优质稻晶两优534在惠安县种植表现及栽培技术

晶两优534是籼型两系杂交水稻,2018年晚季引进在惠安县辋川等镇种植,表现分蘖力强、生长整齐、穗大粒多、结实率高、产量好、米质优、抗病性强,适宜惠安县晚季种植推广。总结晶两优534在惠安县辋川镇种植表现及栽培技术。     

江苏省有机水稻生产现状调研

江苏是我国稻米生产与消费大省,推行绿色、有机健康水稻栽培,加快发展中高端优质稻米,已成为各级政府和社会关注的议题。本文通过对江苏省有机水稻生产现状进行调查,分析了江苏省有机水稻种植模式、肥料施用、病虫草害防治等情况,梳理了有机水稻生产中存在的突出问题和技术需求,并提出生产建议,以期对江苏省有机水稻生产起到一定的启示和推动作用,为加快有机水稻产业发展提供参考依据。     

关于水稻生产的几个热点问题

自上世纪70年代杂交水稻育成以后,湖南双季晚稻生产出现了一个飞跃,每667m^2单产由350kg提高到了500k。但自1985年以后,水稻单产徘徊不前,早稻或晚稻单产500k／667m^2的瓶颈近20年没有突破。这其中原因之一是水稻品种的选育方向由产量向抗逆性和米质转变,并得到了较大的改进,从“今日不卖湖南米”到目前生产出的“超泰米”就足以说明这一点。     

我国水稻生产技术发展与展望

水稻生产技术在推进稻作技术进步、提高水稻单产水平和综合生产能力中发挥了重要作用.今后,水稻生产技术发展要以高产稳产、绿色优质、效益提升为方向,加快选育优良品种、集成绿色高效模式、强化生产指导服务、着力全产业链开发.     

浅谈华北水稻直播种植关键技术

直播是当前水稻栽培中常见的轻简种植方式,具有省工、省力、高效的特点,并有利于机械化操作,近年来在我国各地发展迅速。华北稻区是我国粳稻主要产地,直播稻种植面积近些年亦呈迅猛发展态势,探讨该区麦茬水稻直播种植关键技术对促进当地水稻高产稳产起重要作用。基于此,本文从品种的选择、播种方式及田间栽培管理等方面阐述了该区水稻直播种植关键技术,以期为该区水稻高产高效安全生产提供理论指导。     

两优培九的试种与示范栽培

“两优培九”系江苏省农科院粮作所利用培矮64与59311配组育成的两系杂交中稻高产优质组合,1994年4月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定。为了普及水稻生产良种化和优质化。实现种粮高产高效,增加农民收入。于1999年晚季辋川镇农技站从惠安县种子公司引进优质高产两系杂优稻“两优培九”在本镇玉围村进行晚稻     

盘锦地区水稻叶龄模式及在生产上的应用

水稻主茎叶片数具有相对稳定性,用水稻主茎叶龄可以准确表示水稻的生长发育进程和各部器官的生长发育状态。盘锦是辽宁省重要的优质大米生产基地,通过多年在本地区调查水稻的叶龄、分蘖长消、生育进程等情况,摸索出适宜本地区品种的叶龄模式,以此为依据确定相应的栽培管理对策,取得了较好效果。     

水稻氮肥运筹及施用模式简述

氮肥是作物增产的重要因素。介绍了国内外主要的氮肥施用方法以及近年来新型的氮肥施用技术,阐述了水稻生产中合理的氮肥运筹与氮肥利用率之间的关系,指出了前氮后移施肥技术对水稻生产的促进作用,为水稻产量和品质的提升提供了具有可参考性的意见和建议。     

寒地水稻生产全程机械化技术模式

黑龙江省农垦建三江管局水稻生产全程机械化的发展特点表现为机械化水平高,科技含量高,机械装备新,发展速度快。在寒地水稻种植上,实现了"三化一管"生产技术栽培模式,即品种优质化、旱育壮秧模式化、全程机械化和叶龄进程管理。水稻机械化生产实现了种子加工、育秧、整地、插秧、灌溉、植保、收获等全程机械化。建三江管局在实现了水田生产机械化的基础上,还要不断加快推进农机化的拓展和延伸,促进农机化向纵身领域、更大范围发展。     

盘锦地区水稻叶龄模式及在生产上的应用

水稻主茎叶片数具有相对稳定性，用水稻主茎叶龄可以准确表示水稻的生长发育进程和各部器官的生长发育状态。盘锦是辽宁省重要的优质大米生产基地，通过多年在本地区调查水稻的叶龄、分蘖长消、生育进程等情况，摸索出适宜本地区品种的叶龄模式，以此为依据确定相应的栽培管理对策，取得了较好效果。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.