钼锌与不同肥料配施对大白菜硝酸盐积累及品质的影响

采用小区试验方法,研究了钼锌与不同肥料配施对大白菜硝酸盐积累及品质的影响。结果表明:添加了钼肥能明显降低大白菜中硝酸盐的含量,单施钼肥对降低硝酸盐的积累最有利;钼锌与不同肥料配施还可以促进白菜生长发育、改善品质及提高产量;钼锌与复合生物肥配施对VC、铁、蛋白质、可溶性糖及叶绿素含量的提高显著;在大白菜种植中最好是施用复合生物肥并根外追施钼锌等微肥。     

锦橙的营养特性与施肥技术

通过多年的田间与盆栽试验，探讨了锦橙营养特性与平衡施肥的关系，植株在年周期中的营养变化规律及３个营养关键期；对种植于不同土壤母质上的３种砧木锦橙进行了缺素症状观察及诱因分析；探讨了紫色土锦橙的矿质营养；提出了适宜的施肥量与营养元素比例。     

钼锰对不结球白菜硝酸还原酶活性及主要营养品质的影响

采用叶面喷施、根部施用、叶面喷施与根部施用相结合的3种处理方式,研究了钼、锰对不结球 白菜硝酸还原酶活性、硝酸盐含量及营养品质的影响。结果表明,钼能够显著提高不结球白菜的硝酸还 原酶活性,使其硝酸盐含量显著降低;锰对不结球白菜硝酸还原酶活性的影响不明显,但可以显著降低其 硝酸盐含量。钼和锰均可提高不结球白菜可溶性糖和VC含量。与单施钼、锰相比,钼锰配施对降低不结 球白菜硝酸盐含量、提高其可溶性糖和VC含量效果更明显。     

钼对小白菜叶色、营养品质及硝酸盐含量的影响

以小白菜（五月慢）为供试材料,采用盆栽的方法,研究施钼水平对小白菜叶色、营养品质及硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明,施钼能够促进小白菜生长,提高其产量;施钼可以提高小白菜叶绿素含量,使叶色更为浓绿;施钼显著增加了小白菜钼、抗坏血酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、部分人体必需氨基酸及非必需氨基酸的含量,改善其营养品质;施钼能够显著降低小白菜硝酸盐含量,在一定程度上提高了小白菜的食用安全性;本试验中,钼水平以0.300 mg·kg^-1效果最好。     

赣南不同土壤类型脐橙园叶片营养状况研究

从赣州市10个县(市、区)的沙质红壤、黏性红壤、紫色土和黄壤等131个枳砧纽荷尔脐橙园采样测定叶片营养元素含量,分析营养丰缺状况。结果显示,赣南脐橙园普遍存在叶片氮、钾偏高而镁、锌不足的问题。土壤类型对叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁和锰含量有显著(P<0.05)影响:沙质红壤果园磷、铁更为丰富;黏性红壤果园氮含量最高,钾的过量程度和镁的缺乏程度都最轻;黄壤果园磷更丰富,钙更缺乏,锰最容易过量;紫色土果园氮、磷含量最低,钾易过量,钙较丰富,镁最缺乏,有部分pH值较高的果园植株缺铁。叶片硫、锌、铜、硼和钼在不同土壤类型的果园间差异不显著(P>0.05),但有相当比例的脐橙园叶片缺铜,少量果园叶片缺硼,大多数果园叶片硫含量适宜,所有果园叶片钼含量适宜。     

米良1号猕猴桃营养期主要矿质元素分配、吸收特性研究

以5～8年生米良1号猕猴桃雌株为试材,连续2年对其营养期根、茎、叶、果中主要矿质元素Ca、Mg、K、Zn、Mn、Na、Cu等的分配、吸收特性进行了研究。结果表明,米良1号猕猴桃叶片中的钙含量处于正常范围的下限,虽然根中的钙含量较高,而果实中的钙含量却一直维持在较低的水平;果实对钾的吸收则刚好与钙相反,果实中的钾含量列根、茎、叶之首;镁和锰在各器官中的分布及变化相似,叶中含量最高且都处于适量范围,其他部位含量变化不大;锌和钠除根中的含量在个别月份稍高外,其他部位的锌、钠含量在营养期几乎没有变化;根、茎、叶、果中铜的含量在4～9月间呈S曲线变化。     

