The influence of temperature on growth,bolting and yield of chicory cv. Rosso di Chioggia (Cichorium intybus L.)

Summary

This work on spring-grown chicory shows the influence of temperature from the first stages of development on the subsequent performance of the plant. Temperatures of 20-26°C from sowing to emergence proved most suitable for emergence. Faster growth of seedlings in the following 5-10 weeks was also observed. Moreover, temperatures of about 20°C during emergence proved sufficiently high to reduce the incidence of bolting, and increased marketable yield. These effects on bolting and yield were more evident after early transplanting. A strong reduction in bolting was also observed by delaying transplanting, but this was at the expense of early production. Postponing transplanting improved the number of leaves per plant and the average weight of the heads. Exposure of the seeds to 0°C for two weeks prior to sowing allowed faster emergence of seedlings compared with that of seedlings of seeds exposed to 20, 30 and 40°C. Low temperature also influenced the subsequent development of the plants, favouring their growth in the first three months of the cycle.     

Some physiological changes in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa ‘Camarosa’) plants under heat stress

Summary

The effects of heat injury induced by long exposures were evaluated in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa ‘plants’) Camarosa in this study. Seedlings were grown in 14 × 12 cm pots using perlite for three weeks at 25/10°C day/night temperature, and watered daily by modified 1/3 Hoagland nutrient solution. Half of the plants were transferred to a growth chamber with a constant 25°C, 16/8 h (light/dark) photoperiod regime and 1200 lux light intensity for a week to acclimate the plants. Temperature was increased stepwise (5 K per 48 h) to 30, 35, 40°C and finally to 45°C. In addition to others, plants were transferred from the outside to the growth chamber, at each temperature step to impose a heat shock. Leaf relative water content (RWC, %), loss of turgidity, chlorophyll content (Spad value) and heat-stress tolerance (HTS; LT₅₀) were measured in control and stressed plants. Total soluble proteins and total DNA were extracted from the leaves following the above treatments using standard procedures and total protein contents were determined using a Bradford assay. In general, effects of gradual heat stress (GHS) and shock heat stress (SHS) on the variables studied were mostly significant, except for chlorophyll content, while the effect of temperatures was significant for all the variables. Interaction between the heat stress type and temperature treatments was not significant for leaf RWC, loss of turgidity and chlorophyll content. Data also indicated that total protein and DNA contents were changed significantly by heat stress types (GHS and SHS) and/or temperature treatments. The plants exposed to GHS exhibited a significant increase in HST compared with the plants exposed to SHS (LT₅₀ of 41.5°C and 39°C, respectively). Consequently, gradual heat stress increased HST in strawberry leaves. Increased HST may be associated with the accumulation of several heat-stable proteins in GHS plants.     

PEG浸种对低温弱光下辣椒幼苗叶片部分生理指标的影响

以湘研1号辣椒为试验材料,用25%聚乙二醇（PEG）溶液处理种子,研究了在低温弱光胁迫下PEG处理对辣椒幼苗与抗冷性有关的部分生理指标的影响。结果表明：在15℃/5℃（昼/夜）低温,100μmol·m^-2·s^-1弱光下,辣椒幼苗地上部干质量、地下部干质量、株高、茎粗均降低;辣椒幼苗叶片细胞膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量升高,并随低温弱光处理时间的延长而增加;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势;可溶性蛋白含量呈逐渐下降趋势。PEG浸种处理可使辣椒幼苗地上部干质量、地下部干质量、株高、茎粗和叶片的SOD、POD活性、可溶性蛋白含量的下降幅度均较低温弱光对照显著减小,细胞膜透性、MDA与Pro含量的增加幅度均较对照显著降低,表明PEG浸种处理能够提高辣椒幼苗对低温弱光的适应能力。     

Low night-temperatures affect the metabolism of raffinose-family oligosaccharides in melon (Cucumis melo L.) leaves during fruit expansion

