优质水稻新品种南粳46的选育与应用

南粳46是江苏省农科院粮食作物研究所选育的中熟晚粳稻新品种,全生育期165d左右,株高110cm左右,直立型穗,每穗总粒数140～150粒,结实率90％左右,千粒重25～26g。植株生长青秀,灌浆速度快,熟色好。稻米品质达国标二级优质稻谷标准,米饭晶莹剔透,有香味,口感柔软滑润,富有弹性,冷而不硬,食味品质极佳。抗条纹叶枯病,中抗白叶枯病,抗稻瘟病ZA5 ,ZB21 ,ZD7,ZF1小种,感ZC15,ZE3,ZG1小种,感穗颈瘟和纹枯病。2008年1月通过江苏省品种审定,适宜在江苏南部地区种植。     

优良食味水稻新品种南粳46

南粳46是江苏省农科院粮食作物研究所选择培育的优质粳稻新品种，2008年1月通过江苏省农作物品种委员会审定。 该品种株高110cm左右，穗长15cm左右，总粒数140～150粒／穗，结实率90％以上，千粒重25-26g。抗条纹叶枯病，中抗白叶枯病，感穗颈瘟和纹枯病。全生育期165d左右，属中熟晚粳类型，     

面包小麦新品种——陕麦150

陕麦 1 50是西北农林科技大学农科院校区小麦研究中心生物技术室以八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦复合杂交 ,经水、旱交替选择而育成的面包小麦新品种。陕麦 1 50属半冬性、耐寒、分蘖快 ;株高 85cm左右 ,茎秆弹性好 ,抗倒伏力强 ;经陕西省植保所鉴定 ,对条中 2 1～ 31号小种均为免疫或高抗 ,中抗白粉和赤霉病 ,轻感叶枯病 ;早熟 ,落黄好 ,每公顷 560万穗左右 ,约 40粒 /穗 ,千粒重 43g;耐旱性好。陕麦 1 50经中国农业科学院农业部谷物品质检测中心分析 ,各项指标达到或接近一级面包小麦品种标准 (表 1 ) ,属硬质强筋粉小麦品种。表 1　陕麦 1 50的…     

疣粒野生稻抗白叶枯病新基因的初步鉴定

以10个菲律宾白叶枯病菌小种和1个中国白叶枯病菌小种为供试菌系,以高感白叶枯病水稻品种IR24及携有不同抗白叶枯病基因的近等基因系IRBB1等16个材料作为参照,对粳稻品种8411/疣粒野生稻体细胞杂交获得的两个抗白叶枯病新种质SH5和SH76进行了白叶枯病抗谱鉴定。结果表明SH5和SH76在苗期的抗谱较广,并且与已知抗病基因的抗谱不同,但与IRBB5(xa5)和IRBB7(Xa7)相似。分别用xa5和Xa7的分子标记2F_1R和M5进行检测,确定SH5和SH76中不含有xa5和Xa7基因。初步推测SH5、SH76可能含有一个新的抗病基因或者一个连锁的基因簇群。     

优良食味粳稻南粳5718的选育及主要特征特性

南粳5718是江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所和江苏神农大丰种业科技有限公司以优良食味抗病粳稻中间品系宁7022为母本,与盐都地区农科所选育的优质高产粳稻中间品系盐粳608杂交,经数代外观与食味品质筛选和条纹叶枯病抗性与半糯基因的分子标记辅助选择,于2015年育成的食味品质优、丰产性好的中熟中粳稻新品种。全生育期148 d左右,株高102.6 cm,分蘖力中等,成穗率高。有效穗21.2万/667 m~2,穗型较大,每穗总粒数131.5粒,结实率88.9%,千粒重28.8 g。中感白叶枯病、稻瘟病和条纹叶枯病,抗纹枯病。具有食味品质优、茎秆粗壮、产量潜力高、后期熟相好、综合抗性好等优点,特别适宜稻虾共作等综合种养模式。2019年通过江苏省审定,适宜江苏省淮北地区种植。     

