Variations in the yielding ability of sweet potato clones in grassland and forest ecologies in Cameroon

Twenty sweet potato genotypes were evaluated for four years in seven locations representing three agro-ecological zones in Cameroon, to study their performance across environments, to identify cultivars suitable for the different zones and to study their reaction to weevils and viruses in target sites. The best storage root yields (13.3 t ha^?1) were in the humid forest region and the lowest (7.4 t ha^?1) in the grassland region. Storage root counts were about the same in the humid forest and in the grassland regions. Root yields were not affected by weevil attack, but virus severity was associated with storage root yield depression. Shukla’s stability method was less conservative than the Eberhart-Russell method of assessing stability. The genotype grouping technique of Francis and Kannenberg was considered easier to use in grouping clones into classes of desirability and stability. The study suggests that it may not be necessary to select separately for different agro-ecological zones because high yielding cultivars of sweet potato developed for one zone are most likely to be adaptable to other zones.     

甘薯直播免耕栽培技术

介绍了福建之北地区的甘薯优质高产栽培技术,包括品种选用、施肥、播种、田间管理、病虫害防治和收获等方面内容,以期为甘薯高产栽培技术提供参考。     

Postharvest handling,transport and quality of sweet potato in Tanzania

Summary

Commercial consignments of sacks of sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam, cvs. Polista and SPN/0, were surveyed, over two seasons, from harvest to markets at Mwanza and Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. The handling and transport system resulted in up to 20% and 86% of roots with severe breaks and skinning injury respectively. Reductions in market value were up to 13%. Impact loggers located at the centre of sacks indicated that the most severe impacts (greater than 20 g) occurred during unloading and loading from road vehicles and ships. However, skinning injury and broken roots were correlated with a large number of minor impacts (2 g or lower). Cultivar or season did not generally affect the responses. The use of cardboard boxes filled with fewer roots instead of overfilled polypropylene sacks and adoption of improved management procedures in the handling and transport are recommended.     

红薯山楂饼的研制

以优质红薯和山楂为原料，经过漂洗，蒸料，打浆，均质，配料，刮片，烘干，焖片，烘饯等工艺流程，生产红薯山楂饼，生产出的红薯山楂饼外观浅红，酸甜适中，现已批量生产，市场反馈良好。     

Sink strength and photosynthetic capacity influence tuber development in sweet potato

Summary

Tuber growth of sweet potato clones is shown to depend on the sink strength of the developing tuber, the potential of leaves to export photoassimilates, but also on the photosynthetic capacity of leaves. Evidence from experiments with the short-lived radioisotope ¹¹C and from growth experiments in the glasshouse is presented in favour of the hypothesis that tuber formation promoted photoassimilate export from fully expanded leaves and also leaf photosynthesis. In the sweet potato clone ‘AB94078.1’, a low photosynthetic capacity could be explained by a limitation of Calvin cycle activity, notably of Rubisco activity. The light reactions of photosynthesis did not limit net photosynthesis in the investigated clones under the non-saturating light conditions during the experiment.     

设施栽培甜樱桃撤膜后的管理技术

设施栽培甜樱桃撤膜后管理不当会严重影响花芽分化从而影响翌年产量。撤膜后应注意以下几方面。     

Virus-free sweet potato storage roots derived from meristem-tips and leaf-cuttings

The two common sweet potato viruses found in Taiwan, sweet potato virus-A and sweet potato virus-N, were eliminated from 14 sweet potato clones by culturing 0.2-0.4-mm long meristem-tips. Leaves from 2-month-old meristem-cultured plantlets were virus-indexed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). More than 80% of the plantlets were virus-free. Rapid multiplication of virus-free plantlets was carried out by using single-node cuttings in vitro. Small storage roots were then obtained by further culturing leaf-cuttings procured from the established, virus-free plants. Using this method, virus-free storage roots were obtained within 9 months of initial meristem-tip excision and culture. It is estimated that about 90 small, virus-free storage roots can be obtained from each established plantlet within 6 months.     

Adventitious shoot formation from sections of sweet potato grown in vitro

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) root sections were obtained from the cultivars ‘Centennial’, ‘Redmar’ and ‘Jewel’ with a No. 6 cork borer. These sections were cut into 2–3-mm discs and explanted on to modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium consisting of MS high mineral salts, myo-inositol (100 mg l^?1), Staba vitamins, 6-benzyl-aminopurine (2.0 mg l^?1), naphthaleneacetic acid (0.1 mg l^?1), sucrose (30 g l^?1) and agar (10 g l^?1). Root discs from internal regions of the tuberous roots gave rise to calli and meristematic bud-like centers (MBLC's). A small percentage of ‘Centennial’ MBLC's burst open to reveal plantlets which grew and rooted well on the medium. Some of the ‘Jewel’ MBLC's contained only roots, while those of ‘Redmar’ did not differentiate. MBLC-formation occurred most often on discs taken from fresh (unstored) roots of ‘Centennial’. Petiole sections taken from in vitro-cultured plants of all 3 cultivars developed plants quite readily on the medium. Shoots of all 3 cultivars grew rapidly, to yield whole rooted plants which could easily be moved to soil and grown in the greenhouse and field.     