Summary

This study served to reveal the effects and mechanism of low night-temperatures on the metabolism of raffinose-family oligosaccharides in melon (Cucumis melo L.) leaves. We investigated the carbohydrate contents and sugar-metabolising enzyme activities in leaves under normal (15°C; control) and two low night-temperature (12°C or 9°C) conditions during fruit expansion. The results showed that the greatest difference in carbohydrate metabolism occurred between 9°C at night and the 15°C control. Compared to the normal night temperature, total carbohydrate accumulation, in particular raffinose, increased and the ratio of raffinose to total carbohydrates exhibited the greatest increase in melon leaves treated at 9°C at night, while the ratio of sucrose to total carbohydrates declined at the end of the same treatment. These data suggested that 9°C at night played an important role in partitioning carbon from sucrose to raffinose-family oligosaccharides (RFO), and that raffinose may serve dual purposes in stress protection and carbon storage. Meanwhile, the activities of sugar-metabolising enzymes were notably affected by 9°C at night. Sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and, in particular, galactinol and stachyose synthase activities decreased markedly, while acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) activities increased sharply, which restricted sucrose and RFO synthesis. Overall, these data suggest that the decline in stachyose and galactinol synthase activities were the main limiting factor for RFO synthesis in melon leaves at 9°C at night. They also indicated that the reduction in stachyose metabolism may be an important factor during the development of unmarketable fruit.     

The susceptibility of pepper (Capsicum annuum) to heat induced flower abscission: Possible involvement of ethylene

SUMMARY

Heat stress causes abscission of flowers in pepper plants and thus reduces yield. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of ethylene in heat-stress related flower abscission, by comparing the response of flowers of bell pepper, cv. Maor, known to be sensitive to flower abscission, and flowers of paprika, cv. Lehava, a resistant cultivar of Capsicum annuum. Their differing susceptibilities to high temperatures depend on light. Under high-temperature, high-light conditions, bell pepper was less susceptible than paprika, but, under high-temperature low-light, bell pepper was more susceptible. At high temperatures, flower explant abscission was much higher with bell pepper than paprika. Ethylene production (EP) by bell pepper explants reached a maximum at 34°C and decreased at higher temperatures (42 and 48 C), while in paprika EP rates were lower and reached the maximum at 42°C. Explants of bell pepper flowers were more susceptible to exogenous ethephon than paprika flowers. The sensitivity of a collection of pepper cul-tivars to heat induced flower abscission was more closely correlated with their flower sensitivity to ethephon than with the flower EP rate. We suggest that the differential susceptibility of bell pepper and paprika to heat stress is a result of both different ethylene production by their flowers and their differing sensitivities to ethylene produced under high-temperature stress. However, the sensitivity of the flower to ethylene may be more important in inducing their abscission.     

Effect of temperature on growth,dry matter production and starch accumulation in ten mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars

Summary

Ten mango cultivars of tropical and subtropical origin (Carabao, Kensington, Nam Dok Mai, Alphonso, Dashehari, Florigon, Glenn, Irwin, Haden and Sensation) were grafted onto cv. Kensington seedling rootstock and held at four day/night temperatures for 20 weeks (15/10°C, 20/15°C, 25/20°C and 30/25°C). Vegetative growth increased with increasing temperatures. All grew vegetatively at 25/20°C and 30/25°C. Cultivars which did not grow at 20/15°C were Carabao, Kensington and Dashehari. Cultivars Kensington, Nam Dok Mai, Alphonso, Florigon, Glenn, Irwin, Haden and Sensation produced flower panicles at 15/10°C. The rise in temperature increased the average number of growth flushes (in responsive cultivars) from 0.48 at 15/10°C to 3.21 at 30/25°C, and the number of leaves per growth flush (1.22 at 15/10°C to 13.63 at 30/25°C). Distribution of dry matter from new growth was mostly to the roots at the lowest temperature (95% at 15/10°C) and to the leaves (58%) at 30/25°C. The mean daily temperature for zero vegetative growth was calculated to be 15°C. Temperature and related growth activity also affected the concentration of starch in the woody tissue of rootstock trunks at the end of 20 weeks (15.9% starch at 15/10°C v. 4.8% starch at 30/25°C). ‘Irwin’ had the highest starch concentration at the two higher temperatures (twice that of any other cultivar at 30/25°C) while ‘Kensington’ the lowest starch level at 25/20°C, ca. 50% of most other cultivars.     

