提高养殖专业专科生《生物统计学》学习兴趣的方法探索

针对高职高专院校养殖专业《生物统计学》教学工作中所存在的问题,提出了提高养殖专业专科生学习《生物统计学》兴趣的方法,以期为进一步改进教学方法和提高教学质量提供理论依据。     

畜牧专业本科生《生物统计学》教学方法改革探讨

本文对畜牧专业本科生的《生物统计学》课程教学方法改革进行了探讨。主要从注重方法原理的理解与掌握、授课形式方法、考核模式、提高教师专业素质等方面进行了论述,为提高畜牧专业本科生《生物统计学》课程教学水平提供一些观点和参考意见。     

有效结合SPSS统计软件,提高《生物统计学》教学效果

《生物统计学》是高等农业院校生物学相关专业的专业基础课程,是生物学领域科学研究和实际工作中必不可少的基础工具。但是其理论相对抽象、复杂,课程内容量大,学生很难掌握,课程结束后实际应用能力也不强。为了提高教学效果,将SPSS软件与《生物统计学》教学实践有机结合起来,对传统的教学方法进行改革、创新,分别从教学形式、SPSS统计软件上机实践、准双语教学的引入等方面进行改革和优化,显著提高了《生物统计学》的教学效果,并有效提高了学生应用《生物统计学》解决实际问题的综合能力。     

高职生物统计学教学效果影响因素的实证分析

为了解高职生物统计学教学效果的影响因素,以辽宁省某高职学院畜牧兽医专业学生为研究对象,采用logistic回归分析模型拟合生物统计学考试成绩与教师、学生两方面各因素的相互关系。调查结果表明高职学生对生物统计学知识的掌握程度较低且参差不齐;影响高职生物统计学教学效果的主要因素有7个（P〈0.05）,按重要程度教师方面因素依次为教学方法、教学态度、教学素质、课件质量以及实践经历;学生方面因素依次为学习兴趣、努力程度。     

高职生物统计学教学效果影响因素的实证分析

为了解高职生物统计学教学效果的影响因素,以辽宁省某高职学院畜牧兽医专业学生为研究对象,采用logistic回归分析模型拟合生物统计学考试成绩与教师、学生两方面各因素的相互关系。调查结果表明高职学生对生物统计学知识的掌握程度较低且参差不齐;影响高职生物统计学教学效果的主要因素有7个(P0.05),按重要程度教师方面因素依次为教学方法、教学态度、教学素质、课件质量以及实践经历;学生方面因素依次为学习兴趣、努力程度。     

把握生物统计课程脉络 培养畜牧高级人才——谈生物统计课程的假设检验

假设检验是畜牧兽医类专业生物统计课程的核心内容,如何把握课程脉络,把假设检验的理论、方法讲解透彻,让学生轻松地掌握统计学原理,并能在生产实践中灵活运用,是生物统计课程教学的基本目标。在教学基本目标实现的基础上,使学生产生强烈的求知欲望,树立正确的专业意识,培养学生的统计思维,培育创新型的畜牧高级人才,是统计课程教学的总体目标。生物统计学建立在数理统计和概率论基础之上,具有数学课程的性质,如何把数学的逻辑原理转化为畜牧专业语言,是学生能够轻松学习统计原理、     

线上线下混合式教学的实践效果评价——以《生物统计学》课程为例

生物统计学是生物专业本科生一门非常重要的专业基础课。为培养全面发展的生物专业人才，在构建完整的生物统计学课程内容的基础上，进行线上线下混合式教学研究。本研究对比了线上线下混合式教学与传统教学两种不同教学模式对学生期末成绩的影响。结果显示，与传统教学相比，线上线下混合式教学模式下，学生的学习成绩显著提高，其平均成绩为75.21,与传统模式相比提高了6.32%。但在所有题型中，名称解释的平均成绩混合式教学模式低于传统教学模式。因此，在不同的题型中，传统教学模式和线上线下混合式教学模式各有所长。本研究对在疫情背景下提高教学质量有一定的指导意义。     

基于蓝墨云班课的翻转课堂在《生物统计学》教学中的实施

《生物统计学》作为一门理论性和实践性较强的专业基础课,为克服教学过程中出现的“学生难学,老师难教”的现状,利用蓝圣云班课移动教学APP结合翻转课堂的教学模式,对《生物统计学》课程进行课堂设计与实施。结果表明,该教学模式的尝试调动了学生学习的积极性,提升了教学效果,对学生掌握和灵活运用统计学知识起到了一定的促进作用。     

《食品试验设计与统计分析》课程教学设想

针对目前食品试验设计与统计分析教学中存在的急需解决的问题,结合生物统计学的相关教学改革,笔者提出对食品试验设计与统计分析课堂教学优化的一些思考与见解,以期为提高食品科学与工程专业食品试验设计与统计分析教学质量提供新思路。     

高职高专类畜牧兽医专业生物统计学课程教学改革的探索

生物统计学是应用数理统计的原理和方法分析、解释生物界的各种现象和数据资料,从而由大量的普遍存在的偶然现象中揭示真实规律性的一门应用性学科,它也是高职高专类畜牧兽医专业的一门重要专业基础课.学生普遍反映这门课难学,不易懂,学习效果差.如何让学生接受这门课,增加学生学习的积极性,提高生物统计学课程的教学质量,成为该课程教学改革的关键.文章从生物统计学教学内容的完善、教学方法的革新、教学模式的创新等方面对其课程教学改革进行探索,以期进一步提高教师的教学水平和教学效果.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein