Rootstock-Scion Interaction in Apples with Special Reference to Root Anatomy

Carrot seedlings from FYM-treated plots on the field experiments at Welles- bourne have been shown to contain more potassium than those from plots which had received only mineral fertilizers including potassium sulphate. It had already been found that the seedlings on the former plots grew more rapidly than those on the latter.

In sand culture in the glasshouse, the dry weight of carrot seedlings, ten days after the opening of the cotyledons, increased progressively as the amount of potassium in the nutrient medium and in the aerial parts of the plants increased ; the rates of growth and of potassium uptake were found to be similar to those recorded for seedlings grown on the FYM-treated soil.

It is concluded that the greater uptake of potassium by seedlings on the FYM-treated plots was largely responsible for their more rapid growth.     

The Effect of Scion on Root.: II. Stem-Worked Apples.

Summary

The effects of seed coat removal and chilling on the germination of seeds of ten cultivars of ornamental peach (Prunus persica Batsch) were investigated. Seeds were rinsed in running tap water for 48 h in order to facilitate seed coat removal. Only a few non-chilled, intact seeds germinated (e.g., 6% of ‘Hito’ seeds). Seed coat removal and no chilling resulted in some seed germination in eight of the ten cultivars, ranging from 6% to 83%. Chilling intact seeds at 5°C for up to 10 weeks resulted in greater frequencies of germination (average = 85% germination) than seed coat removal before (average = 80%) or after chilling (average = 73%). There was a linear decrease in the germination percentage with an increase in abscisic acid (ABA) content for ‘Yaguchi’,‘Kanpaku’, and ‘Kikumomo’ seeds (R = –0.66; P <0.001). The most consistent decrease in total seed ABA content (average of 64%) occurred during the 48 h rinsing period. In ‘Kanpaku’, dry seeds had an intermediate ABA content (13 ng per seed); but, in the embryonic axes, this increased from 0.03 ng to 1.2 ng per seed with an increase in the duration of the chilling period. The lowest germination percentages were found in this cultivar. These results suggest that ABA synthesis in the embryonic axes during chilling may affect the varietal characteristic of seed dormancy, and that rinsing seeds for >48 h could remove sufficient ABA to allow seed germination with minimum chilling.     

The Influence of Orchard Nutrition upon the Acidity Relationships in Cortland Apples

Many different approaches to the study of storage quality of apples have been made with the emphasis largely placed on post-harvest physiology. This has been due to the great variability encountered in individual tree performance (Hoblyn, 9) which, in turn, may be due to inherent differences in rootstock and scion or be a result of climate, soil, disease or insect pests. This variability is shown even between different parts of the tree where, as Martin (12) has noted, each branch may behave as an organic unit.     

两个柱花草品种根系构型差异及其对间作柑橘砧木实生苗磷营养的竞争

 根系构型与植物的养分吸收密切相关,可能影响植物不同个体间的养分竞争。比较了‘格 拉姆’和‘184 号’柱花草（Stylosanthes Sw.）的根系构型差异,并探讨了两者在间作条件下对柑橘砧木 红藜檬（Citrus limonia）实生苗的生长和养分吸收的影响。结果表明,‘格拉姆’和‘184 号’在单作条 件下生物量、总根长、主根长和根尖数相似,但是‘184 号’的基根角度、根系表面积、平均根直径均小 于‘格拉姆’;在与柑橘实生苗间作条件下,‘184 号’有41.4%的根系进入柑橘根区,而‘格拉姆’仅有 0.8%的根系进入柑橘根区,因此与‘184 号’间作的柑橘砧木实生苗的生物量和对磷养分的吸收均显著低 于与‘格拉姆’间作的柑橘砧木实生苗。本研究表明,与根系垂直生长型的‘格拉姆’相比,根系水平 生长型的柱花草‘184 号’不宜用于果园生草栽培,根系构型应该成为草种筛选的重要指标。     

