯收入增加3 353.1元,效益提高66.4%,差异极显著;每株平均结瓜数、平均单瓜质量、单株产量、折光糖含量、果肉厚度低于对照,但差异不明显,2种模式的果形指数也无明显差异,说明宽畦双行种植模式既提高了香瓜产量又保持了香瓜原有品质风味,是一种能兼容产量和品质的理想模式,可在当地香瓜生产上应用和推广。     

The Effects of Plant Form and Planting Density on Glasshouse Tomato Cropping

Small roots obtained by close spacing or late sowing showed a lower incidence of canker than large roots. March and April sowings always gave the largest marketable weight and a spacing in the row of 5 inches resulted in the production of roots which were not too big for market purposes. Only in one season was there an increase in marketable weight by leaving the roots in the ground until January or February. The incidence of canker was directly correlated with high summer rainfall.     

The Effects of Plant Density and The Pattern of Plant Arrangement on The Yield of Parsnips

The results of two spacing experiments, one with var. Offenham only and the other with vars. Offenham and Avonresister, are described and discussed.

The number of plants per sq. ft. affected mean root size; about 2 plants per sq. ft. gave the highest yield of roots >2 in. crown diameter, whereas about 4 to 6 plants per sq. ft. gave the highest yield of prepackingsized roots (1½ in. to 2½ in.). At a given plant density, however, varying the row spacing over a range likely to be used commercially had no significant effect on the total yield of roots or their size grading.

The greatest difference in the yielding ability of the two varieties occurred at low plant densities, where Offenham outyielded Avonresister by up to 88%, whereas at high plant densities the yield difference was only about 10%. A mathematical model relating yield to plant density was used to analyse the results and characterize the difference in the response of the two varieties to plant density.     

不同种植密度对秋植甜玉米生长与产量的影响

在永州地区气候条件下,在肥力中等的土壤上进行秋甜玉米生产,进行不同种植密度的比较试验。试验结果表明,以甜玉米品种绿色超人为例,按(80+70)cm×30 cm或(80+60)cm×30 cm规格种植,既丰产又优质,增效显著。     

The Effects of Different Manurial Treatments on the Yield and Mineral Composition of Runner Beans (Phaseolus Multiflorus)

The effects of farmyard manure (FYM), peat, and fertilizers applied in 1957 on the yield and mineral composition of runner beans grown in 1957 and 1958 are described. The residual effects of the organic matter treatments were compared with the effects of further applications of fertilizers in 1959 and i960. No fertilizer was applied in 1958.

In the year of application, FYM produced more than twice the yield of bean pods than did a generous application of fertilizers, but in succeeding years the difference decreased and had disappeared by i960. Peat had a much smaller effect on yield than FYM, both in the presence and in the absence of fertilizers, and by 1959 its residual effect was negligible. Possible reasons for the difference between the yield responses to applications of FYM and peat are discussed.

The results of chemical analyses of whole plants (1957) and of leaves (1958-60) did not indicate any major nutrient deficiency in the plants from the fertilizer-only plots, as compared with those from the FYM-treated plots, such as might account for the observed yield differences.

The manurial treatments had relatively little differential effect on the nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium contents of the bean leaves but had a large effect on their potassium and magnesium contents. In the bean pods, only the concentration of potassium was markedly affected by the manurial treatments. While there was a negative K/Mg interaction in the leaves, this was not found in the pods, in which the concentration of magnesium was virtually constant.

Runner bean leaves were found to contain more magnesium than many other vegetable materials, but the amount in the pods was much lower than that in the leaves, with the result that the amount of magnesium removed by this crop was similar to that removed by other vegetables.     

不同播期、种植密度及整枝方式对黄秋葵产量的影响

为在甘肃庆阳地区推广种植黄秋葵,在塑料大棚内进行了4个播期(A)、2个种植密度(B)、2种整枝方式(C)对黄秋葵生长及产量影响的试验。试验结果表明,影响黄秋葵产量的关键因素是播期,其次是种植密度,整枝方式对产量影响不大,最优组合是A2B1C2,即播期3月30日、株行距30 cm×50 cm、不整枝,以及A1B1C1,即播期3月15日、株行距30 cm×50 cm、单秆整枝。     

不同栽培密度对生姜产量、品质的影响

为推动凯里市生姜产业发展,开展了生姜适宜栽培密度探讨研究。试验结果表明,生姜行距不宜低于50 cm,否则不利于培土,密度以调整株距为宜;生姜适宜的种植密度为8000株/667 m2,此密度下生姜产量高,产品品质优、商品性好;生姜不宜连作,连作病虫害严重,且随着栽培密度的增加而加重。     

