大白菜抗根肿病近等基因系的分子标记辅助选育

以具有抗根肿病基因CRb的大白菜‘CR Shinkii DH’系为抗源,通过分子标记辅助选择选育出大白菜优良自交系‘BJN3’的9份抗根肿病近等基因系。通过CRb基因侧翼标记TCR01和TCR09的前景选择,以及51个SSR标记的基因组背景选择,筛选出‘BJN3’基因组含量为98%的10株纯合抗性BC3F2个体。苗期的根肿病接菌试验证明这些BC3F2植株均表现出抗性。从10株纯合抗性BC3F2个体自交后代中,筛选出全部恢复‘BJN3’基因组的9株近等基因系。这些近等基因系的结球相关性状与‘BJN3’无显著差异。     

Evaluation of F1 and BC1 hybrids of Lilium lancifolium × Asiatic hybrid ‘Chianti’ by morphological analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization

Lilium lancifolium Thunb. exhibits wide genetic diversity and numerous genetic traits within progeny populations. Parent morphology affects the distribution and assortment of progeny phenotypes. In this study, morphological analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were conducted for cross progeny (F1 and BC1). Results showed that F1-1 hybrids had greater plant height than the parents; however, backcross progeny plant height (group 1) was low. Leaf number in both groups was considerably low in F1 hybrid, although high in backcrossed plants. Flower number and days to flower opening were intermediate to those of the parents for F1 hybrids, yet low in BC1 progeny. In group 1, backcross progeny showed small bulb length; however, group 2 progeny showed large bulb length. Positive and negative correlations between the phenotypic traits of parents and progeny confirmed significant variations. According to FISH results, F1-1 and F1-2 hybrids distinctly exhibited nine and eight 45S rDNA loci which were same in position with 45S loci of the parents. In backcross progeny, eight 45S rDNA signals were detected in four BC1 progeny of group 1, while 10 signals were observed in all group 2 progeny, same with the L. lancifolium karyotype. Morphological analysis and FISH helped in scrutinising progeny to obtain hybrids with desirable characteristics.     

辣椒抗根结线虫基因Me3的精细定位

 以含Me3基因的抗根结线虫辣椒自交系‘HDA149’为父本,感根结线虫辣椒自交系‘8214’为母本,构建了一个2 133株的F2作图群体。采用群体分离分析法（Bulked Segregant Analysis,BSA）,构建抗、感病两个DNA池,对由两亲本筛选出来的285对引物进行扩增分析,发现引物SSCP_B322和EPMS658在抗、感池间具有稳定的多态性。继续用这两对引物对F2单株进行扩增,以JoinMap 3.0软件分析发现SSCP_B322和EPMS658标记位于Me3基因两侧,遗传图距分别为0.56 cM和1.33 cM。运用回交群体BC1和F3群体验证实了这两个标记,可有效用于辣椒抗线虫分子标记辅助育种,也为图位克隆Me3基因奠定了基础。     

早实核桃不同品种抗寒性综合评价

以9个早实核桃品种新梢为试材,采用人工模拟低温环境的方法对其进行低温胁迫,测定各品种叶片的相对电导率、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD)、过氧化物酶（POD)和过氧化氢酶（CAT)活性,以核桃叶片各项指标的抗寒系数作为衡量抗寒性的指标,利用主成分分析、隶属函数和聚类分析对早实核桃品种的抗寒性进行综合评价。其强弱排序为：辽宁4号 > 强特勒 > 扎343 > 香玲 > 西林2号 > 西扶2号 > 西林3号 > 辽宁3号 > 鲁光。辽宁4号和强特勒抗寒性最强;扎343、香玲和西林2号抗寒性中等;西扶2号、西林3号、辽宁3号和鲁光抗寒性最弱。综合评价结果与低温胁迫后新梢形态特征观察结果基本一致。     

5–氮杂胞苷对白菜幼苗DNA 甲基化和耐热性的影响

 研究了不同浓度5–氮杂胞苷（5-azaC）处理白菜‘夏帝’和‘冬赏味’品种的种子,对其幼苗甲基化和耐热性的影响。结果表明：不同浓度5-azaC 溶液处理可显著降低幼苗DNA 甲基化水平,植株形态发育未见异常。0.1 ~ 0.2 mol · L^-1 5-azaC 处理可减缓幼苗在高温胁迫下的生长量、POD 活性和蛋白质含量的降低幅度,同时降低MDA 含量和细胞膜透性。     

Genetics of resistant to tomato yellow leaf curl virus in tomato

The genetics of resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) were studied in TYLCV-resistant lines developed by crossing wild species of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, L. hirsutum and L. peruvianum resistant to TYLCV with susceptible L. esculentum cv. Special Back. Crosses between TYLCV-resistant lines derived from the same wild species produced progenies similar to their parents in their level of resistance. However, progenies from interspecific crosses showed greater resistance than either parent suggesting that the genes for TYLCV resistance contributed by different wild species are probably not the same (non-allelic). The gene action for TYLCV resistance also varied with the source of resistance. Analysis of F₁, F₂ and BC populations for lines derived from L. pimpinellifolium showed that resistance to TYLCV in these lines is a quantitative trait with some dominance.     