优质高产中熟晚粳稻新品种南粳50的选育及栽培技术

南粳50是以含低直链淀粉含量基因Wx-mq和条纹叶枯病抗性基因Stv-bi的日本优质粳稻关东194与江苏高产粳稻武粳13杂交,通过混合系谱法和分子标记辅助选择相结合的技术手段培育而成的优良食味、高产、多抗粳稻新品种。该品种株高适中,株型紧凑,长势较旺,分蘖力较强,穗型较大。650 kg/667 m2的产量结构为:有效穗数20万/667 m2,每穗总粒数140~150粒,结实率90%~95%,千粒重25 g左右。南粳50不仅抗稻瘟病、条纹叶枯病、纹枯病和白叶枯病,而且直链淀粉含量低,稻米食味品质优,适合于高档优质米开发。于2013年通过江苏省品种审定,适宜在江苏苏南地区种植。     

优质高产杂交粳稻新组合95优161的选育及其利用

95优161是江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所用自主育成的BT型粳稻不育系95122A与恢复系晚161配组育成的杂交晚粳稻新组合,2009年2月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该组合株型较紧凑,长势较旺,穗型较大,分蘖力中等,叶色浅绿,群体整齐一致,后期熟色好,抗倒性较强。2006—2007年参加江苏省区试,2 a平均产量8.88 t/hm2,2006年较对照苏优22增产8.2%,极显著,2007年较对照常优1号增产1.1%,不显著;2008年生产试验平均产量9.79 t/hm2,较对照常优1号增产6.4%。有效穗235.5万/hm2,每穗实粒数175.9粒,结实率86.5%,千粒重25.0 g,株高108～117 cm,全生育期162 d左右,比对照常优1号短1～2 d,适合在江苏省沿江及苏南地区中上等肥力条件下种植。接种鉴定中抗穗颈瘟和条纹叶枯病,感白叶枯病、纹枯病。米质理化指标达到国标2级优质稻谷标准。     

优质高产抗病水稻新品种圣稻18的选育及栽培技术

圣稻18是山东省水稻研究所利用系谱法选育的常规粳稻新品种。该品种全生育期160 d左右,株高96.5 cm,植株生长清秀,熟色好;直立型穗,每穗总粒数153.4粒,实粒数135.3粒,结实率88.2%,千粒重25.4 g;稻米品质达国标2级优质稻谷标准,食味品质好;抗条纹叶枯病、稻瘟病。2013年5月通过山东省品种审定,适宜在鲁南、鲁西南麦茬稻区及东营稻区种植。     

淮糯12田间品比试验表现及高产栽培技术探讨

【目的】探讨淮糯12田间综合表现和高产栽培技术。【方法】以皖稻68为对照品种,采用单本和双本栽插方式,研究不同栽插方式对淮糯12经济性状、抗性和产量的影响,并总结了其高产栽培技术。【结果】采用双本栽插,淮糯12穗数较皖稻68少18．0万／hm^2,穗实粒数较皖稻68多18．5粒,平均产量为8655．0kg／hm^2,较单本栽插增产20．2％,较双本栽插的皖稻68增产10．6％。田间表现抗白叶枯病,抗穗颈瘟,中感纹枯病,高抗条纹叶枯病。栽培上要注意培育壮秧、合理密植、配方施肥和病虫草害防治。【结论】淮糯12产量高、抗病性较好,分蘖力较弱,适宜双本栽插．     

冬小麦品种衡4399超高产栽培技术

衡4399（审定编号为冀审麦2008002）是河北省衡水市农科院独家选育而成的高产、优质小麦新品种。半冬性,幼苗半匍匐,叶色株型紧凑,秆较矮,韧性较好,株高68cm左右,叶色深绿,叶片较上冲,穗茎节较长,穗中等偏大,纺锤型,667m^2穗数45．9万,穗粒数34．3,千粒重39．2g,容重818g／L,高抗白粉病、叶锈病、条锈病,抗叶枯病,全生育期247d左右,成熟比石4185晚1d,子粒为白粒、硬质、饱满度好。     

Milling,functional and thermo-mechanical properties of wheat,rye, triticale,barley and oat