甜椒CaHSP26的cDNA克隆与表达

 用RT-PCR技术从热激处理的甜椒(Capsicum annuum L. ) 叶片中克隆了叶绿体小分子量热激蛋白(sHSP) 基因的cDNA序列, 其全长为917 bp, 命名为CaHSP26。Southern杂交分析表明该基因在甜椒基因组中为单基因。Northern杂交结果显示该基因在甜椒根、茎、叶中受高温诱导表达。高温( 50℃)胁迫下, 在大肠杆菌中异源表达CaHSP26可以维持大肠杆菌较高的细胞活力。这些结果表明在高温胁迫下植物叶绿体sHSP对细胞具有保护作用。     

CaCl_2对NaCl胁迫下酸枣苗AsA-GSH循环的影响

以酸枣(Ziziphus acidojujuba C.Y.Cheng et M.J.Liu)水培实生幼苗为试材,研究了CaCl_2对NaCl胁迫下其根、茎、叶中抗坏血酸—谷胱甘肽循环(AsA-GSH)的影响。结果表明:与对照(日本园试配方营养液)相比,NaCl处理下根和叶中AsA含量升高,MDHAR活性升高,APX活性下降;根、茎、叶中GSH含量升高。NaCl+CaCl_2处理与NaC处理相比,根和茎中AsA含量进一步升高,叶中AsA含量下降,叶中APX下降,根中MDHAR活性进一步升高,茎和叶中DHAR活性升高;根和叶中GSH含量下降。外源CaCl_2可能通过提高酸枣实生苗根、茎和叶中AsA再生关键酶MDHAR和DHAR活性,促进根和茎中AsA的再生与生物合成,从而提高根、茎清除过量H_2O_2的能力,缓解NaCl胁迫对酸枣幼苗根和茎部的伤害。     

嫁接对高温和低温胁迫下辣椒幼苗快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学特性的影响

以辣椒材料‘P205’和‘野力姆’为砧木,以‘三道筋’为接穗进行嫁接,研究了嫁接对高温（45 ± 1）℃和低温（4 ± 1）℃胁迫下辣椒快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学特性的影响。结果表明：温度胁迫引起自根苗叶片快速叶绿素荧光诱导曲线（OJIP）发生显著变化,J、I、P相降低明显。JIP-test分析显示,荧光诱导曲线中出现了明显K相,且自根苗和嫁接苗在高温胁迫后的ΔK值均高于低温胁迫,说明辣椒叶片光合机构更易受到高温胁迫的损伤。温度胁迫降低了自根苗和嫁接苗的最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、性能指数（PI_abs）,其中PI_abs对温度胁迫更敏感。自根苗和嫁接苗叶片的反应中心单位面积上吸收（ABS/CS_m）、捕获（TR_o/CS_m）和传递（ET_o/CS_m）的光能以及反应中心数量（RC/CS_m）在温度逆境中下降,而J相相对可变荧光（V_J）、热耗散量子比率（Ψ_Do）、单位面积的热耗散（DI_o/CS_m）和综合性能指数（PI_total）升高,其中自根苗所有荧光参数值均与常温对照差异显著。砧木‘P205’嫁接苗和砧木‘野力姆’嫁接苗分别对高温和低温胁迫具有较好的适应性。自根苗和嫁接苗叶片的PI_total在温度逆境下均大幅升高,胁迫解除后又迅速恢复,表明在温度胁迫下辣椒叶片光系统Ⅰ（PSⅠ）的受损伤程度较PSⅡ低。     

干旱胁迫对杏脂氧合酶活性的影响

为了研究脂氧合酶(LOX)在植物干旱反应中的作用,以抗旱的山杏和抗旱性弱的龙王帽实生苗为试材,观察了自然干旱过程中叶片的生长状况以及测定了土壤含水量、新叶生长率、叶片脱落率、根和叶片的LOX活性。结果表明,在自然干旱过程中随着土壤含水量的降低,山杏和龙王帽的新叶增长率也下降。干旱后期山杏比龙王帽的新叶增长速率下降快、生长停止早。干旱使山杏比龙王帽叶片早脱落,而且落叶比率明显高于龙王帽。自然干旱时杏的LOX活性表现为叶片升高,在根中变化不大。而且山杏叶片的LOX活性增加幅度比龙王帽大,峰值出现比龙王帽早。因此,干旱条件下抗旱的山杏叶片脂氧合酶活性比龙王帽提早增加而且叶片易早脱落。山杏叶片LOX活性急剧升高出现在叶片萎蔫衰老之前,推测LOX活性增强可能与引发衰老有关。     

