Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Trewia polycarpa roots

The alcoholic extract of Trewia polycarpa roots, when administered orally to rats at doses of 50-400 mg/kg, exhibited a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in both acute and chronic models. It also showed a significant antinociceptive action mice in the dose range of 25-200 mg/kg. The extract did not reveal any toxicity in rats up to a dose of 3.2 g/kg (p.o.). It showed the presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, quinones and glycosides on phytochemical screening.     

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of Thymus pubescens extract

Thymus pubescens is an aromatic and medicinal plant, which has been widely distributed in Iran. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the T. pubescens aerial parts methanol extract were studied at doses of 50-400 mg/kg i.p. using carrageenan-induced edema, formalin, hot plate and writhing tests. The extract produced a significant decrease in the degree of swelling, 3 h after carrageenan injection and caused graded inhibition of both phases of formalin-induced pain. Moreover, in the hot plate test, it significantly raised the pain threshold. While in the writhing test produced a significant decrease in the number of writhing in comparison with the control group (P<0.001). The results of pharmacological tests performed in the present study suggest that the extract of T. pubescens presents analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.     

Preliminary antinociceptive, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Leucas aspera root

The ethanolic extract of Leucas aspera root was subjected to acetic acid induced writhing inhibition, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and brine shrimp lethality bioassay for screening of antinociceptive, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, respectively. The extract produced significant writhing inhibition in acetic acid induced writhing in mice at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. The extract showed a significant free radical scavenging activity with an IC(50) of 8 microg/ml. The extract showed significant lethality to brine shrimp with an LC(50) value.     

Effect of Mitragyna speciosa aqueous extract on ethanol withdrawal symptoms in mice

Administration of the aqueous extract of Mitragyna speciosa at a dose of 300 mg/kg significantly inhibited ethanol withdrawal-induced behaviors that included rearing, displacement and head weaving. The results also showed that at doses of 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg M. speciosa showed antidepressant activity without effect on the spontaneous motor activity.     

Anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activity of Calligonum comosum in rats.

The 10% ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Calligonum comosum (50--400 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the increase in hind paw oedema induced by carrageenan in rats. Following sub-acute oral administration of the extract (50 and 100 mg/kg, daily for 14 days), a significant anti-inflammatory activity in the cotton pellet model was observed. Pre-treatment with the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) produced a significant and dose-dependent inhibition to the acute gastric ulcers induced by phenylbutazone, indomethacin, 0.2 N NaOH and 80% ethanol.     

Anti-inflammatory activities of Taxusabietane A isolated from Taxus wallichiana Zucc

Current study was conducted to identify constituents of Taxus wallichiana Zucc. that might be responsible for its folk use in anti-inflammatory conditions. Taxusabietane A was isolated from the bark extract of Taxus wallichiana Zucc. Taxusabietane A was analyzed for in-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activities using Lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition assay and carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Taxusabietane A revealed considerable LOX inhibitory activity with the IC₅₀ value being 57 ± 0.31. Standard compound Baicalein showed the IC₅₀ value being 22.1 ± 0.03 μM. Taxusabietane A also showed significant (5 and 10 mg/kg) anti-inflammatory activity induced by carrageenan. However, this study highlighted the potential of Taxusabietane A to be further explored as a new lead compound for management of conditions associated with inflammation.     

Anti-inflammatory effect of zerumbone on acute and chronic inflammation models in mice

The anti-inflammatory activity of zerumbone (1), a natural cyclic sesquiterpene isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith was investigated using carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma tissue formation test in mice. It was demonstrated that intraperitoneal administration of 1 at a dose of 5, 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg produced significant dose-dependent inhibition of paw edema induced by carrageenan. It was also demonstrated that 1 at similar doses significantly suppressed granulomatous tissue formation in cotton pellet-induced granuloma test.     

Investigations on the antinociceptive activity of crude extracts from Croton cajucara leaves in mice

The crude leaf extracts of Croton cajucara Benth. were studied for their antinociceptive property in chemical and thermal models of nociception in mice. All the tested extracts (hexanic, chloroformic and methanolic), at oral doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg demonstrated significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing and the second phase response of formalin, but did not manifest a significant effect in hot-plate test.     

Anti-inflammatory effects of leaf and twig of Tripterygium wilfordii on paw edema in mice

The root of Tripterygium wilfordii (TWH) is a traditional Chinese herb used to treat the immune-related diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, whereas the leaf and twig of TWH was considered useless and discarded. We performed a study on the anti-inflammatory effects on the leaf and twig portion agent using carrageenan- and adjuvant-induced paw edema in rats. They showed a marked inhibitory effect on edema in both models of inflammation in rats, at the dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, especially on secondary immunological arthritis. Based on this study, we confirmed that the leaf and twig of TWH is a potentially useful drug suitable for further evaluation for rheumatoid arthritis and can replace root of TWH.     

大叶紫薇的修剪技术

简要介绍了大叶紫薇的形态特征,观赏特点,开花习性与营养生长、品种、光照、修剪的关系,着重从修剪时间、修剪强度及修剪方法等方面提出相应的修剪技术要点,提高大叶紫薇的观赏价值.     