赣南纽荷尔脐橙叶片微量元素含量状况

为了解赣南产区纽荷尔脐橙叶片黄化原因,2008年对赣南9个县（市、区）121个脐橙园脐橙叶片微量元素进行了分析。结果表明,叶片Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、B和Mo的含量分别为（127.90 ± 21.15）、（115.79 ± 136.72）、（16.50 ± 4.05）、（8.42 ± 9.32）、（81.88 ± 33.72）和（0.36 ± 0.14）mg · kg-1;在各脐橙园中,叶片Mo、Fe、Mn、B、Cu和Zn含量处于适量及以上水平的分别占100%、99.17%、90.91%、92.56%、62.81%和4.96%,叶片Fe、Mn、B、Cu和Zn含量处于低量水平的分别占0.83%、7.44%、7.44%、29.75%和23.97%,处于缺乏水平的仅有Mn、Cu和Zn,分别占1.65%、7.44%和71.07%。表明赣南产区脐橙叶片普遍无Mo、Fe、Mn和B缺乏问题,部分产区脐橙叶片Cu含量偏低,大多数脐橙叶片的Zn含量处于缺乏水平,生产上需要重视补充Zn肥,适量补充Cu肥。     

施肥对菜薹硝酸盐含量的影响

在深圳市 6个蔬菜生产场抽样调查结果表明 ,菜薹硝酸盐含量在 3 0 0 0mg·kg-1以上。采用生物菌肥部分或全部取代复合肥 ,可使硝酸盐含量下降 2 5 %和 40 % ,在采收前第 7天叶面喷施锰、钼、锌及其混合微肥 ,硝酸盐下降 35 %、2 1%、12 %和 39% ,生物菌肥和微肥配合使用 ,可使硝酸盐下降 5 5 %～ 6 7%。同一菜薹品种处理中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐呈极显著负相关 (r=- 0 .783 4,P =0 .0 1,n =13)。     

Essential and non-essential element composition of tomato plants fertilized with poultry manure

Poultry manure (PM) must be disposed of from poultry farms, but is a potentially valuable source of macro- and micronutrients for plant growth. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of poultry manure on the growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants. Yields of fruits and vegetative material of plants grown in soil with 0, 10, 20 and 40 g kg⁻¹ PM added were measured. Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo, Cl, Si, Br, Rb, Sr and Ba in leaves at flowering and at final harvest and in fruits were determined by polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (PEDXRF). Poultry manure fertilization improved tomato shoot growth and also fruit yield and increased leaf N concentrations at the harvest stage. In addition, P concentrations of the leaves and fruits were increased as the application rate of PM was increased. Fruit Ca and Mg were significantly reduced by increased rate of PM application, but not to the extent to cause the calcium deficiency disorder blossom end rot. Applied high levels of PM slightly increased the concentrations of leaf Mo and Br at the harvest stage. Poultry manure applications had a positive effect on the concentrations of leaf Zn, Cu, Cl and Rb at both sampling stages, but leaf Si concentration was reduced by PM treatments. The concentrations of Zn and Rb were increased in the fruits by PM treatments, but the concentrations of Br were decreased. Applied PM levels had no significant effects on the concentrations of K, S, Fe, Sr or Ba in tomato plants. It is concluded that the increased fruit yield, and the increased concentration of Zn (an element required in the human diet) and the lowered concentration of potentially harmful Br in the fruit make poultry manure a valuable growing medium for tomato production.     