欧洲苹果产量表

┏━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━┓┃ ┃ 2000 ┃ 2001 ┃ 加02+ ┃┣━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━┫┃ 欧盟国家 ┃ 82匝8 ┃ 751.7 ┃ 7263 ┃┣━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━┫┃ 意大利 ┃ 220.6 ┃ 217.2 ┃ 232.4 ┃┣━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━┫┃ 法国 ┃ 226 ┃ 193.8 ┃ 1972 ┃┣━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━┫┃ 德国 ┃ 113-j ┃ 92.2 ┃ 76.2 ┃┣━━━━━…     

碱胁迫下两种苹果砧木幼苗根系生长和脱落酸含量的差异

为了分析苹果砧木根系对碱胁迫的响应,先对两种耐碱性不同的苹果砧木(高耐碱的富平楸子Malus prunifolia,中等耐碱的平邑甜茶M.hupehensis)幼苗根系结构和脱落酸(ABA)含量在碱胁迫下的变化进行了测定,再取碱胁迫不同时间的根尖进行转录组分析及ABA相关基因CIPK1和AHK1的qRT-PCR分析。结果表明,碱胁迫15 d,两种砧木幼苗根系生长均受到抑制,其中平邑甜茶的根系生长受到的抑制更明显。两种砧木幼苗根尖脱落酸(ABA)含量均在碱胁迫48 h有显著增加,但平邑甜茶的增幅较小。富平楸子幼苗根尖CIPK1和AHK1表达量在碱胁迫24 h和48 h均明显上调;平邑甜茶幼苗根尖的AHK1表达量在碱胁迫6和48 h略有上调,CIPK1表达量在碱胁迫48 h明显下调。     

苹果砧木根系钙素吸收动力学研究

 以苹果砧木——平邑甜茶(Malus hupenensis Rehder)实生苗和3年生盆栽富士苹果／平邑甜茶幼树为试材，研究了根系Ca²⁺ 吸收动力学以及代谢抑制剂和温度对Ca²⁺ 吸收的影响。结果表明，在供钙浓度0.02～0.5 mmol/L范围内，苹果砧木根系钙离子吸收速率与钙浓度的关系符合米氏酶动力学模型，而在供钙浓度0.5～5.0mmol/L范围内，钙吸收速率随供钙浓度的增加呈直线上升，并且连体根钙吸收速率的上升速度明显高于离体根。不论离体根还是连体根，钙吸收速率均受到代谢抑制剂2，4-二硝基酚的抑制，低供钙浓度(0.2 mmol/L)下受抑制的程度更高。低供钙浓度下，温度对平邑甜茶根系钙素吸收有明显影响，其中15～20℃时α值和钙吸收速率最高。以根系表面积为单位计算的吸收根和延长根的钙吸收能力相近，而木质根α值为吸收根和延长根的54%左右。     

优质苹果无公害栽培技术

一、建园 1、新建果园要选择土层深厚,光照充足,远离污染源的地方.灌溉水质要洁净,果园的通风透光条件要好,在加强肥水管理的基础上,培育壮树,提高树体的抗逆性,并及时清除果园的残枝落叶、病果和垃圾,剪除病虫枝,刮老翘皮后集中销毁,保持果园良好环境.     

梨和苹果不同品种花期冻害调查

花期冻害是果树栽培生产中经常遭遇的一种自然灾害 ,在我国南北各地均有发生 ,常给果树生产带来一定损失。主要是由晚霜造成的 ,在果树萌芽以后 ,如果出现霜冻天气 ,就有可能造成花器不同程度的冻害。由于雌蕊抗冻性最差 ,遇轻微霜冻就可能发生冻害 ,一般表现为受冻初期花柱和柱头由绿变褐 ,继而变黑萎蔫干缩 ;雌蕊受冻后 ,花朵仍可开放 ,但不能坐果。霜冻严重时雌蕊会被冻死 ,花瓣变枯脱落 ,直接影响果树产量。2 0 0 1年 3月 2 6日 -2 9日 ,河北省中南部部分地区突然出现了霜冻天气。由于此前春季气温较往年偏高 ,因此 ,苹果、梨等果树萌芽…     

