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1.
植物生长调节剂对紫果西番莲离体培养的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以紫果西番莲的茎段为外植体,以1/2MS为基础培养基,添加ZEA2-3mg/l,外植体萌芽率高达100%。不定芽在1/2MS培养基中,附加B A1.0 NAA0.1mg/l,其增殖系数最高。芽苗不定根的诱导培养基1/2MS+IBA1.5-2.3mg/l,其生根率较高,当IBA为2.5mg/l时芽苗生根率达100%。  相似文献   

2.
探索菜豆组培苗最佳移栽条件和一代原种在田间的性状表现,以期更好地对优良菜豆原种进行保存和利用。以‘连农架豆10号’为试验材料,对不同移栽条件、一代原种的生育期、产量、病毒病发病情况进行了观测。结果表明,组培苗移栽时蘸生根粉对移栽成活率影响不大,达80%以上;使用V_(草炭土)∶V_(细河沙)=1∶1的基质移栽,成活率最高可达100%,远高于其他基质组合。组培苗原种一代在田间生产试验中开花期和成熟期提前1~2 d,总产量为2 193 kg,比普通原种总产量1 590 kg高37.9%;组培苗一代原种病毒病在幼苗2叶1心期、抽蔓期、开花期、盛果期的发生率分别为0.0、0.0、1.5%、2%,比普通原种1.5%、3.5%、4%、5.5%的发病率明显降低。组培苗一代原种在生产上有很大的应用价值。  相似文献   

3.
Three cultivars of 63-day-old hybrid geraniums (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey) were grown under high (800–1200 mE m?2 s?1), medium (300–600 mE m?2 s?1) or low (100–160 mE m?2 s?1) quantum flux densities. Plants grown under low light and 25% greater total leaf area but 25% lower dry weight than plants grown under medium or high levels, regardless of cultivar. Time to flower in all cultivars was negatively correlated with quantum flux density, and specific leaf weight and leaf thickness were positively correlated to net photosynthetic rate. ‘Sprinter Scarlet’ and ‘Sooner Red’ had similar correlation coefficients (r) for most relationships, but r values for ‘Ringo’ were generally not as strong. Quantum flux density appears to affect both organogenesis and maturation of the flower.  相似文献   

4.
【目的】探讨赤霉酸(gibberellin acid,GA_3)、氯吡脲(forchlorfenuron,CPPU)等生长调节剂组合和处理时间对'阳光玫瑰'葡萄(Vitis labruscana Bailey×V. vinifera L.',Shine Muscat')果实无核及品质的影响,为植物生长调节剂在'阳光玫瑰'葡萄中的应用提供理论依据和参考。【方法】花前3 d和花后2 d分别对'阳光玫瑰'葡萄花序(果穗)进行25mg·L~(~(-1))GA_3+200 mg·L~(~(-1))链霉素(streptomycin,SM)、2.5 mg·L~(~(-1))噻苯隆(thidiazuron,TDZ)+25 mg·L~(~(-1))GA_3+200 mg·L~(~(-1))SM和2.5 mg·L~(~(-1))CPPU+25 mg·L~(~(-1))GA_3+200 mg·L~(~(-1))SM 3种不同组合的处理,采收后测定无核率及穗质量、粒质量、可溶性固形物含量、总酸含量和耐压力等品质指标,并对指标进行主成分分析,综合评价不同处理。【结果】6种处理对果实影响不同,GA_3显著拉长果粒,提高果实耐压力,添加CPPU或TDZ后穗质量、粒质量、穗粒数显著增加。各处理均提高了果实固酸比,除处理A外,各处理的果实无核率均达96%及以上,可满足生产需求。综合评价结果表明,花后2 d 2.5 mg·L~(~(-1))CPPU+25 mg·L~(~(-1))GA_3+200 mg·L~(~(-1))SM花后2 d 2.5 mg·L~(~(-1))TDZ+25 mg·L~(~(-1))GA_3+200 mg·L~(~(-1))SM花前3 d 2.5 mg·L~(~(-1))TDZ+25 mg·L~(~(-1))GA_3+200 mg·L~(~(-1))SM花前3 d 2.5 mg·L~(~(-1))CPPU+25 mg·L~(~(-1))GA_3+200 mg·L~(~(-1))SMCK花前3 d 25 mg·L~(~(-1))GA_3+200 mg·L~(~(-1))SM花后2d 25 mg·L~(~(-1))GA_3+200 mg·L~(~(-1))SM,花后2 d处理综合效果优于花前3 d,添加CPPU或TDZ效果优于GA_3。【结论】花后2 d用2.5 mg·L~(~(-1))CPPU+25 mg·L~(~(-1))GA_3+200 mg·L~(~(-1))SM处理最适合'阳光玫瑰'葡萄。  相似文献   