The milling potential of hulled barley, hulled oat, triticale, rye and wheat was studied using a long tempering process and a laboratory four-roller mill. Regardless of the investigated cereal, the results indicated a significant influence (p < 0.05) of volume per surface area ratio on the milling yield and ash contents of the flour. The lowest milling yield was obtained in case of hulled oat. Solvent retention capacity profiles were determined for all investigated whole cereals and flours for predicting the contribution of different polymers to the functionality of samples. For all solvents higher values were obtained for the whole cereals compared to the corresponding flour. Thermo-mechanical properties of the whole cereals and refined flours were also investigated. If in case of wheat the gluten proteins play an essential role on dough behaviour during kneading at 30 °C, in case of triticale, rye, hulled barley and hulled oat, the fibers play a major role as well. Thermo-mechanical properties of starch registered a large variation between cereals and/or flours. The lowest torque value corresponding to starch gelatinization (C3) was registered in case of the hulled oat flour, 1.92 Nm, while the highest value in case of rye flour, 2.65 Nm.     

WTO与茶叶--法治、创新、流通、标准、茶协

本文从以法治茶;科技创新,以新品种、新技术、新机械设备,促使茶产品"升级换代;搞活流通;建立"茶市场",规范管理;实施标准,创立名牌;发挥协会、学会、商会的作用.由政府牵头,调动官、企、产、学、研各方面力量,建设浙茶为现代化、产业化的强省,为"入世"作好积极的准备.     

Ester and ether linkages between hydroxycinnamic acids and lignins from wheat,rice, rye,and barley straws,maize stems,and fast-growing poplar wood

Treatment of solvent extracted wheat, rice, rye, and barley straws, maize stems, and fast-growing poplar wood with 60% aqueous ethanol in 0.2 M HCl at 75 °C for 3 h released 51.8, 51.2, 47.2, 43.7, 54.0, and 16.7% of the original lignin, and 44.3, 50.3, 30.9, 36.1, 40.0, and 25.5% of the original hemicelluloses, respectively. It was found that the bulk of p-coumaric acid (PCA) (67.0–83.5%) was esterified at the lignin side chains, while ferulic acid (FA) is linked to lignin side chains through both ether bonds (51.6–68.3%) and ester bonds (31.7–48.4%), indicating that FA may form intra- and/or inter-molecular ester–ether bridges between lignin fragments, which is first proposed in this study. In addition to p-hydroxybenzoic acid esterified to lignins in the cell walls of wheat straw and fast-growing poplar wood, a small portion of ether-linked p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the lignin preparations, obtained from rice, rye, and barley straws and maize stems, was also detected. It was also detected that noticeable amounts of syringic and vanillic acids were predominantly esterified to the lignin molecules in the cell walls of the materials studied.     

Fucanomics and galactanomics: marine distribution, medicinal impact, conceptions, and challenges

Glycomics turned out to be a very extensive project where its subdivision is consequently emerging. This is seen by the growing number of terminologies used to define subprojects concerning particular classes of bioactive carbohydrates. Sulfated fucans (SFs) and sulfated galactans (SGs) are relatively new classes of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) that occur mostly in marine organisms, and exhibit a broad range of medicinal effects. Their structures are taxonomically dependent, and their therapeutic actions include benefits in inflammation, coagulation, thrombosis, angiogenesis, cancer, oxidation, and infections. Some red algae, marine angiosperm and invertebrates express SPs of unique structures composed of regular repeating oligomeric units of well-defined sulfation patterns. This fine pattern of structural regularity is quite rare among any naturally occurring long SPs, and enables accurate structure-biofunction correlations. Seeing that, fucanomics and galactanomics may comprise distinguished glycomics subprojects. We hereby discuss the relevance that justifies the international recognition of these subprojects in the current glycomics age associated with the beneficial outcomes that these glycans may offer in drug development.     

Phytosterol,Squalene, Tocopherol Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Selected Seeds,Grains, and Legumes

The unsaponifiable lipid fraction of plant-based foods is a potential source of bioactive components such as phytosterols, squalene, and tocopherols. The objective of the present study was to determine the levels of phytosterols, and squalene, as well as tocopherols (α and β + γ) in selected grains, seeds, and legumes. The method comprised acid hydrolysis and lipid extraction followed by alkaline saponification, prior to analysis by HPLC. In addition, the fatty acid profile of the foods was determined via total lipid extraction, fatty acid derivitisation and GC analysis. In general, β-sitosterol was the most prevalent phytosterol, ranging in concentration from 24.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seed to 191.4 mg/100 g in peas. Squalene identified in all foods examined in this study, was particularly abundant in pumpkin seed (89.0 mg/100 g). The sum of α- and β+ γ-tocopherols ranged from 0.1 mg/100 g in rye to 15.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seeds. Total oil content ranged from 0.9% (w/w) in butter beans to 42.3% (w/w) in pumpkin seed and the type of fat, in all foods examined, was predominantly unsaturated. In conclusion, seeds, grains, and legumes are a rich natural source of phytosterols. Additionally, they contain noticeable amounts of squalene and tocopherols, and in general, their fatty acid profile is favorable.     

