Propagation of Plants by Root Cuttings: I. Regeneration of Raspberry Root Cuttings

Some varieties of raspberries can readily be propagated from root cuttings. The method is more rapid than the traditional use of root suckers and might be useful in the initial multiplication of raspberry clones. Recommendations are made regarding choice and preparation of parent root material, method of making and planting cuttings, and subsequent management of the plants produced. The behaviour of raspberry root cuttings at various seasons and in different environments is described and discussed.     

Propagation of Black Currants from Single-Bud Cuttings

Black currants are readily propagated from single-bud hardwood cuttings approximately i inch long, with the bud at the top and planted vertically. The best part of the shoot from which to take such cuttings is the lower- mid portion (buds 15-22).

Optimum rooting is obtained from cuttings planted in January, February and March after dormancy has broken in the field, but by using 24-hour day-length successful rooting can be extended from October to March. The emergence of flowers in March-planted cuttings slightly reduces rooting.

Thirteen commercial varieties have been propagated successfully by this method.

Suitable softwood and semi- hardwood cuttings are available when the current season's shoots are 12 nodes or more in length, i.e. normally in late April. When these are planted in a propagation frame with soil heating, good rooting is obtained from April to June provided the subtending leaf is retained during the rooting period.

Twenty-four-hour day-length increases the rooting of cuttings planted in July; lack of rooting after July is attributed to early leaf abscission, the initiation of flowers and the onset of dormancy.     

Notes on the Vegetative Propagation of Cacao by Cuttings

Many investigations at the West African Cacao Research Institute require the production of uniform clones of cacao. Although Amelonado, which is the name adopted for the most predominant variety of cacao in West Africa, appears to be genetically uniform, it has been considered advisable to use self-rooted clones for such detailed work as the definition of virus symptomatology. Also many of the Institute’s disease and pest resistant selections are known to be heterozygous types of cacao, and investigations on these must of necessity be carried out on clonal material. Cacao can be rapidly propagated by budding, but this method introduces the variability associated with seedling rootstocks.     

菠萝蜜“一叶一芽”绿枝扦插技术研究

将菠萝蜜1年生嫩枝剪成段,每段插穗带1片完整叶片,生根处理后扦插,喷施叶面肥管理,测定其生根成活情况,并试验插穗不同部位扦插的效果。结果表明,插穗经200 mg/L IBA+NAA+动物骨灰浸出液生根处理后扦插,加上叶面喷施有机营养液可有效提高插穗发根率和成活率,并增加根量。同一枝梢,中部生根成苗效果最好。     

野生花卉蓝刺头的根插繁殖

对蓝刺头进行了根插材料和扦插基质的筛选试验,结果表明:根粗在0.5～0.8cm、长3cm扦插效果好,诱导愈伤率、不定芽数、生根数及扦插成活率均高于其它处理,为最佳根繁材料.不同基质在促进蓝刺头插稳发芽和生根方面差异显著,其中河沙:草炭=1:1扦插最为理想.根插10d后,插穗上端首先形成白色突起状愈伤组织,然后分化出不定芽,20d后,下端分化出不定根,通过细胞学观察,其不定芽及不定根发生部位均为中柱鞘周围的细胞,为内生起源.     

激素处理和取穗枝条部位对长春花扦插生根的影响

以盆栽红色长春花为试材,研究了激素处理和取穗枝条部位对长春花扦插生根的影响.结果表明:用单一激素NAA、IBA、ABT-6进行处理时,以50 m/L ABT-6处理的扦插生根效果较好,生根率达63.70％,平均生根数4.31条,平均根长1.27 cm;50 mg/L ABT-6溶液浸泡9h效果优于其它时间处理,生根率达82.96％,平均生根数6.61条,平均根长2.40 cm;2种激素组合以ABT-6 50 mg/L+NAA 15 mg/L最好,生根率达100％,平均生根数11.76条,平均根长4.68 cm;不同取穗部位插穗的扦插效果,中部＞下部＞上部,中部生根率达100％,平均生根数12.51条,平均根长5.01 cm.     

