Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation of micropropagated persimmon plantlets

Summary

Growth, development and nutrient status of micropropagated persimmon (Diospyros kaki) ‘Rojo Brillante’ in response to inoculation with two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were studied under nursery conditions. The species of AM fungi were Glomus intraradices and G. mosseae. Shoot growth depression and low root colonization percentage were observed to G. mosseae inoculation. Shoot and root growth enhancements were observed for plants colonised by G. intraradices. Inoculated plantlets with G. intraradices and high level of controlled-release fertilizer signi®cantly decreased shoot height in relation to treatment with low fertilization level. Furthermore, G. intraradices had unique effects on the mineral status of the persimmon plantlets. N and Ca were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, within the shoot tissue of plants colonised by G. intraradices. Early inoculation with G. intraradices appears to favour growth of micropropagated persimmon plantlets.     

The effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on the development of micropropagated artichokes

In this work, microrosettes of Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus Fiori of the “catanese” type were subcultured in a medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.05 mg l⁻¹). For root induction, indoleacetic acid (IAA), α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyrric acid (IBA) were used at three concentrations: 2, 5 and 10 mg l⁻¹. The highest percentage of rooted shoots was aided by the presence of 10 mg l⁻¹ IAA.Once transplanted in pots, the plantlets were inoculated with 10 g Glomus viscosum strain A6 (AM fungus). Acclimatisation was clearly facilitated by the addition of the AM fungus. Indeed, the mycorrhizal plantlets registered a survival of between 90 and 95% for the rooting shoots and 60% for the non-rooting shoots.The botanical characterization of the material produced was carried out in field and was based on several morphological and productive parameters. Data collected confirm the characteristics of the original cultivar, the efficiency of the in vitro propagation material and the possibility of using this technique in early types of artichoke.     

盆栽果树管理技术

随着人民生活水平的提高,花卉盆景日益走进了居民家庭,它既可作盆景供人们欣赏,又能提供一定数量的果实,盆栽果树异军突起,越来越受到人们的喜爱,前景广阔.     

Improved growth of salinity-stressed citrus after inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi

The present investigation was conducted during 2006 and 2007 growing seasons in order to study the effects of different salinity levels on the growth and chemical composition of sour orange and Volkamer lemon rootstocks. Besides, this research was also undertaken to elucidate the efficiency of mycorrhizal colonization on controlling the various hazards accompanying salinity stress. One-year-old sour orange and Volkamer lemon rootstocks were kept in a glasshouse and irrigated with control (non-saline), 1500 ppm, 3000 ppm and 4500 ppm of salinity levels. Salinity decreased arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization. In both the AM and non AM, leaf area, trunk cross-sectional area, total, top, leaf and root dry weights were decreased under salinity. The plants inoculated with the AM fungus had significantly higher growth parameters compared to the non-inoculated plants. Increasing the salinity level tended to increase the concentrations of leaf Na, N, Ca and Cl while P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu decreased. On the contrary, inoculating the seedlings with AM tended to increase the levels of P, K, Mg and Zn. Whereas leaf N, Ca and Na of inoculated seedlings was significantly lower than that of un-inoculated ones. Leaf Cl, Fe, Mn and Cu contents did not statistically vary in this concern.     

转接方法和青霉素处理对葡萄试管苗芽孢杆菌抑制效应的研究

研究了用不同节位材料转接处理和不同浓度青霉素处理挽救在继代中被芽孢杆菌污染的葡萄试管苗的效果。结果表明，培养基灭完茵后未凝固时每升培养基中加入50ml 32万单位／L的青霉素钠溶液，能显著抑制芽孢杆菌发生，且试管苗生长正常。灭菌前加入青霉素的处理方法，虽对芽孢杆菌的抑制作用很强，但对试管苗的生长有明显抑制作用。经各种方法处理后获得的无芽孢材料，转接到改良B5培养基上均能正常生长且无芽孢再发生。     

Pear seedling responses to phosphorus,fumigation and mycorrhizal inoculation

The effects of P, fumigation and mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth and nutrient content of pear cv. Bartlett (Pyrus communis L.) seedlings were evaluated on the P-sorbing, Parkdale soil (Vitrandepts). The P treatment levels were 0.03, 0.04, 0.06, 0.09, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.40 mg P I-1 of soil solution, based on a P-sorption isotherm. At age 145 d, dry weight, plant height, and stem diameter responses to P and to biological treatments were highly significant as were all interactions. At P levels between 0.03 and 0.25 mg I'1 the greatest growth was observed in either the unfumigated control seedlings or those given the Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith treatment. At the highest P level thegreatest growth was observed in the plants treated with Glomus deserticola Trappe, Bloss & Menge. At the highest P level, mycorrhizal colonization and concentration of Zn and Cu declined in control plants, but not in inoculated plants.     

果树主要害虫测报方法

果园生态条件稳定,为各种昆虫的生存提供了优越的环境,导致果树害虫种类多、数量大,对果树生产产生严重不良影响,导致重大经济损失。而果树产品的果实都是直接供食用,安全性要求更加严格,进行害虫防治时,所用的方法和杀虫药剂残留情况必须符合无公害或绿色食品生产要求,这就增加了果树害虫的防治难度。只有掌握主要害虫的发生规律,进行准确的预测预报,才能为科学防治提供正确依据。     

果树节水灌溉研究进展

针对我国水资源缺乏、果树多年生、栽培面积大、经济效益高的特点,综述了工程节水技术和农艺节水技术在果树上的应用现状,分析了果树节水灌溉的理论体系及发展趋势。     

用果树做园林树种应注意的问题

用果树做园林树种可丰富园林景观，提高观赏效果。在设计时应考虑果树位置选择、区域规划和树种搭配等问题，养护中特别要重视整形修剪，提高其观赏价值。从长远考虑应注重培育适应园林绿化的果树品种。     