Genetic variation and its relationship to root weight in the sweet potato as revealed by RAPD analysis

The aim of this work was to evaluate the genetic variations of the sweet potato by a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay with emphasis on correlations with morphological traits. Cuttings of superior and inferior lines derived from tissue culture-regenerated plants and asexually propagated plants of the Tainung 57 (TN57) and Tainung 66 (TN66) sweet potato were planted in the field. Three important agronomic traits, top weight, root weight, and root numbers, were measured 3 months after planting. The RAPD-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique was used for detecting genomic variations within and between varieties. Of the 160 primers tested in this study, 38 revealed clear and repeatable RAPD polymorphisms. Among the 38 primers, 8 showed consistent amplified band patterns among the plants with variations within and between varieties, while the others indicated polymorphisms within or between varieties. RAPD markers demonstrated a clear association with root weight. However, the presence and absence of these genetic markers did not correspond well with either the top weight or root number. Genetic instability revealed in the selection stress of superior and inferior plants was found to be independent of variety. In addition, both asexual propagated and tissue culture-induced somaclonal variations were observed in this study. Our results show that RAPD is a useful tool for detecting somaclonal variations from varietal and intra-varietal sweet potato for monitoring of DNA changes in somaclonal variants. The identification of regions which are associated with the character of root weight by RAPD markers enables us to use these markers as selection tools to improve root weight in sweet potato.     

甘薯茎尖分化及试管苗快繁培养基的创新

用4个甘薯品种的茎尖为接种材料,进行甘薯脱毒快繁培养基的研究。结果表明:最佳的茎尖分化培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L;最佳试管苗切段快繁培养基为1/2 MS(2/3琼脂+1/3食用胶+白砂糖)。茎尖分化成苗率高20%,快繁培养基成本降低45%,苗壮。     

Effect of continuous or intermittent radiation on sweet potato plantlets in vitro

Summary

Single-node cuttings of sweet potato [(Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. ‘Beniazuma’)] were cultured in vitro for 35 d under intermittent blue light (IB), intermittent red light (IR) and intermittent blue-plus-red light (IBR) provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) flashing for 10 s three-times min^–1. Growth was compared with cuttings cultured under continuous blue (B), red (R) or blue-plus-red (BR) light, or cool-white fluorescent lamps (FL) with a 16 h photoperiod. Dry weights, leaf areas and carbohydrate contents were greater under the IB and IBR treatments than in the FL treatment. Our results show that a novel light source during in vitro culture of sweet potato plantlets may provide an opportunity to improve plant yield in large-scale greenhouses for commercial purposes.     

甘薯贮藏期主要病害及其防治方法

我国是世界最大的甘薯生产国,常年甘薯种植面积500万hm<'2>,占世界甘薯种植总面积的57.3%,收获产量占世界甘薯总产80%.甘薯不仅是传统的粮食作物,随着其综合开发利用的深入,已发展成为用途广泛、高产高效的经济作物.在甘薯的生产、利用过程中,安全贮藏是稳产、增效的关键.     

湖北郧县甘薯资源利用现状及产业发展对策

在分析郧县甘薯资源利用现状的基础上,介绍甘薯的营养、郧县甘薯膳食习俗以及品种引进和技术推广等内容,并提出郧县甘薯产业发展对策。     

Repair effect of purple sweet potato anthocyanin on intestinal barrier injury in mice with ulcerative colitis induced by DSS