青花菜与甘蓝近缘野生种‘B2013’杂交后代对根肿病抗性的遗传分析

以高感根肿病的青花菜自交系‘93219’和高抗根肿病的甘蓝近缘野生种（Brassica macrocarpa Guss.）自交系‘B2013’为亲本配制的6个联合世代（P1、P2、F1、BC1、BC2和F2）群体为试材,采用主基因 + 多基因混合遗传模型对根肿病抗性进行了遗传分析。结果表明：青花菜 × 甘蓝近缘野生种‘B2013’后代对根肿病抗性的最适遗传模型为B-1模型,即由两对加性―显性―上位性主基因控制。BC1、BC2和F2世代主基因遗传率分别为81.22%、78.36%和80.00%,遗传变异平均值占表型变异的79.86%,环境变异平均值占表型变异的20.14%,表明抗病性以主基因遗传为主,同时受环境影响较大,应在早期世代进行选择,BC1、F2世代主基因选择效率较高。     

黄瓜黑斑病抗性遗传分析

摘要：以感黑斑病自交系L63和抗黑斑病自交系L9为亲本建立了6个世代联合群体（P1、P2、F1、BC15、BC1R、F2）,采用植物数量性状主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型对群体的黑斑病抗性进行多世代联合分析。结果表明,黄瓜抗黑斑病性状符合D-2遗传模型,受1对加性主基因＋加性一显性多基因控制;BC15、BC1R、F2的主基因遗传率分别为60．23％、60．23％、75．18％,多基因遗传率均为0。说明控制黄瓜黑斑病的抗性为主基因遗传,并且遗传稳定,环境方差占表型方差的比例大于24．82％、小于39．77％,也受到外界环境的影响。     

番茄杂交及回交后代耐冷性分析

以番茄耐冷品系与冷敏感品系为亲本配制成杂种F1代、F2代、回交一代（BC1）及回交二代（BC2），以低温胁迫处理后的胚根生长抑制度和组织伤害率为指标对杂交及回交后代种子发芽期和植株开花期的耐冷性进行了鉴定。结果表明经耐冷性选择的F2与未经选择的F2相比耐冷性明显提高。在BC1群体中分别选择耐冷株和冷敏感株回交得到的BC2的耐冷性存在显著差异。     

花椰菜—黑芥体细胞杂交获得抗黑腐病异附加系新材料

 以花椰菜—黑芥体细胞杂种的自交及回交后代为材料,建立了结合抗病性人工接种鉴定,流式细胞仪DNA含量分析,B基因组特异分子标记和染色体原位杂交的大规模群体分析技术,在50份高代自交及回交材料中筛选获得了20份形态学特征偏向花椰菜,30份呈花椰菜—黑芥中间类型的材料。细胞DNA含量检测（FLC）及染色体计数结果表明,偏花椰菜的类型,DNA含量基本在2.24 pg · cell^-1以下,染色体数在28条以下。经连续3年黑腐病病菌人工接种鉴定,获得高抗株系12个,抗性株系17个,占全部受试材料的14%。对其中3个（PFCN29 BC3-3-5、PFCN16-1 S2BC3-107和PFCN14-1 S1BC4-123）形态偏花椰菜且高抗黑腐病的植株进行基因组原位杂交,结果显示其分别为花椰菜染色体组附加了2、7和8条黑芥染色体的异附加系材料。这些植株可以用于后续的研究和作为育种桥梁材料,进一步获得黑腐病抗性的单体附加系或渐渗系。本研究表明通过体细胞杂交转育野生优异抗性资源,创新甘蓝类蔬菜育种种质的可行性。     

Spacing Experiments on Vegetables: II. The Effect of the Thinning Distance on the Yields of Globe Beet,Long Beet,Carrots and Parsnips Grown at a Standard Inter-Row Distance in Cheshire, 1948

Crosses were made in all possible combinations, between winter cauliflower varieties Tinribs and Cambridge Dwarf April, summer cauliflower variety Cambridge 5 and autumn cauliflower variety Majestic. When sown at their normal times these types mature in December, March, June, and September respectively. Data on the maturity periods for parents and Fi and F2 progenies were obtained in the form of accumulated day-degrees.