5.
Summary

The effects of different BA and IBA concentrations and dark/light combinations, applied during both the last proliferating subculture (LPS) and the regeneration phase (RP), on shoot regeneration from leaves were evaluated in M.26 apple rootstock. A positive influence on caulogenesis was found with a low cytokinin/auxin ratio in the medium during the LPS. The increase in IBA concentration from 0.49 μM to 4.92 μM in the LPS, along with the absence or the use of a low cytokinin concentration (0.89 μM) in the medium, enhanced the subsequent shoot regeneration from leaves. During the RP, a concentration of 22.2 μM BA gave the best caulogenesis results. During both the LPS and the RP, high IBA concentrations were able to replace the combined effect of a low IBA concentration and dark treatment; this could indicate that dark treatments interact with the auxin metabolism in the leaf caulogenesis response. Auxin application could not reproduce all the effects of dark treatments, suggesting that dark also affects other biochemical and/or physiological aspects, such as gibberellin metabolism. Moreover, cytokinins applied during both the LPS and the RP influenced the size of regenerated shoots.  相似文献   

6.
无籽西瓜比普通二倍体西瓜糖度高、食用方便、耐贮运,倍受人们青睐。但其制种复杂,成本高,所得的三倍体无籽西瓜种子中很多胚芽发育不良,子叶畸形,种皮厚,种子发芽率低,苗期生长缓慢,这些因素制约了无籽西瓜的生产。西瓜组织培养始于20世纪70年代,自1979年获得初步成功以来,国内外相继报道了这方面的研究进展,但利用无籽西瓜子叶作为外植体获得再生植株的报道甚少。为此,我们以无籽西瓜子叶为外植体,研究了通过愈伤组织阶段诱导芽及获得再生植株的培养条件。  相似文献   

7.
A morphological abnormality occurring in micro-propagated strawberry plants is described and illustrated. The condition is recognised in established micro-propagated plants by an abnormal phyllotaxy which results typically in 2 or more young leaves emerging together rather than singly and by an excessive number of small branch crowns being produced. Dissection shows that the abnormality originates at the apex and is manifest as a linear (or less often as a circular) arrangement of multiple apices. Such multi-apexing plants “bud-off” normal single-apexed crowns from time to time but the abnormality can persist in the main shoot for 2 years (the limit of our observations). The multi-apexing differs fundamentally from clusters of single apices which, when removed from culture and separated, give rise to normal single-crowned plants.Similarities between the multi-apexing condition and fasciation in other plant species are discussed. Changes in growth regulator constituents of the culture media are shown to control the incidence of multi-apexing. In the presence of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), higher 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BA) concentration increases the frequency, while adding gibberellin (GA3) decreases the incidence of affected plantlets. The frequency of abnormality varies greatly between different cultivars.It is suggested that conditions favouring greater proliferation rates in culture may also favour multi-apexing. Results indicate that multi-apexing can be avoided by using appropriate concentrations of growth regulators in culture media which will concomitantly maintain a good proliferation rate.  相似文献   

8.
Eggplant cv. Emi and Tsakoniki were cultivated for seed in an unheated greenhouse and fruits were harvested at 25–65 days after anthesis (DAA) in order to determine the optimum harvest time. In addition, the effect of after-ripening on seed quality (i.e. seed size and germination) was examined by storing harvested fruit at 25 °C for 20 days prior to seed extraction. From the results, it was concluded that the optimum time of harvest for seed production is 55 DAA. Seeds extracted from fruits that were harvested at 25–35 DAA did not germinate, but when fruits harvested at the same age were stored for 20 days at 25 °C prior to seed extraction (i.e. seeds were after-ripened) germination was induced. Seeds extracted from fruits harvested at 45 DAA showed a high percent germination, which decreased after storage at 25 °C for 3 months. This decrease, however, was reduced by after-ripening prior to extraction. It is concluded that although eggplant is a non-climacteric species and fruit do not ripen after harvest, nevertheless seeds within the fruit continue to fill and mature after harvest; hence storage of prematurely harvested fruit prior to seed extraction permits the seeds of these fruits to after-ripen in situ and thereby increases seed size and germination. The implication of this result for eggplant seed production is discussed.  相似文献   

9.
Soaking of bulbs in 3 concentrations of indoleacetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), 2-chloroethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (cycocel) or 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethrel) showed various responses on growth and flowering. IAA increased the weight and number of bulblets, GA3 increased bulb weight. Cycocel (1000 mg l?1) increased the number of flowers, while GA3 increased the diameter of the flowers.Application of IAA at 100 mg l?1 and GA3 at 10, 100 or 1000 mg l?1 twice as foliar spray at an interval of 30 days promoted the number of bulblets on the treated plants, while high concentrations of cycocel and ethrel (1000 mg l?1) increased the weight of bulblets. All concentrations of IAA, GA3 and 1000 mg l?1 cycocel increased the number and size of the flowers.  相似文献   