一种无土栽培新装置根区温湿度及对番茄根系生长的影响

以桶式Ⅱ型无土栽培装置为对照,桶式无土栽培新装置为处理,研究了新装置根区温湿度的变化以及根系生长状况.结果表明,在苗期和果实成熟期,两栽培装置中基质和气室温度的日变化随着温室气温的变化而变化,变化趋势总体上基本一致,新装置中基质和气室的温度变化的幅度均低于对照.湿度的日变化趋势正好与温度的日变化趋势相反,先是缓慢下降而后又逐渐上升,变化的幅度整体上新装置低于对照.说明在新装置栽培下,基质和气室温湿度受外界光照剧烈变化影响的幅度小于对照,能够更好避免由于高温高湿造成的根系枯死.两种栽培装置的根系生长在苗期没有明显的差异,在果实成熟期差异显著,新装置高于对照.     

一种无土栽培新装置根区温湿度及对番茄根系生长的影响

以桶式Ⅱ型无土栽培装置为对照,式无土栽培新装置为处理.研究了新装置根区温湿度的变化以及根系生长状况。结果表明,在苗期和果实成熟期,两栽培装置中基质和气室温度的日变化随着温室气温的变化而变化,变化趋势总体上基本一致,新装置中基质和室的温度变化的幅度均低于对照。湿度的日变化趋势正好与温度的日变化趋势相反,先是缓慢下降而后又逐渐上升,变化的幅度整体上新装置低于对照。说明在新装置栽培下,基质和气室温湿度受外界光照剧烈变化影响的幅度小于对照,能够更好避免由于高温高湿造成的根系枯死。两种栽培装置的根系生长在苗期没有明显的差异,在果实成熟期差异显著,新装置高于对照。     

葡萄砧木抗旱性的叶片解剖学研究

该试验采用组织解剖学调查法,对16种葡萄砧木的抗旱性与叶片解剖结构的关系进行了研究.结果表明:气孔密度、叶片组织紧密度、角质层厚度与抗旱性正相关,而气孔大小、叶片上表皮细胞大小与抗旱性负相关.     

The Influence of Low Oxygen Levels and Relative Humidity on Storage of Green Tomatoes

Green and red tomatoes were stored for 3 weeks at 10° C. in 100% nitrogen or low oxygen levels and at different relative humidities. Rots were controlled by 69–76% relative humidity (R.H.) but at 86–92% R.H. considerable fungal rotting was evident after 20 days of storage. Superficial discoloration of the skin occurred on green tomatoes stored in 1·5% or less O₂ but none occurred on those stored in 4–5% O₂.

Rots caused by Rhizopus spp. were more successfully controlled by lowering the relative humidity than were those caused by Fusarium or Alternaria spp. Rots following chilling were reduced by lowering the relative humidity.     

苹果梨贮藏保鲜技术

苹果梨个大、耐寒、丰产、质优,极耐贮藏。它是吉林省特产,已有70多年的栽培历史。栽培面积很大,在辽、冀、蒙、甘、宁、青、新等北方十几省区市均有栽培。在北方梨产区,许多地方已成为主栽品种。在延边地区,仅1996年栽培面积就达19000公顷,年产量约6万t。在1985年和1989年的全国农作物优良品种鉴评会上,曾两度被评为优良品种,名列梨类榜首,有“北方梨中之秀”的美誉。 1. 苹果梨的贮藏特性 1.1 耐低温贮藏 经试验研究表明,苹果梨在-3℃条件下开始受冻,其最适宜的贮藏温度为-1～0℃,这可有效降低其呼吸强度,减少营养物质损失。苹…