外源亚精胺对辣椒幼苗干旱胁迫的缓解效应

以小果形辣椒Criollo de Morelos 334(CM334)和大果形辣椒Early Calwonder(EC)为试材,研究了在不浇水干旱胁迫开始时和胁迫期间喷施外源亚精胺(Spd)对辣椒幼苗叶片耐旱相关生理指标的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫条件下,辣椒叶片萎蔫指数(WI)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率(REC)升高,而外源喷施Spd可以缓解这些生理指标的升高,且在胁迫初期喷施亚精胺会使缓解作用更加明显。EC幼苗叶片中这些生理指标均低于CM334,说明前者的耐旱性高于后者。干旱胁迫和外源喷施Spd均未对辣椒叶片的叶绿素含量产生影响。     

辣椒苗期耐热性及其生理生化特性研究

对6个耐热性不同的辣椒品种进行高温处理,计算热害指数,并研究辣椒幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶的活性变化,以及丙二醛、脯氨酸的含量变化。结果表明,辛香8号和辛香24号耐热性较强;随着胁迫温度的升高,辣椒叶片中SOD的活性均表现为先上升后下降;POD活性与品种耐热性无明显相关性;MDA含量和脯氨酸含量与胁迫温度呈正相关。SOD活性、PRO和MDA含量变化可以作为辣椒耐热性鉴定的生理指标,而POD活性则不适合用于鉴定辣椒的耐热性。     

NO 和ABA 对辣椒幼苗自毒作用缓解的生理生化机制

 为探究NO 和ABA 对辣椒幼苗自毒作用缓解的生理生化机制,以蛭石珍珠岩混合基质栽培 的辣椒‘陇椒2 号’幼苗为材料,用连作3 年辣椒的土壤和基质浸提液浇灌幼苗,研究喷施外源SNP（NO 供体,150 μmol · L-1）和ABA（100 μmol · L-1）对自毒作用下辣椒幼苗叶片的抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化剂 和渗透调节物质含量、膜脂过氧化损伤的影响。结果表明,土壤和基质浸提液均导致辣椒幼苗叶片超氧 化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,以及脱氢抗坏血酸（DHA）含量 的下降;还原型抗坏血酸（AsA）、脯氨酸（Pro）、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）含量,以及相对电导率 和AsA/DHA 上升;土壤浸提液胁迫程度显著大于基质浸提液。外源NO 和ABA 处理显著提高辣椒幼苗 叶片的SOD、POD 和CAT 活性,以及Pro 和可溶性蛋白含量,降低MDA 含量和相对电导率,显著促进 AsA 含量升高和DHA 含量下降,维持较高的AsA/DHA,NO 对自毒作用下辣椒幼苗氧化损伤的缓解效应 显著好于ABA。研究结果表明外源NO 和ABA 通过提高自毒作用下辣椒抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含 量和AsA/DHA 比值,有效地阻止辣椒体内MDA 积累和电解质渗漏,缓解自毒作用对辣椒幼苗造成的膜 脂过氧化,增强辣椒的抗逆性。     

失水胁迫下辣椒幼苗离体叶片光合作用对弱光的响应

 以弱光耐受性不同的4个辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）自交系为试材,在人工气候室的受控环境中研究叶片短期离体失水胁迫条件下光合作用对弱光（75～100 μmol·m-2·s-1）的响应。结果表明,对于正常光照或弱光环境下的辣椒幼苗,在轻度和中度水分胁迫下,气孔限制因素是引起叶片光合速率下降的主要因素,而严重的水分胁迫使光合速率大幅度下降则是受非气孔因素的限制。在轻度和中度水分胁迫时,辣椒叶片光合作用对弱光的响应较迟缓,即弱光下光合速率随叶片相对含水量（RLWC）减小而下降的趋势相对缓慢,光合速率对水分的变化不敏感。失水胁迫下辣椒（果实味辣）对弱光的适应性强于甜椒（果实味甜）。弱光环境下生长的辣椒叶片水势较高,水合补偿点有减小的趋势。     

Floral induction in tropical fruit trees: Effects of temperature and water supply