10.
The effects of temperatures and growth regulators on deformations in tomato fruits, a common occurrence in winter, were examined in greenhouses and in controlled-climate conditions with cultivars ‘Arava’ and ‘Orith’. The malformations could be attributed both to low-temperature conditions during flower development and to the use of growth regulators. Deformations caused by low temperatures differed from those caused by growth regulators. As a result of flower development under low-temperature conditions, fasciated fruits, fruits with a navel-like scar at the blossom end, puffy (hollow) fruits, and seedless fruits were obtained, where as with growth regulators there were more seedless fruits, sharply elongated blossom ends and green jelly. The 2 cultivars tested differed in their susceptibility to low-temperature conditions and growth regulators.  相似文献   

11.
The formation of flower buds in Clerodendrum seems not to be affected by day length, but the development of the buds is delayed in long days. When long days were established by means of low-intensity illumination with incandescent lamps, few flowers developed and the stems elongated considerably even at a day length of 16 hours. When fluorescent lamps were used for day-length extension, short shoots with many flowers were obtained even in 24-hour days. Flower development was also delayed by gibberellic acid (GA3), but promoted by chlormequat both in short and long days. Shoot elongation was retarded by chlormequat and promoted by GA3.Plants obtained from commercial greenhouses varied considerably with respect to growth and flowering. By selection a clone was obtained which flowered richly on short shoots. Shoot elongation stopped when flowering began. A ‘negative’ selection gave rise to a clone which flowered sparsely and in which shoot elongation was not influenced by flowering.  相似文献   

12.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,106(4):539-553
A simple and efficient method has been developed for rapid regeneration of plantlets via adventitious bud differentiation on mature seeds of Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy, a medicinally important facultative apomictic tropical tree species. High frequency direct shoot proliferation was induced in seed segments cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with cytokinins (BAP, kinetin and TDZ) alone and in combination with auxin (NAA). Amongst the various combinations used, BAP proved to be the most effective. Multiple shoots formed within 4–5 weeks of culture. The shoot forming capacity of the seeds was influenced by the BAP concentration tested (5–50 μM) and optimal response was observed at different concentrations (12.5–50 μM) in different genotypes investigated. Significant differences were recorded in terms of percent response (27.78–100%) as well as average number of shoots per explant (3.49–57.67) among the four genotypes investigated. Elongation of the induced shoots was achieved on MS basal medium containing 0.2% activated charcoal. The induction medium had a profound effect on rate of bud elongation with shoots induced on lower concentrations of BAP showing as much as four-fold elongation within 4 weeks. Proliferating shoot cultures were established by repeatedly subculturing the shoot nodes on MS medium supplemented with 5 μM BAP. Maximum rooting (91.66%) occurred in shoots cultured on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 10 μM IBA. The plantlets were successfully transferred to soil after hardening; the time period from initiation of shoot buds to transplantation being 15–17 weeks. For in vitro conservation, the shoot cultures were maintained on medium supplemented with 0.5 μM BAP and the subculture duration could be enhanced up to maximum of 11 months.  相似文献   

13.
The partition of dry matter between leaf and bulb with sheath was studied in relation to the post-harvest physiology of cvs Bola and Robusta grown at three sites for two seasons and dried and stored under standardized conditions. Foliar fall-over was synchronous at all sites in each season but the effects of site showed that crops either partitioned dry matter to the bulb early, lost less fresh weight in drying and sprouted later in store, or partitioned dry matter late, lost more fresh weight in drying and sprouted sooner in store. Crops showing the former behaviour were associated with low rainfall and a high number of day degrees between 6° and 20°C during early growth. There was up to 10 days difference between the sites in 50% sprouting dates. Bulbs of cv Bola sprouted earlier than those of cv Robusta, and bulbs harvested when foliar fall-over was negligible sprouted before those from later harvests. There were no site effects on plant maturity, on bulb growth regulator content (cv Robusta one year only), on sugar content at harvest or during storage, on bulb respiration rates at the end of drying or in the spring, or on bulb weight loss during storage.  相似文献   

14.
The effects of mechanical and chemical methods of removing or reducing apical dominance on the multiplication of Alstroemeria cultivars grown in vitro were assessed. Subculture of rhizome explants without aerial shoot or rhizome apices and of rhizome explants divided into single internodes with or without aerial shoots, significantly enhanced rhizome multiplication. Subculture of rhizome explants with only the aerial shoot or rhizome apices removed produced no significant differences. Addition of the plant growth regulators T1BA, thidiazuron, NAA, GA3 and paclobutrazol to culture media, with or without BAP, did not significantly change the numbers of lateral rhizomes, shoots or roots produced. Paclobutrazol, however, extensively changed explant morphology.  相似文献   