密度和行距配置对色素辣椒光合特性及产量的影响

以色素辣椒‘0409’为试材,采用裂区试验设计,设置不同种植密度(82 500、67 500、52 500株·hm-2)不同行距配置(70cm+50cm、60cm+60cm、80cm+40cm),研究密度和行距配置对色素辣椒光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明:密度和行距配置均显著影响色素辣椒产量。随着种植密度的增加,叶面积指数和群体干物质积累均增加,而功能叶的光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)逐渐减小,青果数和落果率增加,单株商品果数减少,但是较高的有效公顷株数足以弥补它的劣势,所以密度为82 500株·hm-2时产量最高,平均为7 201.40kg·hm-2;同一密度下不同行距配置时大小行种植比等行距更有利于获得高产,在3个密度下80cm+40cm行距配置的叶面积指数、群体干物质积累、功能叶的Pn、Gs和Tr以及单株商品果数均高于其它2个行距配置,产量为最高。因此,82 500株·hm-2种植密度、80cm+40cm行距配置为色素辣椒最佳栽培方式,群体增产潜力最大。     

栽培密度对籽用南瓜经济性状及产量的影响

2010～2011年研究了3种种植密度对籽用南瓜"银辉2号"经济产量的影响。结果表明:不同种植密度对种子产量有显著影响;密度过大,田间出现徒长、叶柄脆、易折;白粉病害加重、烂果率提高、坐果指数下降;15 000株/hm2是最适宜的种植密度,产值最大,成本收益率最高。     

不同种植密度对节瓜生长及产量的影响

为探索适合于江门地区绿肉节瓜高产栽培的最适间距,选取江玉11号节瓜品种进行行距为60 cm,株距分别为35、45、55 cm的种植密度试验。结果表明,行距60 cm,春季株距35 cm,秋季株距45 cm,为江玉11号节瓜最适间距。     

种植密度对设施小型西瓜光合特性、产量和品质的影响

以金玉玲珑和大果春红玉为材料,研究不同种植密度对设施小型西瓜生长、光合特性、产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明,随种植密度增加,金玉玲珑和大果春红玉生育期均较对照略有推迟,叶绿素相对含量、净光合作用、氮含量、单瓜质量、中心糖含量、边糖含量均显著下降;产量随种植密度增加呈先升后降趋势,均在20 000株/hm2处理达到最大值,分别为45 036.8、50 807.9 kg/hm2。金玉玲珑和大果春红玉的适宜种植密度为20 000株/hm2。     

栽植密度对人参果大小及产量的影响

为探索人参果不同栽植密度对产量和单果重的影响，进行了不同栽植密度试验，取得了理想的效果，为实现优质、高产、高效益提供了最佳栽植密度。     

大葱伴生栽培对日光温室连作番茄生长、产量和光合特性的影响

为了研究大葱伴生栽培对日光温室连作番茄植株生长、产量和光合参数的影响,以大葱和番茄为研究对象,测定了番茄植株的株高、茎粗、叶片数、节间长、产量及光合参数。研究结果表明,大葱伴生栽培不改变番茄植株叶片数,但能有效增加番茄株高、茎粗和节间长,且植株长势旺盛;净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均明显高于对照处理,且大葱伴生番茄植株的净光合速率与对照处理差异显著。     

The Residual Effects of Nitrogen,Calcium and Soil Management Treatments on Yield,Fruit Size and Composition of Citrus

A long-term field experiment testing the effects of 4 soil management treatments and 4 levels of ammonium sulphate on Washington Navel and Late Valencia oranges, budded on rough lemon or sweet orange rootstocks, was terminated in 1965. At this stage the difference in crop yield between the worst and best treatments was about 150%; average annual yields for the 4-year period 1962–65 varied from 18.3 to 46.2 t/ha according to treatment. After 1965 remedial N and Ca treatments were applied to restore the experimental area to a uniformly high level of productivity.

For the 2-year period 1968–69, average annual yields from plots previously receiving the 4 ammonium sulphate treatments varied from 39.1 to 44.6 t/ha; uniformity in terms of yield had thus largely been achieved. Slightly less success, however, was achieved in terms of fruit quality.

Lime, applied to counteract soil acidity induced by the previous ammonium sulphate treatments, produced greater responses on tilled plots than on non-tilled plots. The smaller response to lime on non-tilled plots was largely due to citrus roots being close to the surface and able to absorb applied fertilizer P before fixation could occur.

Some trees, receiving a bare-surface chemical weed control treatment and no N since 1947, were in severe decline in 1965 ; however, they were restored rapidly to full vigour by a midwinter application of 255 kg N/ha in 1966. Furthermore, these trees produced high yields in 1968 when the rest of the orchard was in an ‘off’ year, thereby suggesting that suitable annual adjustments to levels of applied N could be a means of limiting or controlling biennial bearing.

Soil management treatments had no significant effect on the size distribution of the fruit, but the nil and highest N treatments, applied until 1965, had an adverse effect on the size grade (63–75 mm diam.) preferred commercially.     

不同株距处理对辣椒产量构成因素及产量的影响

通过对4个不同株距处理下辣椒总结果数、平均单果质量、前期产量和总产量的分析得出,随着株距的减小,辣椒总结果数逐渐增加,而平均单果质量逐渐下降,前期产量和总产量呈单峰曲线,最适宜的定植株距为40 cm。