生长调节剂对柳莓枝插生根的影响

研究了2种植物生长调节剂对柳莓1 a生枝扦插生根的影响。结果表明:柳莓为皮部生根类型,属较易生根植物;分别用255、01、00 mg/kg的3个浓度的IBA和NAA浸泡12 h,并以清水作为对照,均能促进生根,其中以100 mg/kg IBA药剂处理12 h的生根率最高,达到了80%,根系发育指数为19.00。     

6种宿根花卉挥发性物质抑菌效应初报

 研究陕西关中地区常见的6种宿根花卉植物叶片的挥发性物质对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213 菌株、大肠杆菌DH10B、枯草芽孢杆菌FM2S2及酿酒酵母菌的抑制作用, 结果显示: 6种植物对供试微生物都有一定的抑制效果, 其中秋菊‘贵妃红’、‘美丽芍药’、‘金娃娃’萱草、‘金娃娃’萱草+ ‘美丽芍药’、‘短茎鸢尾’ + ‘美丽芍药’的抑制效果较为明显, 抑菌率可达30%以上。     

IBA对文冠果硬枝扦插根系形态指标的影响

对文冠果硬枝扦插苗生根根系形态特征进行定量分析,研究其根系总长度、根系总表面积、总体积等根系形态指标及其与IBA浓度变化的关系.结果表明:与清水对照(CK)相比较,IBA显著(P＜0.05)提高了插穗根系总根长、总表面积、总体积形态指标;随着IBA浓度的升高,根系各形态指标呈现先升高后降低的趋势,总根长和总表面积峰值均出现在IBA浓度为800 mg/L,且生根率达到了65.40％;经IBA处理的插穗生根根系主要分布在径级＞2.0 mm区间;根系总根长、总表面积、总体积与IBA浓度相关性均达到显著性水平.经回归分析,当IBA浓度保持在795～820 mg/L时,文冠果插穗可获得较高的根系形态指标.     

The Effect of Scion on Root.: II. Stem-Worked Apples.

Summary

The effects of seed coat removal and chilling on the germination of seeds of ten cultivars of ornamental peach (Prunus persica Batsch) were investigated. Seeds were rinsed in running tap water for 48 h in order to facilitate seed coat removal. Only a few non-chilled, intact seeds germinated (e.g., 6% of ‘Hito’ seeds). Seed coat removal and no chilling resulted in some seed germination in eight of the ten cultivars, ranging from 6% to 83%. Chilling intact seeds at 5°C for up to 10 weeks resulted in greater frequencies of germination (average = 85% germination) than seed coat removal before (average = 80%) or after chilling (average = 73%). There was a linear decrease in the germination percentage with an increase in abscisic acid (ABA) content for ‘Yaguchi’,‘Kanpaku’, and ‘Kikumomo’ seeds (R = –0.66; P <0.001). The most consistent decrease in total seed ABA content (average of 64%) occurred during the 48 h rinsing period. In ‘Kanpaku’, dry seeds had an intermediate ABA content (13 ng per seed); but, in the embryonic axes, this increased from 0.03 ng to 1.2 ng per seed with an increase in the duration of the chilling period. The lowest germination percentages were found in this cultivar. These results suggest that ABA synthesis in the embryonic axes during chilling may affect the varietal characteristic of seed dormancy, and that rinsing seeds for >48 h could remove sufficient ABA to allow seed germination with minimum chilling.     

康乃馨扦插繁殖中对生根剂的优选

用ABT和IBA,NAA,B1不同的配比对康乃馨插穗进行5种不同的扦插生根处理,结果表明:6 g/kg IBA 2g/ kg NAA 0.5 g/kg B1配比的生根粉的效果最为理想,生根率达97%以上,成苗率达85%.     

Studies in the Development of the Strawberry: II. Stolon Production by First-Year Plants in 1952

Studies were carried out on the assumption that incompatibility and dwarfness of budded citrus trees result from impaired carbohydrate movement through the bud union. During autumn and winter, carbohydrates move from the tree tops to the roots and accumulate there as starch. The starch level can therefore serve as a measure of this movement.

This study included seven rootstock varieties all budded with Shamouti orange scion. Unbudded rootstocks were included for purposes of comparison.

The starch level was determined in the winter at three locations along the trunk, below and above the bud union.

No clear indication was found of impaired carbohydrate movement through the bud union of stock-scion combinations showing very low growth vigour.

The starch level in bark and wood in the rootstock portion of trunks of budded trees was found to be negatively correlated with tree size. This indicates that the level of starch in the trunk results from the growth vigour of the tree and is not a factor which affects it.

No relation was found between starch level in the scion and tree size. Based on these findings the conclusion was reached that incompatibility and low growth vigour in citrus do not seem to result from impaired carbohydrate movement through the trunk and starvation of the roots.     