红星苹果矮化自根砧的营养耐旱生理特性

对嫁接在M7、M9、山定子砧木上的红星苹果的叶片解剖结构、叶绿素含量、净光合效率、矿质营养及耐旱性进行测定,结果表明,供试砧木对嫁接品种的叶片厚度、栅状组织厚度、比叶重、叶绿素含量、叶绿素a含量及净光合效率均无显著影响;叶片矿质元素含量,除M9、山定子与M7的B元素外,各砧木嫁接品种的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn元素含量均无显著差异:在干旱条件下,山定子比M7、M9砧木耐旱,山定子与M7、M9对嫁接品种蒸腾强度无显著影响,但前者比后者叶片水势大,表现了耐旱的特性。     

Effect of iron supply and nitrogen form on growth,nutritional status and ferric reducing activity of spinach in nutrient solution culture

This study was carried out in order to give some information that could improve spinach nutritional status and productivity. In this paper, the effect of two N forms (N was added either as 100% nitrate or as 80% nitrate and 20% ammonium) and three Fe levels (0 μM Fe; 20 μM FeEDDHA; 3 μM FeEDDHA + 10 mM NaHCO₃) on the growth, chlorosis symptoms and shoot nutrient element accumulation was studied in spinach plants (var. Viroflay), grown in hydroponics; six treatments and three harvests (at about 20 days interval each, until plants reached their commercial size) were applied in total. The results indicated that under conditions of Fe sufficiency (20 μM Fe), mixed N nutrition induced higher production of dry matter as well as improved Fe, Mn and Zn plant nutritional status. In plants grown under Fe deprivation (0 μM Fe), shoot Fe concentration was not significantly affected by the N form until the end of the experiment despite mixed N nutrition induced higher dry matter production up to harvest 2; plants grown under Fe deprivation and with mixed N nutrition presented also higher shoot Mn and Zn concentration. Under conditions of high concentration of bicarbonates and low level of Fe (3 μM Fe + 10 mM NaHCO₃), the N form had not a significant influence on total dry matter production whereas shoot Fe and Mn accumulation in 100% NO₃-fed plants was found to be significantly reduced compared to mixed N nutrition; regardless of the N form, those plants presented the least dry matter production, highest intensity of leaf chlorosis as well as highest root ferric reducing activity compared to plants grown under Fe deprivation.     

Standardization of leaf-sampling technique for mineral composition of leaves of mango cultivar ‘Chausa’

The effects of leaf age, leaf position on the shoot, sampling-direction and sampling-height of leaves of mango cultivar ‘Chausa’ on their mineral composition were studied. The P and K contents decreased, while Ca, Mg, S and Mn contents increased significantly with advancing age of leaves. In general, N, P, Mg, S, Zn, Mn and Fe contents were stable in 6- to 7-months-old leaves. P, K, Ca, Mn and Fe contents varied with sampling-direction, while K, Ca, S, Zn, Cu and Fe contents were significantly higher in the leaves from the lower portion than from the upper portion of the tree. A continuous increase in Ca and Mg contents and decrease in K and Mn contents of leaves were observed from basal to terminal leaves on a shoot. It was concluded that 6- to 7-months-old leaves from the middle of non-fruiting shoots, sampled from all directions and heights, were most suitable for assessing the nutritional status of a mango tree.     

三峡重庆库区甜橙叶片矿质营养丰缺状况调查

 为了解三峡重庆库区甜橙叶片矿质营养丰缺状况,2009年对库区5个甜橙主产县200个甜橙园4 ~ 6月龄营养性春梢叶片营养元素进行了分析测试。结果表明,三峡重庆库区甜橙叶片营养明显失衡,N和Fe含量很高,P、Zn和Mo比较适宜,K、Ca、Mg、Cu和Mn含量较低,而B含量严重不足。叶片N、P、K、Ca和Mg的平均含量分别为（27.34 ± 5.92）、（1.40 ± 0.21）、（11.00 ± 3.04）、（25.27 ± 8.53）和（3.34 ± 0.89）g · kg^-1,Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn、B和Mo的平均含量分别为（125.00 ± 40.55）、（5.38 ± 2.59）、（33.69 ± 6.33）、（34.30 ± 17.91）、（23.68 ± 14.24）和（0.79 ± 0.49）mg · kg^-1,且N和Fe处于高量及以上水平的比例分别为39.5%和53.0%,P、Zn和Mo在适宜范围的比例分别为75.5%、83.5%和70.5%,K、Mn和Mg处于低量水平的比例分别为50.3%、37.5%和20.0%,B、Ca、K、Cu在低量及以下水平的比例分别为76.5%、64.0%、57.3%和51.0%。库区大部分橘园叶片B含量严重不足,生产上需要重视补充B肥;同时生产上需根据甜橙叶片营养诊断结果,适量补充Ca肥和K肥,以满足柑橘营养平衡施肥。     