When all parents and progenies were sown at a date near to the normal sowing date for autumn and winter cauliflowers, the F, and F2 generations showed a continuous range in maturity periods between those of the parents and, although the F2 range was generally greater than that of its corresponding Fi, it did not exceed the parental extremes. When the sowing date was near that for summer cauliflowers, the Fi and F2 progenies of crosses which had Cambridge 5 as one parent matured almost as early as Cambridge 5, and the range of maturity was greatly restricted.

The annual habit of the summer and autumn types was considered to be partially dominant to the biennial habit of the winter types, and time of maturity was considered to be under polygenic control.

Possible improvement of the autumn cauliflower type by making crosses between summer and winter cauliflowers is discussed.     

甜瓜高代自交系4G21抗蔓枯病基因的分子定位

以甜瓜杂交组合4G21 × 3A832的F1、F3家系、BCs和BCr及其双亲为材料,分析了甜瓜蔓枯病抗源4G21的抗性遗传规律。结果表明：F1抗性水平低于抗病亲本,说明抗病基因在F1表现为不完全显性;BCs抗感分离比为1∶1,F3家系抗感分离比为3∶1,说明抗源4G21对蔓枯病的抗性由一对不完全显性基因控制。将该基因命名为Sb-x,定位于甜瓜基因组分子图谱LG1连锁群上,与其两侧的SRAP标记位点me45em42-4、me45em2-3、me45em2-4和me3em42-4、me3em42-3紧密连锁,其遗传距离分别为2 cM和3 cM。     

Nematostatic activity of root extracts of banana (Musa spp.) genotypes as pre-infectional resistance mechanism against the burrowing nematode,Radopholus similis

Burrowing nematode (Radapholus similis) is a major threat to banana (Musa spp.) production throughout the world. All commercial banana cultivars are lacking of R. similis resistance. The conferred resistance available in non-commercial banana genotypes opens ways to develop new hybrids with R. similis resistance by conventional or molecular-breeding techniques. Understanding the mechanism of resistance is the primary step that can provide Musa breeders and molecular biologists with the necessary principles to create nematode-resistant plants. Phenols and lignin have been ascribed as post-infectional resistant mechanism in banana. However, information on anti-nematode compounds that are presented in resistant banana plants before challenge by R. similis is limited. Therefore, the roots of some resistant/tolerant genotypes were tested for anti-nematode bioactivity by root amendment study. The root homogenates of resistant/tolerant genotypes (Yankambi km-5 (YKM-5), Pisang Lilin, Pisang Jaribuaya, Rose, Matti, Hatidat, Veneettu Kunnan, Then kunnan, Manoranjitham, Anaikomban, Agneeswar, Pisang Mas, Gros Michel, Williams, Red Banana (Mutant), Green Red and Tongat) inhibited the infectivity of R. similis on susceptible Musa cv. Grand Nain (AAA). To confirm their bio-activity, R. similis was exposed directly to the root extracts (water, methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) of the resistant/tolerant genotypes. Methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane root extracts of the resistant/tolerant genotypes affected the mobility of R. similis. Results confirmed that roots of resistant/tolerant plants have pre-infectional nematostatic compounds to resist R. similis. Further bio-assay-guided fractionation, isolation and identification of nematostatic compound from methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane root extracts of YKM-5 was attempted. The compounds N´- (3,6-dichloro-2,7-bis (2-(diethylamino) ethoxy) dodecahydro ? 9H-fluoren-9-ylidene) pivalohydrazide isolated from methanol root extract; methyl 9,12-dimethylheptadecanoate isolated from ethyl acetate extract and; 1-isopropyl-2-propyldisulfane isolated from n-hexane extract were found to have nematostatic effect on R. similis. Further effort to validate that the production of these compounds contributes to resistance against R. similis in Musa germplasm would yield concrete markers for nematode resistance breeding programs.     

番茄晚疫病抗性遗传规律研究

采用抗病品系‘CLN2037’和感病品系‘236’、‘238’为试材,通过田间抗感杂交、回交,于真叶期接种番茄晚疫病菌生理小种T1,2,鉴定子代的抗病性分离情况。结果表明:品系‘CLN2037’对番茄晚疫病的抗病性为单基因部分显性遗传。     

黄瓜MADS-box基因家族生物信息学分析及CsMADS-box AGL62的克隆

分别以全雌系D1104-2-4、强雌系D1158♀-2、雌雄异花同株D0528-2为母本,与1个雌雄异花同株父本D0708-2杂交获得杂种一代,调查开花初期、根瓜期、盛果期3个时期雌性相关农艺性状,筛选出差异显著的组合进行转录组测序分析进而分析黄瓜杂交组合间MADS-box家族的差异基因。结果表明:以全雌系D1104-2-4为母本的杂种一代C15-114在雌花数、雌花节率上均具有超亲优势,3个杂交组合F1均具有早熟的中亲优势。转录组分析结果发现,以全雌系D1104-2-4为母本的杂种一代基因表达情况显著的偏向母本,挑选的37个黄瓜MADS-box家族基因只有6个与母本有表达差异,17个与父本有表达差异。生物信息学分析并命名了1个差异最显著的基因Cs MADS-box AGL62,该基因全长745 bp,编码187个氨基酸,编码的蛋白属于线粒体中不稳定的亲水性跨膜蛋白,NCBI比对结果表明该蛋白是1个转录因子,系统进化分析发现其与甜瓜中AGL62同源性最高,在黄瓜中该蛋白和其他黄瓜AGL62亚型属于同一分支并且属于I型。     