AIM To explore the repair effect of purple sweet potato anthocyanin on intestinal barrier injury of ulcerative colitis mice induced by dextrin sulfate sodium （DSS）. METHODS The mice were randomly divided into normal drinking group, DSS model group, different doses of purple sweet potato anthocyanin （12.5, 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg） groups, and 5-aminosalicylic acid （5-ASA） positive drug control group. Except using normal drinking water for control group, the mice in the other groups were treated with 2.5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days to induce the ulcerative colitis model. The mice in purple sweet potato anthocyanin treatment group and the 5-ASA positive drug control group were given the drug by intragastric gavage on the first day of modeling. The body weight of the mice and the hematocheziawere recorded every day. After continuous administration for 8 days, the mice in each group were killed and colon tissue was retained. Immunohistochemical technique （IHC） was used to detect the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 and occludin and inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the colon of mice. The expression of mucin in goblet cells of colon tissue was observed by glycogen PAS staining. The protein expression of ZO-1, occludin, TNF-α were determined by Western blot, Sirius red staining was used to detect colonic fibrosis in mice. RESULTS Compared with control group, the disease activity index and histological injury of DSS model mice were significantly increased（P<0.01）. Compared with model group, the disease activity index scores of the mice in different dose groups of purple sweet potato anthocyanin were decreased. The expression and distribution of ZO-1 and occludin in colon tissues were increased, and the expression and distribution of TNF-α and IL-6 in colon tissues were decreased. Glycogen PAS staining showed a significant increase in the distribution and expression of mucin in goblet cells of colon tissues in the purple sweet potato anthocyanin treatment group. Sirius red staining also showed that the degree of fibrosis in the purple sweet potato anthocyanin treatment groups was lower than that in model group. CONCLUSION Purple sweet potato anthocyanins has therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis in mice induced by DSS, mainly through up-regulating the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin, to protect the integrity of intestinal barrier, inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and intestinal fibrosis, to suppress the development of colonic inflammation.     

甜樱桃‘砂蜜豆’的引进及推广应用

<正>1987年金州区良种示范场从日本青森县野村园艺场引进6株‘砂蜜豆’成品嫁接苗木。1991年开始结果,表现为个大、色艳、味美、丰产、稳产、晚熟、耐贮运、抗逆性强、经济价值高等特点,深受广大栽培者和消费者的欢迎。1993年开始以‘本溪山樱’为砧木培育苗木,进行扩繁,并在金州区和大连市其他地方进行小面积区     

日本甜樱桃品种介绍

简要介绍了红手球、丰锦、高砂、佐藤锦、月山锦、高阳锦、黑砂糖锦、小夏、佐槛、樱姬、绚瞳、明月、大楼夏、大将锦、南阳、花驹、红清、红秀峰、山形美人、水门、金王、正光锦、六月新娘和香夏锦等24个日本甜樱桃品种的主要经济性状.     

乌克兰甜樱桃品种在烟台地区的表现

1999年,招远乌克兰甜樱桃开发研究中心从山东省果树研究所引进了奇好、早大果、胜利、友谊和宇宙5个甜樱桃品种.栽培发现,此5个品种互相并不能很好授粉,在当地耐热抗冻力并不比先期引进的甜樱桃品种强,经济效益因售地和采收期而不同.提出生产中要慎重更换品种,采取优质丰产栽培技术,适当晚采提高品种风味.     

美国甜樱桃矮化栽培的经验

美国在甜樱桃矮化栽培中，试验选出德国育成的古塞拉5号、12号、6号三个较适宜的砧木。应用上述矮砧，选用大果品种栽培，利用修剪量小的整形方式整形，并通过短截、涂普洛马林、刻芽、抹芽等促枝，实现了提前2-3年结果、早产丰产的效果。     

Hybrids sugary × sugary enhancer of sweet corn: A valuable option for cool environments

Sugary (Se1Se1) sweet corn hybrids do not have a high quality for human consumption according to the preferences of today's consumers, although they have a good stand establishment in cool environments. On the contrary, sugary enhancer (se1se1) hybrids have a high table quality, but a poor stand establishment in areas with a cool growing season. Sugary × sugary enhancer (Se1se1) sweet corn genotypes could be a valuable alternative for cool environments, but no information is available about the performance of sugary × sugary enhancer hybrids under such conditions. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential of sugary × sugary enhancer sweet corn genotypes in cool environments in comparison with sugary and sugary enhancer genotypes. Eight sugary lines and eight sugary enhancer lines were used as the parental lines of 15 sugary, 12 sugary enhancer, and 57 sugary × sugary enhancer hybrids that were evaluated in three different cool environments. The results of this work show that sweet corn cultivars with the Se1se1 genotype are an appropriate alternative for cool areas because they have better plant and ear types and a better eating quality than the Se1Se1 genotypes, and better emergence, early vigor, and shorter flowering time than se1se1 genotypes.     

日本甜柿的引种栽培

1999年引入新秋、前川次郎、兴津 2 2和兴津 2 4等日本甜柿品种试栽。定植株行距 2m× 3～ 4m ,配置禅寺丸做授粉树。通过精细栽植 ,夏季摘心 ,人工授粉 ,疏蕾疏果 ,以及喷生长调节剂等措施 ,栽后第 2年结果株率达 60 %～ 80 % ;第 3年全部结果 ,平均株产 5kg ;第 4年平均株产 1 0kg ,每 666.7m2 产 83 0～ 1 1 1 0kg。