Influence of Oligolysis on the development of Musca domestica in manure

The effect of electrochemical treatment of liquid manure (oligolysis) on the development of Musca domestica was studied under laboratory conditions. In electrochemical treated manure clearly fewer flies, pupae and larvae were found compared to untreated manure which was primarily the result of destruction of the surface layer on the treated manure. Furthermore our results suggest that the development of larvae and pupae is inhibited during the electrochemical treatment of manure.     

Fermentation of poultry manure for poultry diets

1. The fermentation of poultry manure in an attempt to increase its value for poultry diets was studied.

2. Microbial strains for the efficient elimination of uric acid were isolated.

3. Suitable, cheap carbon sources (methanol, glycerol, glucose) were tested in attempts to increase cell yield.

4. These criteria were used to study the 41 bacterial and 8 yeast strains which were the most prolific on slants and which were isolated from experiments with a shaker. A strain was selected for experimentation with a fermentor.

5. Fermentor experiments were done on a laboratory scale (101) and in a non‐sterile semicontinuous system (150 1), cell mass production being similar in both systems.     

Transmission of Campylobacter jejuni by the housefly (Musca domestica)

Houseflies (Musca domestica) were infected with Campylobacter jejuni after being confined for 5 days in a Horsfall isolator containing 25-day-old chickens known to be fecal excretors of the organism. Contaminated flies, when subsequently transferred to a second unit, transmitted C. jejuni to specific-pathogen-free chickens. Allowing a sample of 32 houseflies to ingest C. jejuni in a liquid suspension resulted in recovery rates of 20% from the feet and ventral surface of the body and 70% from the viscera. These experiments demonstrated the potential role of flies in the dissemination of avian campylobacteriosis.     

家蝇基因工程抗菌肽的研究进展

家蝇抗菌肽因具有独特的防御机制且不易产生耐药性而成为国内外科研工作者的研究热点,其在动物疫病防治上的应用也越发引人关注。利用基因工程技术获取家蝇抗菌肽能克服传统方法产量低、耗时长、无法实现大规模生产等缺点,是目前获取家蝇抗菌肽最为有效的方法。对家蝇基因工程抗菌肽的分类、编码基因的获得和表达以及生物活性方面进行了综述,以期为兽医临床早日研制出高效、低毒且不易产生耐药性的新兽药提供参考。     

家蝇抗菌肽的研究进展马红霞

从家蝇抗菌肽的分类、结构特点、作用机理、诱变、活性检验以及分子生物学研究等方面介绍了家蝇抗菌肽的研究进展。家蝇抗菌肽独特的作用机理、成熟的诱导、分离纯化技术及其相关基因的克隆、表达等研究成果均为对家蝇抗菌肽进行更深入的研究奠定了基础。采用分子生物学技术有望筛选并制备大量的高效家蝇抗菌肽。     

Cryptosporidium Recovered from Musca domestica,Musca sorbens and Mango Juice Accessed by Synanthropic Flies in Bahirdar,Ethiopia

The study was conducted to determine the role of house flies, Musca domestica and Musca sorbens to carry Cryptosporidium species in natural environment and filth flies potential for contamination of food item they visited using acid‐fast stain technique. Cryptosporidium was identified from flies collected in dairy cow barns, butchery, market and defecating grounds. Musca domestica captured from dairy cow barns and M. sorbens from defecating ground were found carrying more oocyst of Cryptosporidium parvum. Oocyst load per fly for M. domestica and M. sorbens was 5.84 and 3.42, respectively. Flies’ population dynamics in each month had little relation to the monthly oocyst frequency, r = 0.06 and 0.02 for M. domestica and M. sorbens, respectively. Cryptosporidium species oocysts were isolated from frozen mango juice, which filth flies visited in dairy farm barn. Load of oocysts in the mango juice was dependent on time contact of flies with mango juice and more oocysts were recovered (P < 0.05) in mango juice samples accessed by filth flies for longer period. Role of filth flies to carry and deposit Cryptosporidium species oocyst for development of food‐borne cryptosporidiosis is signified.     

Mechanical transmission of turkey coronavirus by domestic houseflies (Musca domestica Linnaeaus)

Domestic houseflies (Musca domestica Linnaeaus) were examined for their ability to harbor and transmit turkey coronavirus (TCV). Laboratory-reared flies were experimentally exposed to TCV by allowing flies to imbibe an inoculum comprised of turkey embryo-propagated virus (NC95 strain). TCV was detected in dissected crops from exposed flies for up to 9 hr postexposure; no virus was detected in crops of sham-exposed flies. TCV was not detected in dissected intestinal tissues collected from exposed or sham-exposed flies at any time postexposure. The potential of the housefly to directly transmit TCV to live turkey poults was examined by placing 7-day-old turkey poults in contact with TCV-exposed houseflies 3 hr after flies consumed TCV inoculum. TCV infection was detected in turkeys placed in contact with TCV-exposed flies at densities as low as one fly/bird (TCV antigens detected at 3 days post fly contact in tissues of 3/12 turkeys); however, increased rates of infection were observed with higher fly densities (TCV antigens detected in 9/12 turkeys after contact with 10 flies/bird). This study demonstrates the potential of the housefly to serve as a mechanical vector of TCV.     