Impact of grafting and rootstock on nutrient-to-water uptake ratios during the first month after planting of hydroponically grown tomato

Tomato plants (cv. Primadonna F₁), non-grafted, self-grafted, or grafted onto the commercial rootstocks ‘He-man’ and ‘Maxifort’, were grown in recirculating nutrient solution. The uptake concentrations (UCs), i.e. mean nutrient-to-water uptake ratios of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B, were estimated based either on depletion from the nutrient solution or on accumulation in the plant biomass. Grafting onto both commercial rootstocks increased the total plant biomass. Hetero-grafting also increased the leaf N, Ca, and Cu concentrations but decreased those of Mg and Fe in comparison with self- and non-grafted plants. The mean UCs of N, Ca, and Cu were higher in plants grafted onto both commercial rootstocks in comparison with self- and non-grafted plants. However, hetero-grafting also raised the UCs of P, Fe, Mn, and B, because of an increased deposition of these nutrients to the roots in comparison with self-rooted plants. The method used to estimate the UCs, i.e. nutrient removal from the recirculating nutrient solution vs. nutrient recovery from plant biomass per volume unit of transpired water, resulted in similar values for N, Ca, Zn, and Cu, but had a significant impact on those of P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, and B.     

脐橙叶片矿质营养元素含量的分区分布特征

为揭示矿质营养元素在脐橙叶中分区分布特征,以枳砧和枳橙砧纽荷尔脐橙为对象,测定新叶和老叶的叶尖、叶缘、中部、叶基和翼叶等5个分区中10种元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn和B)的含量,并分析各分区离子组成的差异。主成分分析显示,第一主成分(PC1)和第二主成分(PC2)分别解释了总变量的43.4%和21.1%,明确区分了新叶和老叶,大致区分了叶不同分区,发现新叶翼叶与其他分区具有明显差异,而老叶本叶各分区的离散程度明显大于新叶本叶各分区。两种砧木脐橙新叶中钾含量分布表现为翼叶叶基中部叶缘≈叶尖,镁含量表现为叶尖≈叶缘中部叶基翼叶;两种砧木脐橙老叶中锰含量表现为叶尖≈叶缘中部叶基翼叶,硼含量表现为叶尖叶缘中部叶基翼叶。N、P、B在新叶本叶各分区以及P、Ca在老叶本叶各分区间含量都没有显著差异。枳砧脐橙新叶翼叶Mn、Cu和Zn的含量与叶片其他分区没有显著差异,而枳橙砧脐橙新叶翼叶Mn、Cu和Zn的含量都分别显著低于叶片其他分区。结果表明,不同元素叶片分区分布特征存在明显差异,翼叶的元素含量和离子组成与叶片其他分区差异明显。     

扁桃幼果发育期果实和叶片中矿质元素含量的变化

以普通扁桃品种纸皮为试材,研究了幼果生长发育期间Ca、Fe、Mg、Zn、Mn、Cu元素的含量变化。旨在为指导扁桃合理施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,随果实生长发育,扁桃种仁中Ca、Zn、Mn、Cu4种元素含量呈升高趋势,Fe元素含量呈下降趋势。叶片、果皮中Cu、Ca2种元素含量呈升高趋势,Zn、Mn、Fe3种元素含量呈下降趋势。Zn、Mn、Cu元素含量在叶、果间呈极显著正相关,Ca元素含量在叶、果间呈显著正相关,Fe元素含量在叶、果间相关性不明显。     