Acute and long-term effects of alkaloid extract of Mitragyna speciosa on food and water intake and body weight in rats

Acute administration of Mitragyna speciosa (MS) extract (45 and 50 mg/kg) significantly resulted in dose-dependent decreases in food and water intakes (P<0.05) in rats. Prolonged suppressing effects were observed following administration of the MS extract (40 mg/kg) for 60 consecutive days. Moreover, the long-term administration also significantly suppressed weight gaining.     

木瓜栽培与管理技术

木瓜（Chaenomeles speciosa）蔷薇科木瓜属,落叶乔木、小乔木或灌木。     

大岩桐的组织培养

以大岩桐腋芽为外植体接种，采用ER配方，附加B4 0．5mg/L,NAA0.25mg/L，30天后形成丛生芽，半年后形成商品化生产规模。     

宣木瓜疏松愈伤组织的诱导

为了获得疏松、生长旺盛的细胞,以建立宣木瓜细胞的悬浮培养体系,取宣木瓜的不同部位作为外植体接种于MS培养基,就不同的培养条件对其诱导和生长状况的影响情况进行了试验与比较分析。结果表明:黑暗中2,4-D(1 mg.mL-1)+KT(0.1 mg.mL-1)对茎段的诱导效果较好,其次是嫩叶。在继代培养过程中,就不同培养基组分及培养条件对其生长状况的影响情况进行了试验与比较分析。结果发现:在弱光照、3%的蔗糖条件下及pH为5.8～6.0的范围内,宣木瓜细胞生物量的增长率达到最大值;合适的继代培养周期为15～20 d,合适的接种量为每瓶1～3 g。     

Anti-inflammatory, cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of standardized extracts of Tridax procumbens L.

The standardized EtOAc, MeOH and 70% EtOH extracts of Tridax procumbens aerial parts showed significant inhibition of rat paw edema at a medium dose of 200 mg/kg and the EtOAC extract was the most active. These extracts were standardized by HPLC with the help of chemical markers. Further, the extracts were evaluated for COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity and EtOAc extract exhibited the highest inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 at 50 μg/mL. Cent aurein, centaureidin and bergenin were isolated as COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory principles from the EtOAc extract. The extracts also exhibited antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS free radicals. The anti-inflammatory activity of T. procumbens aerial parts could be at least in part due to COX-1, COX-2 enzyme inhibition and free radical-scavenging activities which may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and other polyphenols in the extracts.     

美丽异木棉的种子繁殖与栽培管理

美丽异木棉是华南引种的外来优良园林树种。本文就其种子繁殖方式和栽培管理技术要点作探讨。     

CNS activities of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera root in mice

Methanolic extract (ME) of the root of Moringa oleifera was tested for possible pharmacological effects on experimental animals. ME potentiated significantly the sleeping time induced by pentobarbitone sodium, diazepam and meprobamate, showed analgesic properties and also potentiated analgesia induced by morphine and pethidine. Pretreatment with ME caused significant protection against strychnine- and leptazol-induced convulsions. The behavioural studies on mice indicate the CNS depressant nature of ME.     

重瓣大岩桐工厂化育苗技术

重瓣大岩桐不易产生种子,采用组织培养技术进行工厂化育苗不但可以保持母本优良特性同时在短期可以获得大量苗木。初始培养外植体采用幼嫩叶片,培养基为MS培养基,继代培养培养基选择MS BA2.0 NAA0.02 2.4-D0.5诱导愈伤组织,选择MS BA2.0 NAA0.2,MS BA1.5 NAA0.2增殖培养,选用1/2MS IBA1.0 AC0.5进行生根培养;炼苗移栽相对湿度保持在85%左右,温度保持在20℃～25℃,光照强度在1500～3000Lx,上盆苗栽培管理注意土壤、温度、湿度、施肥及病虫害防治。     

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ethyl acetate fraction from Zanthoxylum armatum in mice

Zanthoxylum armatum DC. is a traditional Chinese medicine that is prescribed to alleviate pain and treat inflammatory disorders. This species is distributed mainly in the southeast and southwest regions of China. In the present study, we found that ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract of Z. armatum could significantly decrease acetic acid-induced writhing numbers, and suppress formalin induced licking times in the first phase at the highest dose and in the second phase at all tested doses. This observation revealed that Z. armatum extract possessed powerful antinociceptive activity. The mechanisms of the antinociceptive effect might be mainly involved in the periphery inflammatory analgesic. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction also inhibited xylene-induced ear swelling in a dose-dependent manner in mice. Eight lignans [eudesmin, horsfieldin, fargesin, kobusin, sesamin, asarinin, planispine A, and pinoresinol-di-3,3-dimethylallyl] were identified as major components of the ethyl acetate fraction. Considering related studies reporting the anti-inflammatory activity for the identified lignans, lignan might be responsible for its anti-inflammatory activity. Our results confirm that the traditional use of Z. armatum in the treatment of inflammation and pain is warranted.     

贴梗海棠扦插育苗试验

庆阳市及周边地区生产上多采用从南方调入贴梗海棠(Chaenameles speciosa)的方法获取苗木,生产成本较大,也不能批量生产。笔者探索出了贴梗海棠在庆阳地区的基本育苗方法,以供生产者参考。