E-nose identification of Salmonella enterica in poultry manure

1. A DiagNose II electronic nose (e-nose) system was tested to evaluate the performance of such systems in the detection of the Salmonella enterica pathogen in poultry manure.

2. To build a database, poultry manure samples were collected from 7 broiler houses, samples were homogenised, and subdivided into 4 portions. One portion was left as is; the other three portions were artificially infected with S. enterica.

3. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed and validated using the developed database.

4. In order to test the performance of DiagNose II and the ANN model, 16 manure samples were collected from 6 different broiler houses and tested using these two systems.

5. The results showed that DiagNose II was able to classify manure samples correctly as infected or non-infected based on the ANN model developed with a 94% level of accuracy.

     

Recycled dried poultry manure in chick starter diets

1. Dried poultry manure (DPM) collected from 1‐d to 3‐week‐old chicks, reared in electrical battery brooders, incorporated at a level of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% in a chick starter diet, was recycled four times.

2. There was a linear decrease in body weight and efficiency of food utilisation with each percentage increase in DPM.

3. The amount of dried droppings recovered as a percentage of food consumed was proportional to the amount of DPM included in the diet and remained fairly constant during the recycling.

4. Body weights and efficiency of food utilisation were substantially the same during the first three recycling periods but declined significantly during the fourth period.

5. Mortality was negligible and all chicks appeared healthy and vigorous.

6. Chicks fed on 10% DPM in an isocaloric and isonitrogenous (protein‐N) diet grew and utilised food as well as those fed on the basal diet; chicks fed on 20% DPM did not consume enough to meet their requirements.     

家蝇胚胎细胞系染色体制作方法

[目的]探索家蝇胚胎细胞系(MDEC-07114)染色体制作的方法。[方法]以MDEC-07114细胞为材料制备染色体。实验分组:秋水仙素浓度为5、10mg/L组;秋水仙素处理时间为5、6、10h组;预固定组和直接固定组。[结果]秋水仙素浓度为10mg/L、作用时间为5h组,细胞分裂相多,染色体形态好;预固定处理后细胞分散好,染色体形态清晰。[结论]10mg/L秋水仙素作用5h,经预固定处理后制作MDEC-07114细胞染色体效果最佳。     

Utilisation of dried poultry manure by growing chickens fed on a practical diet

1. Dried poultry manure (DPM) has been tested as a replacement for groundnut cake in poultry diets.

2. Body weight gain, and the efficiency of food conversion were improved when the diet contained 50 g DPM/kg but higher rates of inclusion (100 or 150 g/kg) depressed growth.

3. Birds fed on diets containing 50 g DPM/kg yielded meat of comparable quality to those fed on the control diet whereas those fed on diets containing more DPM yielded meat containing more fat and less water.

4. The percentage moisture in the meat was inversely related to the lipid content.

5. Nitrogen retention was comparable in all groups.     

确山县畜禽粪污资源化利用技术模式

一、畜禽粪污资源化利用技术模式的研究河南省确山县规模养殖场户数量629个,其中养猪场户405个,养牛场户94个,养羊场户98个,养禽场户32个,大、中、小型规模均有,各自情况不同。在畜禽粪污资源化利用项目实施中,确山县坚持“整县推进,全量收集,除臭肥化,综合处理,种养结合,循环利用”的原则,通过畜禽粪污的场内“小”循环利用、种养基地内“中”循环利用和市场化社会化“大”循环利用,达到畜禽粪污全部资源化利用的目的。     

Replacement of groundnut cake by dried poultry manure in the diets of laying hens

1. The effect on food consumption by pullets when dried poultry manure (DPM) replaced part of dietary groundnut cake depended on the strain of the birds: in two of the three hybrids food consumption was not affected when up to 100 g DPM/kg was fed.

2. Increases in food consumption were accompanied by increases in egg production.

3. The food required per dozen eggs was improved by up to 100 g dietary DPM/kg and variation in the sizes of eggs laid depended on the hybrid.

4. Concentrations of DPM up to 100 g/kg did not affect the water‐soluble nitrogen content of the egg but the crude albumen nitrogen content was depressed at concentrations of 80 g/kg or above.

5. Feeding DPM to laying pullets depressed body weight.