大白菜抗根肿病遗传规律初探

从国外引进的抗根肿病大白菜杂交种中分离出大白菜抗根肿病自交系48个,并利用抗病自交系9617CR80-2-1和感病自交系华白2-3-196-954-1-85-1的F1、F2及BC1,对大白菜抗根肿病遗传规律进行了初步研究,确认大白菜根肿病遗传由一对显性基因控制。     

胞质雄性不育性在叶用芥菜上的利用

以从美国威斯康星大学引进的叶用芥菜胞质雄性不育系叶用4-4为母本,以泰国清迈大学选育出的8个优良叶用芥菜品种为转育父本,杂交后连续回交4代(BC4),再将BC4与优良叶用芥菜品种40R2-3-4配制8个杂交组合,其中2个组合(4-4 × 19-H-12)×40R2-3-4和(4-4 × 2R2)×40R2-3-4结球率为100％,产量比商用品种分别高34％和13％,比其亲本分别高25％和5％。     

Evaluation of new rootstocks for resistance to soil-borne pathogens and productive behaviour of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Summary

An evaluation of five rootstocks for pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was carried out over a 3-year period on three farms in Campania (Italy). Pepper is very susceptible to soil-borne pathogens, especially Phytophthora capsici, Verticillium dahliae and Meloidogyne spp. (root-knot nematode). The lack of resistant hybrids and of crop rotation, and the longterm survival of propagules of the pathogen, have increased the risk of damage that so far has been controlled by pre-planting soil treatment with methyl bromide. The use of pepper grafted onto rootstocks resistant to the main soil-borne pathogens is not undertaken commercially in Italy because the available rootstocks are unsatisfactory. P. capsici, V. dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani and M. incognita have been detected on farms where the new rootstocks were tested. Trials were performed on the same sites for 2 or 3 years in order to provide favourable conditions for parasites. Two rootstocks, ‘Graffito’ and ‘Gc 1002’, were found to be resistant to P. capsici. In the presence of an early, high population density of M. incognita, ‘Graffito’ showed good tolerance, while ‘Gc 1002’ was susceptible to the root-knot nematode. In addition, both rootstocks showed good compatibility with the different scions tested and did not decrease vegetative growth, fruit yield or the size of the scions. In contrast, in the presence of V. dahliae, F. oxysporum and F. solani, none of the rootstocks tested was sufficiently resistant to vascular or crown and root rot damage.     

长豇豆锈病抗性遗传研究

利用４个不同抗性水平的长豇豆品种，配制杂交组合，采用成株期田间自然发病鉴定Ｆ１、Ｆ２、Ｂ１Ｃ１、Ｂ１Ｃ２杂种抗性的方法，研究了长豇豆抗锈病的遗传。结果表明，抗病品种白荚和紫荚对锈病的抗性各受一个显性基因控制。     

甘蓝枯萎病抗源材料筛选及抗性遗传研究

 利用采自北京延庆的甘蓝枯萎病病原FGL③-6对117份甘蓝自交系材料进行抗性鉴定,共获得47份抗病材料,其中高抗材料37份。对其抗性表现与地理来源、球型及叶色的关系进行分析,发现高抗材料主要由来自日本、韩国、俄罗斯和荷兰的种质资源中选出;扁球型和叶色灰绿的自交系中抗病材料比例高,而尖球类型中未发现抗病材料。通过苗期人工接种重复鉴定和田间鉴定,筛选出5份既抗枯萎病又具有优良经济性状的抗源材料。21份材料对延庆菌株FGL③-6和美国甘蓝枯萎病1号小种FOAM对比接种试验的结果显示,相同材料对二者抗性表现基本一致,认为引起延庆的甘蓝枯萎病原很可能为1号小种;对美国甘蓝枯萎病2号小种的初步研究表明,2号小种有更强的致病力。以延庆菌株FGL③-6为供试菌株,用8个抗病 × 感病甘蓝杂交组合和其中两个杂交组合的F2及回交一代作试材,初步研究了甘蓝对枯萎病抗性的遗传规律,结果表明,甘蓝对延庆枯萎病菌株的抗性为显性单基因遗传。