Summary

Floral induction in tropical trees generally follows a check in vegetative growth. However, it is not easy to identify the environmental factors involved in flowering, which normally occurs during the dry season when temperatures are also often lower. The separate and combined effects of temperature and water supply on floral induction were investigated in ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana), ‘Lisbon’ lemon (Citrus limon). ‘Wai Chee’ litchi (Litchi chinensis) and ‘Sensation’ mango (Mangifera indica). Low temperatures (15°/10°C or 15°/10°C and 20°/15°C compared with 30°/25°C and 25°/20°C) generally decreased vegetative growth and induced flowering in well-watered avocado, litchi and mango. A pre-dawn leaf water potential (ψ_L) of ?1.7 to ?3.5 MPa compared with ?0.4 to ?0.7 MPa in control avocado and litchi, and a pre-dawn relative water content (R.W.C.) of 90-93% compared with 97% or above in control mango plants also reduced or eliminated vegetative growth, but did not induce flowering. Low temperatures (15°/10°C compared with 20°/5°C, 25°/20°C or 30°/25°C) and water stress (pre-dawn ψ_L of ?2.0 to ?3.5 MPa compared with ?0.7 to ?0.8 MPa in controls) reduced or eliminated vegetative growth in lemon. In contrast to the response in avocado, litchi and mango, flowering in lemon was very weak in the absence of water stress at 15°/10°C or outdoors in Brisbane in subtropical Australia (Lat. 28°S), and was greatest after a period of water stress. The number of flowers increased with the severity and duration of water stress (two, four or eight weeks) and was generally greater after constant rather than with cyclic water stress. In lemon and litchi, net photosynthesis declined with increasing water stress reaching zero with a midday ψ_L of ?3.5 to ?4.0 MPa. This decline in carbon assimilation appeared to be almost entirely due to stomatal closure. Despite the reduction in midday CO₂ assimilation, starch concentration increased during water stress, especially in the branches, trunk and roots of lemon. Leaf starch was uniformly low. The number of flowers per tree in lemon was strongly correlated with starch in the branches (r²=77%, P<0.01) and roots (r²=74%, P<0.001). In litchi, starch was lower than in lemon roots and was not related to flowering.

In separate experiments to test the interaction between temperature and water supply, low day/night temperatures (23°/18° and 18°/15°C compared with 29°/25°C) reduced vegetative growth and induced flowering in avocado, litchi and mango. None of these species flowered at 29°/25°C or as a result of water stress (ψ_L of ?1.5 MPa compared with ?0.3 MPa for avocado and ?2.0 MPa compared with ?0.5 MPa for litchi, and R.W.C, of 90-93% compared with 95-96% in mango). In contrast, in lemon, flowering was very weak (<10 flowers per tree) in the absence of water stress (pre-dawn ψ_L of ?2.0 MPa compared with ?0.5 MPa) and was only heavy (>35 flowers per tree) after stressed trees were rewatered. There were slightly more flowers at 18°/15°C than at 23°/18° and 29°/25°C in control plants, but no effect of temperature in stressed plants. Starch concentration in the roots of avocado, lemon, litchi and mango was generally higher at 18°/15°C and 23°/18°C than at 29°/25°C. Water stress increased the starch concentration in the roots of lemon and litchi and decreased it in avocado. There was no effect in mango. There was a weak relation (r²=57%, P<0.05) between the number of flowers per tree in lemon and the concentration of starch in the roots. In contrast, there was no significant relationship between flowering and starch levels under the various temperature and water regimes in the other species. In another experiment, only vegetative growth in litchi and mango occurred at 30°/25°C and only flowering at 15°/10°C. Six weeks of water stress (pre-dawn ψ_L of ?2.5 MPa compared with ?1.0 MPa or higher in litchi, and R.W.C, of 90-93% compared with 95% or higher in mango) in a heated glasshouse (30°C days/20°C night minimum) before these temperature treatments did not induce flowering.

Temperatures below 25°C for avocado and below 20°C for litchi and mango are essential for flowering and cannot be replaced by water stress. The control of flowering in lemon over the range of day temperatures from 18°C to 30°C differed from that of the other species in being mainly determined by water stress. Flowering was generally weak in well-watered plants even with days at 18°C. Starch did not appear to control flowering.     

Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Temperature on the Growth of Young Seedlings of Syringa Vulgaris L.

The application of gibberellic acid (0, 5, 20 and 80 µg) to seedlings of Syringa vulgaris L. about two weeks after germination increased significantly the total length, the length of internodes and the dry weight (d.w.) of shoots and the net assimilation rate. GA₃ also had a small but significant positive effect on the number of pairs of leaves, especially at high temperatures; it increased the girth, but this effect was not significant.

GA₃ reduced significantly the d.w. of roots and leaves but did not affect the leaf/root ratio. GA₃ had no effect on the total plant d.w. or the relative growth rate.