低磷胁迫下平邑甜茶根构型与磷吸收特性的变化

为揭示苹果适应低磷胁迫的机制,以平邑甜茶[Malus hupehensis （Pamp）Rehd.]为材料,采用水培方式研究了缺磷和复磷条件下根系磷吸收和根构型参数的变化。结果显示,平邑甜茶幼苗在缺磷营养液中培养120 h期间,根系磷最大吸收速率始终高于对照,并趋向一个较稳定的差值;缺磷处理最初12 h内根系磷吸收米氏常数Km值提高,但72～120 h明显下降。缺磷处理的平邑甜茶幼苗转到完全营养液中培养12～120 h,根系对磷的转运效率影响不大,而与磷的亲和力下降,并逐渐恢复到正常状态。平邑甜茶幼苗在缺磷条件下培养至11 d时,一级侧根总长度低于对照,但在17～26 d时,一级侧根总长度明显提高。结果表明,平邑甜茶在短期内主要通过磷吸收动力学的变化来适应缺磷胁迫,较长时期则通过根构型的变化来适应。     

Propagation of Lilium hybrids. II. Production of plantlets from bulb-scale callus cultures for increased propagation rates

A method has been developed for the large-scale propagation of lilies from callus cultures. Bulb scales, being available at all times, are an ideal source of explants. Callus was induced throughout the annual cycle of all the 12 Oriental hybrid cultivars tested, by treating the bulb scales with a combination of 5 μM BA and 5 μM 2,4-D. Once initiated, this callus grew vigorously on media lacking exogenous growth substances. Callus induction by BA and 2,4-D, and the subsequent growth of such callus in the absence of exogenous growth substances, occurs within a broad range of cultivars and species within the genus. The callus could be maintained on a medium lacking ammonium salts, but the maximum growth rate was obtained at 10 mM NH₄NO₃. At low (0.2 mM) or zero levels of NH₄NO₃, light as compared with darkness was inhibitory to growth.The callus maintained its capacity for organogenesis. Maximum production of plantlets was obtained in continuous light on agar medium with 0.5 μM NAA.Potentially, the successive use of liquid and agar cultures can produce 6 × 10¹² plants per year from 1 g (dry wt.) of callus. Plantlets derived from callus were consistently diploid and could be readily transferred to soil.     

Regeneration of The Hop Plant (Humulus Lupulus L.) from Softwood Cuttings.

The carbohydrate resources of softwood hop cuttings were modified by supplying sugars, in solution, during a 5-day pre-rooting dark period. At low light intensity, where cuttings were maintained at about compensation point, the effect of such sugar pre-treatment was to cause large increases in rooting, compared with cuttings of low initial carbohydrate status. At higher light intensity, however, where considerable accumulation of carbohydrate took place during the rooting period, the only effect of initial differences in carbohydrate status was in the time at which roots were first observed ; the subsequent rate of rooting and final number of roots were determined by the environmental conditions.     

2012-2017年水生蔬菜价格波动分析

为了揭示我国水生蔬菜价格波动规律,依据农产品价格信息网对我国水生蔬菜批发价格的实时监控数据,选取莲藕、茭白及芋头3种水生蔬菜,从年度价格、月度价格、不同区域3个维度对其价格走势进行分析.结果表明,3种主要水生蔬菜价格波动具有明显的季节性,不同年份间价格走势趋于一致;主产区水生蔬菜价格相对较低,较全国而言,具有一定的价格优势.     

响应葡萄根瘤蚜侵染的扩展蛋白基因筛选及其多克隆抗体的制备

以对葡萄根瘤蚜敏感的‘克瑞森无核’葡萄(Vitis vinifera ‘Crimson Seedless’)组培苗和抗性砧木‘1103P’组培苗为试材,通过荧光定量PCR技术从扩展蛋白基因家族中筛选到经根瘤蚜侵染后表达上调的扩展蛋白基因家族成员VvEXPA1。采用RT-PCR方法克隆到VvEXPA1基因片段,连接至原核表达载体pET-32a中,转化大肠杆菌DE3菌株,测序确定构建的重组载体pET32a-VvEXPA1开放阅读框正确,并经IPTG诱导表达了融合蛋白。该蛋白以包涵体的形式存在,纯化后免疫新西兰兔,制备扩展蛋白多克隆抗体,通过Western-blot和ELISA检测抗体的特异性及效价。结果显示制备的抗体具有较高的特异性,ELISA显示效价为1:51 200。