15.
Summary

Experiments were conducted to determine the appropriate photoperiod, light intensities and sources, and growth regulators, necessary to produce Trachelium caeruleum as a commercially acceptable potted plant. T. caeruleum behaved as an LDP with a critical photoperiod of 14 h necessary for flower initiation but was day neutral for subsequent flower development (from macroscopic bud visibility to anthesis). Providing long days by daylength extension using metal halide (MH) lamps to provide high irradiance resulted in significantly earlier flowering and more flowers than using either MH or incandescent lamps at low irradiance. The use of incandescent lamps to extend the day resulted in slower flowering and fewer flowers than using MH lamps at the same irradiance. Daminozide was effective for controlling plant height but ancymidol and chlormequat were ineffective. Removal of the terminal bud resulted in more compact plants, and more blooms per plant, but delayed flowering by approximately one week.  相似文献   

16.
‘Alaska’ and ‘Redwing’ azaleas having dormant flower buds were sprayed with gibberellins (GA3 or GA4 + 7) alone and in combination with thiourea, N6 benzyl adenine (BA) or kinetin weekly for 3 or 4 weeks to test the efficacy of these materials in breaking bud dormancy. Additional plants received 6 weeks of cold storage at 4.5°C or glasshouse day temperatures of 21°C and above. The 2000 and 3000 mg l?1 GA3 and Ga4 + 7 sprays were better than 1000 mg l?1 in promoting flowering, with ‘Redwing’ responding better than ‘Alaska’. GA-treated plants flowered in fewer days than those receiving cold storage. Flower diameter and pedicel length increased with higher levels of GA, and flower uniformity was comparable to cold-stored plants on most GA-treated ‘Redwing’-plants. Thiourea, BA and kinetin applied alone had no effect and considerable cytokinin activity was highest in GA-treated buds 14–21 days after treatment application. No increase in activity occurred on plants not receiving GA.  相似文献   

17.
18.
根据天津武清地区设施菜田施肥状况,进行不同缓控释氮肥在设施菠菜上的试验探究,分析不同氮肥在菠菜的长势、产量、收益等方面的差异及对土壤环境的影响。结果表明,施用促根剂包膜尿素的菠菜667 m2产量和667 m2净收益最高。对于不同氮肥,无包膜尿素的硝态氮含量在土层表现上明显下移;有包膜尿素中,除高分子聚合物包膜尿素,其余尿素包膜中均有活性物质,起到增效作用,施用前期效果好,但高分子聚合物包膜尿素的肥效期长,施用后期还会继续释放。因此,选用适当缓控肥料非常必要。本研究对提高氮肥利用率与不同作物增产增效具有重要意义。  相似文献   

19.
Single node cuttings with one mature leaf were taken from the rose cv. Baroness and rooted in water culture. The rooted plants were grown in nutrient solutions and subjected to two levels of relative air humidity (RH): high (90%) and moderate (70%), in combination with high (12/1), medium (1/1) and low (1/5) K/Ca ratios in the nutrient solution. High RH plants accumulated less Ca in leaves and flowers than moderate RH plants. Roses grown at moderate RH had a longer postharvest life than high RH roses, irrespective of the K/Ca ratio of the nutrient solution. In general, a high K/Ca ratio had a negative impact on postharvest life. When grown at a high K/Ca ratio the ornamental value declined rapidly, mainly due to the appearance of necrotic petals as well as chlorotic and necrotic areas on the leaves. Bent neck occurred only with high RH plants but changes in the K/Ca ratio had no differential effect. Dry spots and brittle leaves were observed on high RH roses, and the occurrence increased with increased K/Ca ratio in the nutrient solution. Stomatal conductance increased in parallel with increases in RH and K/Ca ratio when measured on intact roses placed in dry air (40% RH).  相似文献   

20.
Rosa hybrida, cultivars ‘Samantha’ and ‘Cara Mia’, grafted on R. manetti, were subjected to 3 periods of 0° C night temperature during the 1978–1979 winter season, while the usual day temperatures were maintained. Significant increases in cane renewal were obtained after either a 23 December 1978 to 8 January 1979 or a 22 February 1979 to 23 March 1979 low-temperature treatment, but not after a 30 September 1978 to 30 October 1978 treatment. In the former 2 treatments, total non-structural carbohydrates were found to exceed 20% in leaves and 9% in stems. Plants in the October cold-night treatment and in the control treatment had lower carbohydrate levels. The cold night temperature treatments seriously upset timing of rose production for holidays, although more flowers were actually produced after the winter and late winter treatments than by the control plants. Possibly a shorter low temperature treatment could achieve the same effect with less disruption of the peak flowering-periods.  相似文献   

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