Plant population,planting date,and germplasm effects on guayule latex,rubber, and resin yields

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a perennial shrub native to the Chihuahuan Desert. While guayule traditionally has been cultivated for rubber, more recently it is being cultivated for its hypoallergenic latex. Other uses including termite resistant wood products and an energy source have also been identified. However, the effects of various agronomic practices, such as planting and harvesting dates, plant spacing, cutting height and frequency, irrigation frequency, and herbicide application, on latex concentration and yield of newly developed germplasm have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to determine the yield and concentration of latex, rubber, and resin of four guayule lines planted at two populations and two planting dates. Four guayule lines (AZ-1, AZ-3, AZ-5, and 11591) were transplanted at two dates (28 November 2000 and 7 June 2001) and two plant populations (27,000 and 54,000 plants ha^?1). Treatments were replicated four times. Each treatment plot was subdivided into six subplots for harvesting at 6-month intervals beginning 1 year after transplanting. Results showed that transplanting date did not affect plant size or latex concentration or yield consistently. Instead, it appeared that the time of harvest (fall vs. spring) was more important. The sixth (last harvest) in the fall planting date and the fifth harvest date in the spring planting date were the optimum for plant biomass and latex, rubber, and resin concentrations and yields. The lines AZ-1 and AZ-3 were larger, whereas AZ-5 had higher latex and rubber concentrations than the control, 11591. The greater plant population (54,000 plants ha^?1) had higher biomass, rubber, and resin yields than the lower population (27,000 plants ha^?1) at the early harvest dates, but not at the later harvest dates (5 and 6). More studies must to be conducted to determine the optimum plant population and transplanting date for other newly developed guayule germplasm lines.     

氮磷钾肥对稻米铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响

 采用田间试验，在四川省西昌市用两个水稻品种研究了氮、磷、钾肥施用量对稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响。结果表明，稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量均随着施氮量增加先上升后下降，滇屯502的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量都以施用90 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高；而合系39的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙的含量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用270 kg/hm2 N最高，说明供试籼型品种滇屯502对氮肥的敏感性较粳型品种合系39强；磷肥明显降低了稻米中铁、铜、锰、钙的含量和产量，适量增施磷肥有利于增加稻米中镁的含量和产量；适量施用钾肥有利于提高稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰含量和产量，两供试品种铁、锌、铜、锰含量均以90 kg/hm2 K2O时最高，而钾肥明显降低了稻米中镁、钙的含量和产量。     

Temperature,cyanide, and oxygen effects on the respiration,chip color,sugars, and organic acids of stored tubers

The possibility that sugar accumulation of potatoes stored at low temperatures may be linked to activation of cyanide-resistant respiration (CRR) was investigated. After a lag period of several days, continuous HCN treatment stimulated CO₂ production of tubers stored in 20% O₂. At 1°C in 20% O₂, HCN treatment increased respiration over that effected by low temperature treatment. After several weeks of treatment, cyanide-stimulated CO₂ production was greater at 1°C than at 10°C. Sucrose and malate levels of HCN treated tubers were sometimes higher than those of the 10°C control tubers, but they were always lower than those of the 1°C control tubers. This indicated that CRR alone could not account for the sugar increases at 1°C. Storage in 2% O₂ blocked the increase in CO₂ production and changes in constituents associated with HCN treatments in 20% O₂. HCN treatment had no significant effect on chip color. The level of CRR was measured in freshly cut slices from Monona, Norchip, and Kennebec tubers previously stored at 10°, 5°, or 1°C for several months. Slices from tubers previously stored at 1°C had increased CRR, but there was no difference in CRR between the 5°C and 10°C treatments. Sugars accumulated at 5°C, again indicating that sugar accumulation in potatoes stored at low temperatures was at least partially independent of the activation of CRR.