果树裂果原因及防治技术研究进展

果树裂果现象在果实发育过程中普遍存在,本文从果实的遗传因素、生理特征、矿质元素、外界环境、栽培方式等方面对果实裂果发生原因进行了分析,并提出相应防治对策。     

果树化学疏花疏果技术综述

化学疏花疏果是克服果树大小年与提高果品质量的一项重要手段。不同的化学药剂的疏除机理及使用方法有很大差异,在使用时应注意。目前化学疏花疏果技术主要在苹果、梨、桃、枣、杨梅上使用较多,效果也较好。树势、气候等因素影响化学疏除剂的使用效果。     

果树miRNAs研究进展

模式植物的研究表明,miRNA作为一种转录后调控因子,在植物的生长发育、逆境胁迫应答等生物学过程中发挥着重要的调节作用。截至目前,虽然已经从多种果树中鉴定了大量的miRNAs,但大多数miRNAs的靶基因和功能特性还不清楚。笔者总结了目前果树中miRNAs的研究进展,特别是miRNAs在葡萄(Vitis vinifera)、桃(Prunus per-sica)、梨(Pyrus spp.)、苹果(Malus domestica)和柑橘(Citrus spp.)等具有重要经济价值的果树等方面的作用,比如调控果树生长发育与果实品质、激素信号转导和环境胁迫应答。探讨了果树miRNAs的前景和研究方向。     

果树脱毒技术研究进展

本文着重对近年来在果树脱毒技术方面效果比较显著的技术进行了概述,并对果树脱毒技术研究的发展进行了展望。     

果树化学疏花疏果技术综述(续)

化学疏花疏果是克服果树大小年与提高果品质量的一项重要手段。不同的化学药刘的疏除机理及使用方法有很大差异,在使用时应注意。目前化学疏花疏果技术主要在苹果、梨、桃、枣、杨梅上使用较多,效果也较好。树势、气候等因素影响化学疏除剂的使用效果。     

青海野生果树资源

青海位于东经 89°3 5′～ 10 3°0 4′,北纬 3 1°3 9′～ 3 9°19′。日温差大 ,全年日照时数 2 3 14 .5～ 3 5 5 0小时 ,太阳辐射强 ,地形复杂 ,海拔多在 3 0 0 0 m以上 ,降水量少且分布不均匀 ,东湿西旱。东部为黄土栗钙土带 ,西部为荒漠土带 ,南部为高山土带。境内东北部为温带草原 ,西北部为温带荒漠 ,南部为高寒草原[1 ] 。1　野生果树分布区域青海野生果树主要分布于黄河、湟水河、大通河流域。依据地貌、气候、生态环境将其划分为四个区。1.1　西倾山区位于黄河以东以南的西倾山地区。野生果树种类丰富 ,有楸子、海棠、山楂、毛樱…     

设施果树熊蜂授粉试验

2005年进行了设施果园熊蜂授粉试验。结果表明:设施果树熊蜂授粉比蜜蜂授粉坐果率明显提高,其中油桃高25.5%、金太阳杏高1.02倍、李子高10.81%、大樱桃高66.41%、草莓高13.6%;果实成熟期提前3~5d;油桃、李子、大樱桃、草莓的单果质量分别高3.6、3.0、1.75、6.0g;油桃、李子、大樱桃平均株产分别高2.0、1.5、4.0kg。     

枣树保花保果技术

枣树是我县的乡土树种,栽培历史悠久,分布广泛。但过去成片成林的枣园不多,多为散生木或片块状疏林,规模小、效益低。为充分发挥自然资源优势,     

银杏容器育苗和丛枝菌根接种试验

研究了温室容器育苗结合 3种丛枝菌根真菌Glomusmosseae(Nicol.&Gerd .)Gerd .&Trappe ,GlomusintraradicesSchenck&Smith和Glomusversiforme(Karsten)Berch接种对银杏幼苗生长的影响。结果表明 ,温室营养钵接种后均显著提高了银杏的苗高、叶数、叶面积和叶片干重 ,其中接种处理苗高比未接种处理提高 14 8%～ 2 5 9% ;叶片干重提高14 4 %～ 33 2 %。温室营养钵育苗 ,各处理 (包括未接种对照 )苗木高度、叶数、叶面积、叶片干重、茎干重、根系干重等 ,均显著高于田间未接种处理 ,其中苗高提高 33 3%～ 6 7 9% ,叶片干重增加 15 3%～ 5 3 6 %。     

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on aster yellows phytoplasma-infected tobacco plants

The objective of the research was to asses if arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) can modify the effect of two aster yellows phytoplasma strains infection in tobacco plants. Tobacco plants experimentally inoculated with aster yellows phytoplasma strains did not develop visible disease symptoms. However, PCR examination indicated that the inoculated plants were phytoplasma infected. Mycorrhiza inoculation had a positive effect on the shoot height of healthy plants, but did not influence shoot growth and weight of phytoplasma-infected plants. The roots of all mycorrhiza-inoculated plants were slightly reduced but significant differences were found in the total root length of plants infected with the phytoplasma strain AY1. AM inoculation had a positive effect on photosynthetic activity of tobacco plants infected with the phytoplasma strain AYSim, but net photosynthesis of tobacco infected with the phytoplasma strain AY1 was decreased. Transpiration rate and calcium content of AM and phytoplasma-infected plants were not affected. The mechanisms underlying these interactions are discussed and a direct action of the AM fungus is hypothesized.     

观赏果树在城市园林中的应用

介绍了辽宁省城市园林中观赏果树的应用现状、观赏果树资源的筛选原则和主要观赏树种或品种的特点及应用