硼钼镁对菜心产量及养分吸收的影响

以菜心为试材,研究了硼钼镁不同施肥水平对菜心产量和养分吸收的影响。研究结果表明,施用硼钼镁能够提高菜心的产量和经济效益,当B,Mg,Mo施用量分别为0.03,0.032,1.741 kg/667 m2时,效益最大,增幅分别为14.27%,13.1%,14.51%。施硼可促进菜心对N,P,K及B的吸收,但过量的硼会抑制菜心对P的吸收;施钼可以提高可食部分和全株对于N,P,K及Mo的吸收,降低菜心不可食部分对于N,P,K的吸收;施镁促进菜心对N,K,Mg的吸收,促进可食部分P的吸收的同时降低不可食部分及全株P的吸收,高浓度的Mg会降低菜心可食部分对于N,Mg的吸收。     

喷施微肥对砂培韭菜生长及硝酸盐含量的影响

在日光温室内研究了高硝态氮营养环境下,分别喷施微量营养元素钼、锰、硼、铁、锌对砂培韭菜叶片硝酸盐含量及植株生长的影响。结果表明:叶面喷施钼或硼均可显著降低韭菜的硝酸盐含量,降幅达20.4%~32.4%,但未发现有提高韭菜生物量的作用;叶面喷施锰或铁均显著降低了春季韭菜的硝酸盐含量,降幅分别为14.7%和13.9%,且显著提高了韭菜植株的生物量,植株鲜重分别增加了17.6%和13.3%,干重增加了17.3%和18.1%;在秋冬季低温时期增施钼可提高韭菜叶绿素含量。     

纽荷尔脐橙叶片矿质元素含量适宜值的研究

 在闽西北中亚热带红壤地区,采集纽荷尔脐橙[Citrus sinensis（L.）Osbeck‘Newhall’],50个果园（范围N25°3′27″ ~ N27°8′、海拔160 ~ 660 m）,100个单株的叶片、土壤和果实样品,研究果实品质及株产等级与26个矿质元素的关系。结果表明：①果实品质受叶片矿质元素的影响依次为：可溶性固形物（36.5%,贡献率,下同）> 粗纤维（27.1%）> 可滴定酸（20.0%）> 单果质量（16.1%）;叶片矿质元素对品质影响的贡献率依次为：K（15.8%）> Cu（11.3%）> Ca（11.2 %）> N（10.5%）> Ni、B（8.7%）> Cd（7.8%）> P（7.4%）> Mg（7.3%）,累计贡献88.7%。②叶片矿质元素对株产等级影响的标准回归系数排序为：La（–0.553）> Ni（–0.405）> Zn（+ 0.395）> Cu（–0.377）。③推荐16项叶片矿质元素诊断标准“元素（< 缺乏;适宜下限 ~ 适宜上限;> 过量）”：N（2.7% ~ 3.2%）、P（0.13% ~ 0.20%）、K（1.2% ~ 1.9%;> 2.2%）、Ca（2.5% ~ 4.0%）、Mg（< 0.20%;0.22% ~ 0.45%）、Cu（5.0 ~ 25 mg · kg^-1;> 60 mg · kg^-1）、Zn（20 ~ 50 mg · kg^-1）、Fe（50 ~ 200 mg · kg^-1）、Mn（20 ~ 150 mg · kg^-1）、B（< 20 mg · kg^-1;35 ~ 150 mg · kg^-1）、Mo（0.05 ~ 1.0 mg · kg^-1）、S（0.28% ~ 0.40%）、Cl（< 0.2%;> 0.5%）;限量元素Ni（≤ 3.0 mg · kg^-1）、Cd（≤ 0.3 mg · kg^-1）、La（≤ 12 mg · kg^-1）。