The effect of GA₃ on shoot growth was dependent on temperature and on the stage of growth. One and two weeks after its application it had the maximum relative effect at high temperatures (21–24 °C) but at the end of the experiment (8.5 weeks) the maximum effect was reached at 12 °C; it decreased with increasing temperature and was not significant at 24 °C. By this stage there were, however, no statistical interactions between temperature and GA₃ for total length and for d.w. of shoots, roots, leaves and of the whole plant.

Increasing temperatures over the range 12–24 °C resulted in increases in the following characteristics: the number of pairs of leaves; length of internodes, diameter and total length of the shoot; the d.w. of shoots, roots, leaves and of the whole plant; the d.w. ratios of leaves/roots and shoots/roots; and the relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. High temperatures reduced the root/whole plant dry weight ratio. The effect of temperature on the number of pairs of leaves was linear, and results at alternating temperatures (24°/18° and 21°/15 °C, 8 hr/16 hr) did not deviate significantly from values expected on the basis of mean daily temperature.     

水杨酸对盐胁迫下辣椒种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

该试验对NaCl胁迫下生长的辣椒幼苗进行水杨酸(SA)处理,分别采用浸种法和水培法在种子萌发期和幼苗期进行研究,以期研究外源SA对盐胁迫下作物生长的缓解作用,降低盐胁迫对作物的伤害,提高中、轻度盐碱地的利用率。结果表明:盐胁迫会抑制辣椒种子的萌发和幼苗生长,当SA浓度为0.15 mmol·L^-1时,种子的发芽势、发芽率等最高,缓解盐胁迫的效果最佳;利用外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下的辣椒苗进行生长调控,叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)显著降低,细胞间隙CO₂浓度(Ci)持续升高,表明SA可以缓解盐胁迫对植物的抑制作用,提高叶片光合作用的效率,同时与NaCl处理相比,叶绿素含量在第3、6、9天分别增加51%、34%、40%,这表明SA可以缓解盐胁迫对辣椒幼苗的生长抑制,促进叶片叶绿素的合成,保护其光合作用,维持植物的正常生长。     

NaCl胁迫对番茄嫁接苗保护酶活性、渗透调节物质含量及光合特性的影响

 在NaCl胁迫下, 对番茄嫁接苗和自根苗的保护酶活性、渗透调节物质含量及光合特性等进行了比较。结果表明, 番茄嫁接苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶( SOD) 、过氧化物酶( POD) 和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX) 活性以及抗坏血酸(AsA) 含量均显著高于自根苗, 丙二醛(MDA) 含量显著低于自根苗; 嫁接苗叶片游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量均显著高于自根苗; NaCl胁迫抑制光合作用, 但嫁接苗仍表现出优势; 嫁接苗根系Na + /K+比值显著低于自根苗。以上结果表明, 嫁接苗耐盐性优于自根苗。     

氮胁迫对平邑甜茶水培苗的生理效应

以当年生平邑甜茶(MalushupehensisRehd.)实生苗为试材,用水培实验方法,研究氮胁迫对其引起的生理效应。通过8周的处理,对平邑甜茶的功能叶和根系进行相关指标的检测,结果如下:用电导仪进行抗逆性测定,伤害率由大到小依次为功能叶、吸收根、生长根和木质根。N胁迫影响了功能叶和根系中的N代谢。与MN(middleN)相比,N胁迫各处理的可溶性蛋白含量均下降。功能叶中游离氨基酸总量表现为HN(highN)>LN(lowN)>MN,而根系中表现为MN>HN>LN。各器官中,以功能叶和吸收根对N胁迫最为敏感。N胁迫还改变了功能叶和吸收根内的ABA、IAA、ZRs、GA3的含量,从而影响了激素平衡。此外,通过电镜观察可知,N胁迫破坏了叶绿体和吸收根根尖细胞的超微结构。     

营养液低氧胁迫对网纹甜瓜嫁接苗逆境指标的影响

以耐低氧性较弱的西域1号网纹甜瓜自根苗为对照，研究了丝瓜和南瓜砧木嫁接对网纹甜瓜耐低氧性的影响。结果表明，低氧胁迫时，两种嫁接苗根系和叶片相对电导率、MDA含量均明显低于网纹甜瓜自根苗，而叶绿素含量、根系活力、脯氨酸含量和SOD、POD、CAT活性则明显高于自根苗；两种砧木嫁接苗之间各指标也有一定的差异。低氧胁迫下植株耐低氧性与植株的抗氧化能力和细胞膜结构的稳定性有关，丝瓜和南瓜砧木均可提高网纹甜瓜的耐低氧性。